Fine particulate matter and incidence of metabolic syndrome in non-CVD patients: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Background

It has been reported that particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) while metabolic syndrome is also an important risk factor for CVD. However, few studies have investigated the epidemiological association between PM and metabolic syndrome.

上海市吴淞地区大气PM2.5两种提取成分的细胞毒性研究

[目的]研究上海市吴淞地区大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）两种提取成分（有机和无机提取成分）的细胞毒性。[方法]采用滤膜法采集上海市吴淞地区大气中PM2.5，以中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（chinese hamsterfibroblast cell line，CHL）为靶细胞研究PM2.5，有机及无机提取成分对细胞活力、代谢的影响及氧化损伤毒性，具体包括细胞形态、活力和细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、乳酸（LD）、丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平的测定。[结果]上海市吴淞地区大气PM2.5的有机和无机两种提取成分分别以10、50、100、200μg/ml浓度染毒CHL细胞10h，结果显示随着染毒剂量的增加细胞形态损伤加剧，细胞存活率、SOD含量呈下降趋势，LD和MDA则呈上升趋势，LDH则呈现先升后降趋势。与阴性对照组相比，200μg／ml染毒组的LD含量的升高同100、200μg/ml组的LDH和MDA含量的升高及SOD水平的下降均具有统计学显著性（P〈0．05）～除200μg/ml染毒组，有机提取成分要高于无机提取成分所染毒细胞的生长抑制率外，其他各染毒浓度组的氧化损伤及代谢指标水平在两种染毒成分之间尚不能认为有差别。[结论]上海市吴淞地区PM2.5，的有机及无机提取成分均具有一定的细胞毒性。     

Quasi-Static Compression Response of Carbon Fiber Reinforced 2.5D Woven Composites at Different Loading Directions

2.5D woven composites have been increasingly used in aerospace and military applications due to their excellent mechanical properties. In this research, 2.5D woven composites were produced, and their compression responses were investigated in different directions by compression experiments. XR-CT (X-ray computed tomography) technology was used to observe the microstructural damage profiles, and to analyze the failure mechanism of the material. The results show that when subjected to compression loads, the maximum load-bearing capacity of the material in the thickness direction was better than the maximum load-bearing capacity in the warp and weft directions. The compressive strength of the material in the warp and weft directions was lower than that in the thickness direction, and compression damage patterns in each direction also differed.     

Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in primary school children: A descriptive analysis of the MAPEC_LIFE multicenter cohort study

Background

Recent data support the hypothesis that genetic damage occurring early in life during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, including cancer.

广州市PM2.5的污染状况及其有机提取物对BEAS-2B细胞IL-8、IL-1β表达的影响

目的调查广州市交通干道附近PM2.5的污染状况,并探讨PM2.5有机提取物对BEAS-2B细胞的炎性损伤效应。方法使用PM2.5采样器采集广州市交通干道附近的PM2.5,分析天平称重计算日平均浓度;索氏提取器提取PM2.5吸附的有机物作用于BEAS-2B细胞,ELISA检测IL-8、IL-1β的表达水平。结果广州市PM2.5日平均浓度为0.057～0.194mg/m3,其超标倍数为0.88～2.98;BEAS-2B细胞受到PM2.5有机提取物作用后,随着PM2.5有机提取物染毒剂量的增加,IL-8、IL-1β的分泌也明显增加;且随着各剂量作用时间的延长,IL-8、IL-1β的表达也增高。结论广州市交通干道旁PM2.5污染相当严重;PM2.5有机提取物能够刺激BEAS-2B细胞释放IL-8、IL-1β等炎性因子,吸引大量的炎性细胞释放炎性介质,从而形成气道的炎症损伤。     

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) association with peripheral artery disease admissions in northeastern United States

Background: Current evidence, on the association of PM_2.5 and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is very sparse. Methods: We use novel PM_2.5 prediction models to investigate associations between chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposures and hospital PAD admissions across the northeast USA. Poisson regression analysis was preformed where daily admission counts in each zip code are regressed against both chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposure, temperature, socio-economic characteristics and time to control for seasonal patterns. Results: Positive significant associations were observed between both chronic and acute exposure to PM_2.5 and PAD hospitalizations. Every 10-μg/m³ increase in acute PM_2.5 exposure was associated with a 0.26 % increase in admissions (CI = 0.08 – 0.45 %) and every 10-μg/m³ increase in chronic PM _2.5 exposure was associated with a 4.4 % increase in admissions (CI = 3.50 – 5.35 %). Conclusions: The study supports the hypothesis that acute and chronic exposure to PM_2.5 can increase the risk of PAD.     

