A kinematic analysis of relative stability of the lower extremities between subjects with and without chronic low back pain

Even though a number of studies have evaluated postural adjustments based on kinematic changes in subjects with low back pain (LBP), kinematic stability has not been examined for abnormal postural responses during the one leg standing test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative kinematic stability of the lower extremities and standing duration in subjects with and without chronic LBP. In total, 54 subjects enrolled in the study, including 28 subjects without LBP and 26 subjects with LBP. The average age of the subjects was 37.8 ± 12.6 years and ranged from 19 to 63 years. The outcome measures included normalized holding duration and relative kinematic stability. All participants were asked to maintain the test position without visual input (standing on one leg with his/her eyes closed and with the contra lateral hip flexed 90°) for 25 s. The age variable was used as a covariate to control confounding effects for the data analyses. The control group demonstrated significantly longer holding duration times (T = −2.78, p = 0.007) than the LBP group (24.6 ± 4.2 s vs. 20.5 ± 6.7 s). For the relative kinematic stability, there was a difference in dominance side (F = 9.91, p = 0.003). There was a group interaction between side and lower extremities (F = 11.79, p = 0.001) as well as an interaction between age and dominance side (F = 7.91, p = 0.007). The relative kinematic stability had a moderate negative relationship with age (r = −0.60, p = 0.007) in subjects without LBP. Clinicians need to understand the effects of age and relative stability, which decreased significantly in the single leg holding test, in subjects with LBP in order to develop effective rehabilitation strategies.     

人canstatin cDNA分泌型真核表达载体的表达及生物学作用研究

目的将人canstatin cDNA分泌型真核表达载体pSecTag2B/canstatin稳定转染中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO-K1)细胞并获得稳定表达canstatin蛋白产物的细胞株。再进一步研究表达产物的生物学作用。方法将人canstatin cDNA的重组1质粒pSecTag2B/canstatin稳定转染CHO-K1细胞,应用RT-PCR、western-blotting法检测表达产物,再用多种方法进一步研究canstatin的生物学作用。结果成功的将pSecTag2B/canstatin稳定转染CHO-K1细胞并鉴定出上清液中有目的蛋白的表达。该细胞培养上清液能抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜中微血管的生成,抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC-12)的生长并诱导其凋亡。结论①成功的将pSecTag2B/canstatin稳定转染CHO-K1细胞并获得能稳定表达can-statin蛋白产物的细胞株;②证实含canstatin蛋白产物的细胞培养上清液具有抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜微血管生成的活性并可在体外抑制HUVEC-12的生长和诱导其凋亡。     

医学院学生英语学习“高原现象”成因及对策分析

本文通过对我校二年级学生进行问卷调查、访谈的基础上，通过对学习曲线及其走向的研究，分析了在大学英语学习中产生“高原现象”的原因，提出了思考和应对措施，并特别强调了学习策略对克服“高原现象”的重要性。     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis and prognosis of open-globe injuries

OBJECTIVE: Determine sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic signs of orbital and ocular computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing patients with open globe injury. DESIGN: Randomized masked review of computed tomograms and retrospective clinical correlation of patients with ocular trauma. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred patients who underwent CT evaluation for ocular trauma between 1989 and 1993. METHODS: CTs were read by three masked observers; findings were tabulated and compared for variability among observers; sensitivity and specificity were calculated and CT findings were grouped according to visual outcome retrieved from record review. RESULTS: In the absence of clinical information, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 93%, respectively. The positive predictive value ranged from 88% to 97%, with a calculated overall positive predictive value of 95%. Patients who had a poor visual outcome (visual acuity <2/200) or who underwent enucleation had significantly more CT findings than patients with a good visual outcome. Vitreous hemorrhage, absence of lens, and severe distortion of vitreous space are among the most common CT findings associated with poor visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: CT is not sensitive enough to be solely relied upon for diagnosis of all open globe injuries. CT findings only complement clinical findings, increasing the clinician's overall ability to make an accurate diagnosis of open globe injury, and may provide useful prognostic information regarding visual outcome.     

