Oral tolerance in EAE: reversal of tolerance by T helper cell cytokines

Oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) inhibits clinical and histopathological manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but only partially reduces serum anti-MBP antibody titers. We report here that orally administered MBP alters the isotypic distribution of anti-MBP antibody-forming cells (AFC) among various lymphoid tissues, with the most profound differences seen in mucosal tissues. We observed an isotype-selective reduction in anti-MBP IgA but not IgM AFC frequencies in Peyer's patches. The anti-MBP IgA AFC frequencies could be reconstituted by addition of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5). The cytokines did not appear to generate de novo responses since no increases in anti-MBP IgA AFC frequencies were observed in control cultures. These results indicate that decreased antibody production, as a result of oral antigen administration, can be reversed by exposure to the appropriate cytokines.     

Evidence for the presence of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum

Preliminary results on the localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum are presented. Cerebella from newborn and adult subjects were examined. While only sporadic positive fibres were detected in the adult tissue, the immunoreactive material appeared more abundant in the cerebella from newborn subjects. Varicose and non-varicose fibres and dot-like nerve terminals were present with different density in various regions. The paucity of immunoreactive perikarya suggests that most of the cerebellar substance P-like immunoreactive material has an extrinsic origin.     

RP—HPLC用于紫苏油及其习用品白苏油,野苏油的鉴别

本文采用RP－HPLC方法对紫苏油及其习用品白苏油、野苏油甘油酯进行了定性定量分析。利用HPLC分析油脂也为中药材真伪鉴别提供了一条有效途径。     

The effect of high-dose salmon calcitonin on bone mineral metabolism in the normal rat

Summary The paucity of information on the effect of long-term high-dose salmon calcitonin administration on normal bone mineral metabolism and histology prompted an investigation of the influence of high-dose synthetic calcitonin in the rat. Serum ionized calcium, osteocalcin or BGP (bone gla protein), and immunoreactive PTH were measured serially during calcitonin administration and bone histomorphometry analyzed at 6 weeks (after sacrifice). Daily injections of salmon calcitonin, 0.4 IU/100 g (group B) and 2 IU/100 g (group C), resulted in significant hypocalcemia at 4 hours for both experimental groups (P<0.004). Serium iPTH was significantly higher over the study period for both groups administered calcitonin. Serum BGP levels were significantly lower than controls during the study in group C (P<0.002) and to a lesser extent in group B (P<0.05). In group C, bone histomorphometry revealed increased resorption (onteoclast count), decreased trabecular bone volume, and decreased double-labeled tetracycline surface (bone formation). In group B an increase in osteoclast count but no alteration in bone formation was observed. To assess the role of PTH in the above findings, high-dose calcitonin was administered to parathyroidectomized rats. All of the above changes in bone histomorphometry were not observed in this group of animals. In conclusion, high doses of calcitonin promote hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and osteoclastosis in the normal rat in a dose-dependent manner with very high-dose calcitonin impairing bone formation.     

Daily nutrient intake represents a modifiable determinant of nutritional status in chronic haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: In maintenance haemodialysis patients, daily food intake is changeable; however, its relationship with nutritional status is unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the isolated, long-term effect of daily nutrient intake on nutritional status in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: We performed a prospective 1-year controlled study in 27 chronic haemodialysis patients, without recognized risk factors for malnutrition. Each day for 1 week, four times in the year, we measured protein nitrogen appearance, and assessed dietary protein (DPI) and energy (DEI) intake from dietary diaries. We compared the nutritional outcome of patients spontaneously reducing nutrient intake below the threshold of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for DPI and 25 kcal/kg body weight/day for DEI during the week (LOW, n = 8), with controls at adequate nutrient intake (CON, n = 19). An interventional 6-month study was then carried out in LOW to verify the cause-effect relationship. RESULTS: All patients showed a day-by-day reduction of whole nutrient intake during interdialytic period, which was mostly relevant in the third interdialytic day (L3). During the 1-year study, even in the presence of adequate dialysis dose and normal inflammatory indexes, body weight (68.0 +/- 5.5 to 65.8 +/- 5.9 kg), serum albumin (3.96 +/- 0.07 to 3.66 +/- 0.06 g/dl) and creatinine (9.2 +/- 1.1 to 8.1 +/- 0.7 mg/dl) significantly decreased in LOW but not in CON. Diaries evidenced in LOW a reduced number of meals at L3 that was explained by the fear of excessive interdialytic weight gain. During the interventional study, daily DPI and DEI increased at L3; this was associated with a significant increment of body weight, and serum albumin and creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS: In maintenance haemodialysis patients the persistent, marked reduction of daily nutrient intake, even if limited to a single day of the week, is an independent determinant of reversible impairment of nutritional status.     

免疫磁性捕获ELISA法检测甘草中甘草蛋白的研究

目的 制备甘草蛋白免疫磁性微球，并建立快速、精确的免疫磁性捕获ELISA法检测甘草蛋白。方法 采用种子聚合法合成聚苯乙烯磁性微球，并以兔抗甘草蛋白IgG抗体致敏，制备特异性捕获甘草特征蛋白的免疫磁性微球。以生物素标记抗体为示踪抗体，结合辣根过氧化物酶标亲和素建立ELISA检测系统，用于甘草药材和含甘草中成药中甘草蛋白的分析。结果 利用该方法对甘草药材和中成药中甘草蛋白抗原检测，检测灵敏度达到10ng／mL。结论 免疫磁性捕获ELISA检测技术方便、快速、准确，为生药的品种鉴定及中成药的质量控制提供一种新方法。     

乳腺癌中P73、P21的表达及其意义

目的 :通过检测 P73蛋白、P2 1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理指标的关系 ,探讨乳腺癌的生物学特性 ,分析它们在乳腺癌的发生、转移中所起的作用。方法 :应用免疫组化 S-P法检测 68例乳腺癌石蜡包埋标本中 P73、P2 1的表达情况。结果 :a.在乳腺癌 - 级与 级之间 P73蛋白阳性率分别为 1 8.75 % ( 9/48)和 60 .0 0 % ( 1 2 /2 0 ) ,差异有显著性 ( P <0 .0 5 )。随着 P73阳性表达率增高 ,乳腺癌的恶性程度增高。b.淋巴结转移组 p2 1的阳性表达率 2 3 .3 3 % ( 7/3 0 )明显低于无淋巴结转移组的阳性率 5 2 .63 % ( 2 0 /3 8) ,差异有显著性( P <0 .0 5 )。c.P73、P2 1之间无相关。结论 :P73、P2 1与乳腺癌的发生、发展有关     

毛喉萜对人肝癌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的　探讨毛喉萜 (Forskolin)的抗肝癌作用。方法　采用克隆形成、MTT比色法观察毛喉萜对SMMC 772 1细胞的作用 ,并利用免疫细胞化学方法检测其对rasp2 1、p5 3蛋白表达的影响。结果　毛喉萜可明显抑制SMMC 772 1细胞的增殖 ,其抑制率与剂量呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,经毛喉萜处理后 ,rasp2 1、p5 3蛋白表达均有明显下降。结论　毛喉萜能明显抑制肝癌SMMC 772 1细胞增殖 ,其作用可能与降低rasp2 1、p5 3蛋白表达有关。