VitD在降低PM2.5对肺泡上皮细胞毒性中的影响分析

目的 分析维生素D(vitamin D, VitD)在降低PM_2.5对肺泡上皮细胞毒性中的影响。方法 采用透射电子显微镜和激光诱导荧光分析对比VitD处理前后,PM_2.5的毒性能力。MMT观察VitD处理前后细胞生存率,分析PM_2.5对A549的毒性影响。结果 VitD作用后的PM_2.5平均粒径减小5.5 nm,颗粒聚结和团聚更为明显,颗粒平均条纹长度增加、弯曲度减小,差异有统计学意义。PM_2.5条纹间距无统计学差异,有明显减小,接近0.06 nm。VitD溶液从PM_2.5解吸3环和4环多环芳香烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs),减少PM_2.5表面附着的致病性PAHs。PM_2.5可引起肺上皮细胞A549生存率明显下降,给予VitD干预后,PM_2.5对A549细胞生存率的抑制改善了54.7%,PM_2.5的生物毒性降低。结论 ...     

公共场所PM10和PM2.5浓度及其对从业人员上呼吸道症状的影响

目的了解广州市黄埔区各类公共场所室内PM10和PM2.5浓度水平及对从业人员上呼吸道症状的影响。方法通过分层抽样方法抽取全区4大类公共场所,包括理发美容类、商场剧院类、酒店旅馆类、酒吧KTV游戏厅类,采用便携式防爆智能数字粉尘仪AM510进行室内PM10和PM2.5浓度检测,通过单因素分析方法对各类场所室内PM10和PM2.5浓度水平进行分析。结果黄埔区4大类场所室内PM10浓度水平分别为(0.113±0.044)mg/m3,(0.085±0.022)mg/m3,(0.112±0.028)mg/m3和(0.207±0.031)mg/m3,其中酒吧KTV游戏厅室内PM10浓度超出GB/T 18883-2002标准限值(<0.15mg/m3)。全区4大类场所室内PM2.5浓度水平分别为(0.065±0.025)mg/m3、(0.050±0.013)mg/m3、(0.075±0.016)mg/m3和(0.120±0.018)mg/m3,均超出GB 3095-2012一级标准限值(<0.035mg/m3)。单因素分析及两两比较结果表明:各类场所室内PM10和PM2.5浓度水平,酒吧KTV游戏厅类最高,商场剧院类最低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PM2.5浓度与咳嗽、咽痛和鼻炎发生率呈正相关。结论黄埔区4大类公共场所室内PM2.5污染较为严重,明显影响从业人员上呼吸道健康,应加强对这类场所监管。     

控烟立法对不同公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度的影响

目的 了解花都区不同公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度水平,评估《广州市控制吸烟条例》(以下简称《条例》)的实施效果,为进一步制定控烟政策提供依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取医院、机关窗口单位、餐馆、宾馆4类共计40家公共场所,使用Sidepak AM510个体型气溶胶监测仪对调查对象进行室内空气PM2.5浓度监测,并通过SPSS19.0软件及配对t检验统计方法对数据进行整理与分析.结果 《条例》实施前后,医院候诊大厅和机关窗口单位大厅PM2.5浓度变化均无统计学意义(t分别为1.5、0.28,P＞0.05),餐馆大厅(t=2.29,P＜0.05)和宾馆大堂(t=2.55,P＜0.05)在《条例》实施前后有变化,实施前的监测数据明显高于实施后的监测数据.结论 控烟立法对花都区医院候诊大厅和机关窗口单位大厅PM2.5浓度水平均无明显影响,而对餐馆大厅和宾馆大堂PM2.5浓度水平有明显影响,但餐馆大厅仍然污染较为严重,应加强对这类公共场所的监管,保护公众健康,并把公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度标准列入控烟立法,作为执法处罚依据.     

CADD法在降血脂药物研究中的应用

目的：利用计算机辅助新药设计(Computer Aided Drug Design，CADD)技术中的受体图像法，对不同类型降血脂药物的化学结构及甘草次酸类的降血脂药效结构进行模型化研究，并初步探讨甘草次酸类的降血脂药理作用机制。方法：利用计算机程序EMO(分子力学程序)和GEOMOS(量子力学)以及Semi-empirical PM3方法，对4种不同类型的32个具有降血脂活性的分子进行分析。通过分子能量的降低和空间结构的优化处理，测定和计算这些分子的有关几何性、电性和能量参数。然后对优化后分子进行类型内重叠和有关参数的类型间对比观察，预测各类分子的共同药效结构和功能基团。分子重叠的可行性用参数RMS(Root Meam Square)进行判断。结果：分别获得32个降血脂活性分子的4种不同特征的药效基本结构图像，并发现甘草酸类(如18β-甘草次酸)与苯氧乙酸类(fibrates)分子的优化空间构型中，存在类似的特定结构片段，相应原子和原子团的电荷密度分布(net charges)、3个电荷中心分布及其相间距离具有可观的相似性。说明在甘草酸类的优化空间结构上可能具有与苯氧乙酸类药物类似的药效结构片段存在，甘草次酸及18-脱氢甘草次酸的铵盐降低71％的甘油三酯和51％胆固醇浓度。结论：甘草次酸类可能具有与苯氧乙酸类类似的降血脂作用机理，同时与苯氧乙酸类的作用特点类似。