巴豆醛致雄性大鼠神经毒性作用的研究

目的探讨巴豆醛暴露致雄性大鼠神经毒性作用,分析其可能的作用机制。方法于2019年7至10月,将24只SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和2.5、4.5、8.5 mg/kg染毒组,每组6只,分别经口给予0.0、2.5、4.5、8.5 mg/kg体重巴豆醛溶液,每周5次,连续染毒90 d。染毒结束后,测量大鼠体重,麻醉解剖取大鼠大脑组织和肝组织。测定大脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力及肝组织乙酰胆碱(ACh)水平;检测大脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测大脑组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。结果与对照组比较,2.5、4.5、8.5 mg/kg染毒组大鼠大脑组织中AChE活力明显降低,8.5 mg/kg染毒组大鼠肝组织中ACh水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,4.5、8.5 mg/kg染毒组大鼠大脑组织中MDA水平明显升高,GSH水平和SOD、GSH-Px活力明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,2.5、4.5、8.5 mg/kg染毒组大鼠大脑组织中TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高,4.5、8.5 mg/kg染毒组IL-1β水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论巴豆醛暴露可致大鼠神经系统损伤,可能与氧化平衡状态改变及上调大脑组织炎性因子表达等作用有关。     

藤黄酸通过YAP信号通路发挥对高糖诱导的内皮损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨藤黄酸在高糖诱导的内皮损伤中的保护作用及可能的作用机制。方法 人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）分5组,对照组给与低糖培养基培养,模型组和藤黄酸低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组均给与40mmol/L葡萄糖培养基培养,藤黄酸各给药组分别给与0.2μM、0.4μM、0.8μM藤黄酸处理,MTT检测各组细胞活力,流式细胞术检测各组凋亡,WB检测凋亡蛋白Cl-cas-3和Cl-cas-9表达,收集各组细胞上清液,检测氧化应激指标:ROS、MDA、NO以及粘附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平,WB检测YAP信号通路蛋白总YAP（t-YAP）蛋白和细胞核中YAP（n-YAP）蛋白表达量。在藤黄酸处理基础上,在HUVEC细胞中过表达YAP,MTT检测细胞活力,WB检测t-YAP和n-YAP蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组及各给药组HUVEC细胞活性明显降低、凋亡率显著增加,凋亡蛋白Cl-cas-3和Cl-cas-9表达增加,细胞中ROS、MDA水平增加,NO水平降低,ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平增加,t-YAP和n-YAP蛋白表达增加（P<0.05）,与模型组比较,藤黄酸各剂量组细胞活力显著增加、凋亡率显著降低,凋亡蛋白Cl-cas-3和Cl-cas-9表达降低,细胞中ROS、MDA水平降低,NO水平升高,ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平降低,t-YAP和n-YAP蛋白表达降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。藤黄酸+YAP组细胞活性显著低于藤黄酸组（P<0.05）,t-YAP和n-YAP蛋白显著高于藤黄酸组（P<0.05）。结论 藤黄酸可以抑制高糖诱导的HUVEC凋亡,增强细胞活力,减轻氧化应激损伤和细胞粘附,对高糖诱导的内皮损伤发挥保护作用,机制可能与抑制YAP信号通路激活有关。     

银杏内酯B对体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨银杏内酯B对体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法利用低浓度过氧化氢诱导原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤为模型,通过电镜观察细胞超微结构,以及培养介质中LDH活力,MDA含量,心肌细胞内Na -K -ATPase,GSH-PX活力的改变,来评价银杏内酯B对心肌细胞的保护作用,并探讨其机制.结果过氧化氢对心肌细胞有显著的损伤作用.银杏内酯B可使培养介质中的LDH和MDA水平显著下降,细胞内Na -K -ATPase,GSH-PX活力显著提高,同时细胞超微结构得到改普.结论银杏内酯B对过氧化氢致心肌细胞损伤有保护作用,机理与其抑制脂质过氧化和提高细胞内钠钾泵活力的作用有关.     

血脂康与烟酸肌醇酯调脂疗效比较

目的：探讨血脂康的调脂疗效。方法：对８４例原发性高脂血症患随机分为血脂康组和烟酸肌醇酯组,。服用血脂康组４４例,酸肌醇酯组４０例,观察用药８周（ｗｋ）后血脂变化,并对二进行比较。结果：显示血脂康有较好的调脂（降ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＴＣ－ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ／ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ及升ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）作用,且优于烟酸肌醇酯。结论：提示血脂康调脂职效确切,服用方便,副作用少,可作为较好的临床调脂药物推广使用。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染对载脂蛋白e基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的: 探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P. gingivalis)引起的炎症和氧化应激反应对动脉粥样硬化的影响及作用机制。方法: 采用8周龄载脂蛋白e基因敲除(ApoE knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型,将小鼠随机分为两组:(1)磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)健康对照组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+PBS鼠尾静脉注射;(2)P. gingivalis感染组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+P. gingivalis鼠尾静脉注射。1周3次,隔天1次,共10次。4周后处死,取心脏组织进行油红O染色,血清进行酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),主动脉进行实时荧光定量PCR以及Western blot检测。结果: P. gingivalis 感染组较PBS健康对照组可以显著加重ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,增加血清中炎症介质,如白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)以及氧化应激介质8-羟脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine,8-OHDG)表达,增加主动脉组织中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NADPH 氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,NOX)-2和NOX-4基因的mRNA水平。P. gingivalis感染后在主动脉组织中观察到核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)表达有增高趋势。结论: P.gingivalis感染会加速ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化进程,诱导氧化应激和炎症反应;NF-κB信号通路可能是P. gingivalis加速动脉粥样硬化形成的重要作用机制。     