Intrapartum to postpartum changes in colloid osmotic pressure

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of route of delivery on plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure was measured on admission to the hospital and 8 to 24 hours post partum in 72 patients at term with uncomplicated prenatal histories. Thirty-six patients underwent uncomplicated vaginal deliveries (local anesthesia, 18; conduction anesthesia, 18) and 36 patients had cesarean sections (conduction anesthesia, 18; general anesthesia, 18). The mean (+/- SD) intrapartum colloid osmotic pressure of the overall group was 21.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, and it declined significantly (p less than 0.01) to 15.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg post partum. A comparison of the intrapartum and postpartum reductions in colloid osmotic pressure between patients who underwent vaginal delivery and those who underwent cesarean section revealed no significant differences. Furthermore, the mean reductions in colloid osmotic pressure when all four groups were compared by type of anesthesia were not significantly different. Fifteen patients (20.8%) in the study had a postpartum colloid osmotic pressure of less than 13.6 mm Hg, and five (6.9%) had a postpartum colloid pressure of less than 12.5 mm Hg. Our results indicate that, for normal pregnancy, colloid osmotic pressure is uniformly lowered in the post partum and, in some cases, to levels that have been reported to be dangerously low.     

中药喷雾干燥防止粘壁技术的研究

中药提取液含有糖类、蛋白质、淀粉等容易造成粘壁的成分,在喷雾干燥过程,半湿物料粘壁、低熔点物料的热熔性粘壁、干粉表面附着是物料粘壁王要类型,影响因素有料液的含水性质、喷雾干燥塔的结构、雾化器的结构及雾化质量等参数与结构;已有解决粘壁的方法有控制热风在干燥塔内的温度分布、夹套冷却、冷空气吹扫、导入热风等措施;实验说明一步造粒中药干燥塔的结构与干燥工艺解决中药提取液喷雾干燥粘壁的更有效的方法.     

The value of trochanteric displacement in a varus producing intertrochanteric osteotomy

Surgical Principles In order to maintain or increase the abductor lever arm during a varus producing intertrochanteric osteotomy, distal displacement of the greater trochanter is often needed. Without displacing the trochanter, a significant weakness of the abductors would occur [4, 5]. With greater trochanter osteotomy, access to the hip joint is improved, permitting better visualization of the upper part of the femoral head and the roof of the acetabulum (ie, for a simultaneous shelf procedure). When a flexion component is added to the osteotomy, the trochanteric osteotomy increases the range of correction in the sagittal plane and reduces mechanical pressure on the anterosuperior surface of the femoral head [3]. The aim of an isolated greater trochanteric osteotomy is to advance distally and to lateralize the abductors. To achieve fixation, the preserved soft tissue layer, screws, or a tension wire cerclage are used [4–6, 10]. The indication of a trochanteric osteotomy combined with an intertrochanteric osteotomy has increased [1, 4, 10, 11]. The technique described in detail below is part of a varus osteotomy performed as previously described by M. E. Müller [7, 8, 10] and relies on the use of AO osteotomy plates [9]. Revised Version from: Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 1 (1989), 211–218 (German Edition).     

Blunted Sensitivity to Sucrose in Autoimmune MRL-lpr Mice: A Curve-Shift Study

Lupus-prone MRL-lpr mice show an autoimmunity-associated behavioral syndrome that has many features similar to the effects of chronic stress. The present study evaluated whether autoimmune MRL-lpr mice show reduced responsiveness to sucrose, as observed in normal animals exposed to chronic mild stress. Sixteen-week old MRL-lpr mice and their age-matched congenic MRL +/+ controls were given 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, or 16% sucrose solution to drink every 48 h in a one-bottle test. The MRL-lpr mice drank less than controls at all concentrations, except at 16%. The amount of sucrose consumed vs. solution concentration followed a saturation curve. Estimates were obtained for the concentration yielding the half-maximum response (X₅₀) and the response at saturating concentration of sucrose (R_max). The X₅₀ was significantly higher in MRL-lpr than in MRL +/+ mice, indicating a shift to the right of the concentration-intake curve. The R_max did not differ significantly between substrains, suggesting that the autoimmune process did not affect performance capacity. Pretreatment with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide diminished the substrain difference in X₅₀, suggesting that reduced sensitivity to sucrose is related to autoimmune/inflammatory factors. These results support the similarity between autoimmunity-associated behavioral syndrome and behavioral changes produced by chronic stress, and suggest common neuroendocrine mechanisms. Because reduced sensitivity to palatable stimulus may reflect blunted hedonic responsiveness (“anhedonia”), it is hypothesized that an autoimmune/inflammatory factor(s) produces the depression found in human lupus, and some cases of affective disorder. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.