槲皮素,异鼠李素对Cu^2＋介导的LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用

目的：观察槲皮素（Ｑｕｅ）、异鼠李素（Ｉｓｏ）对Ｃｕ＾２＋介导的低密脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）氧化修饰的影响。方法：采用一次性密度梯度离心法分离正常人血浆脂蛋白,用Ｃｕ＾２＋进行体外氧化修饰,温育前加不同浓度的Ｑｕｅ及Ｉｓｏ。检测脂蛋白中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性。结果：在Ｃｕ＾２＋与ＬＤＬ温育前加入Ｑｕｅ、Ｉｓｏ可使ＬＤＬ中ＬＰＯ生成减少,明显延缓 ,Ｖ     

Hydrophobic Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin: Routes to Functionalization with Alkyl Chains

Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is a very versatile biopolymer due to its biocompatibility and exceptional mechanical properties which make possible its use as a functional material in several applications. SF can be modified with a large variety of chemical approaches which endow the material with tailored chemical–physical properties. Here, a systematic investigation of different routes is reported to graft long alkyl chains on SF based on both liquid- and solid-phase, aiming to modulate its hydrophobic behavior. The liquid phase method involves direct activation of SF tyrosine residues via diazo coupling and cycloaddition reactions, generating hydrophobic materials insoluble in any common solvent. The solid phase approach consists of the chemical modification of drop-casted SF films by esterification of hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine SF residues with acyl chlorides of fatty acids. For the solid-state functionalization, a new class of hydrophobic pendant groups is synthesized, based on triple esters of gallic acid anhydrides, that are reacted with the biopolymer to further enhance its resulting hydrophobic features.     

Polyether Synthesis through Reductive Etherification Reaction Strategy

The reductive etherification reaction (RER) of carbonyl groups (aldehydes or ketones) through silane as a reducing agent together with Bronsted or Lewis acid affords the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. This strategy is applied at the macromolecular level for the first time in 1993, and isophthalaldehyde is self-polymerized in the presence of triethylsilane (Et₃SiH)/ tritylperchlorate (TrClO₄) to yield polyethers with low to moderate molecular weights. Next, the polyethers with alternating structures are achieved by reacting isophthalaldehyde with bis(trimethylsilyl) ethers or diols as comonomers using reducing agent silane and Lewis acid. Moreover, in recent years, it is shown that polyether synthesis and post-polymerization modification (PPM) of polymers proceeds smoothly and effectively with the RER strategy in the presence of chlorodimethylsilane (CDMS), which acts as both a reducing agent and a Lewis acid.     

Synergistic activity of vitamin-C and vitamin-E to ameliorate the efficacy of stored erythrocytes

ObjectivesErythrocytes are exposed to oxidative stress during storage and can be stored for up to 42 days (in AS-7) under blood bank conditions for transfusion. Vitamin-C and Vitamin-E have proved beneficial in diminishing oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the combined effects of Vitamin-C and Vitamin-E on erythrocytes during storage.Materials and methodsBlood was collected from male Wistar rats and erythrocytes were isolated and stored in AS-7 (Additive Solution) at 4 °C for 35 days. Erythrocytes were grouped into i) Controls and ii) Experimentals [Vitamin-C (10 mM) and Vitamin-E (2 mM)]. Antioxidant and oxidative stress markers were assessed at weekly intervals. Statistical analyses were performed by using GraphPad Prism software.ResultsHemoglobin increased on days 7 and 14 in the Experimentals. Superoxide dismutase activity elevated on days 7 & 14 in Controls and on day 7 in Experimentals. Catalase activity increased on day 21 in both groups. Protein carbonyls decreased on days 21 and 28 in Experimentals. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased from day 14 in both groups. Conjugate dienes decreased on days 21 & 35 in the Experimentals. Glutathione increased from day 14 in both groups. Superoxides decreased on days 14, 28 & 35 in Controls and from day 14 in Experimentals.ConclusionVitamin-C and Vitamin-E have been beneficial in terms of hemoglobin, antioxidants, protein & lipid oxidations and superoxides in stored erythrocytes. Therefore, this study provides new avenues for the development of effective storage solutions which will have a clinical impact in erythrocyte transfusions.