橄榄油对新生期双酚A暴露后青春期雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用

目的研究橄榄油对新生期双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)暴露后青春期雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用。方法将32只清洁级新生ICR雄性小鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照(玉米油)组、橄榄油组、BPA(100μg/kg,玉米油稀释,前期实验中能明显引起精母细胞减数分裂阻滞)组、橄榄油+BPA(100μg/kg)组,每组8只。自出生第一天(PND 1)至PND 21(断乳),仔鼠每天进行颈背部皮下注射染毒,染毒容量为4μl/g,每天1次,连续染毒至断乳(PND 21)。PND 30,测定睾丸曲细精管直径、生精上皮厚度、管腔直径以及睾丸组织中Boule mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,BPA组小鼠睾丸曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度均显著下降,曲细精管管腔直径显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);虽然橄榄油+BPA组与对照组相比仔鼠曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度也有明显下降(P0.05),但与BPA组相比,曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度均显著上升(P0.05),曲细精管管腔直径显著下降(P0.05)。与对照组相比,BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule蛋白的表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule蛋白的表达水平高于BPA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,BPA组和橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule mRNA的表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule mRNA的表达水平高于BPA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论橄榄油对BPA所致雄性小鼠生殖毒性及Boule表达下降有一定的拮抗作用。     

Prediabetes diagnosis criteria,type 2 diabetes risk and dietary modulation: The CORDIOPREV study

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油酸在小鼠体内代谢生成9,10-二羟基硬脂酸的实验观察

目的探索油酸（OA）在小鼠体内能否代谢生成9,10-二羟基硬脂酸（DHSA）。方法将4周龄雄性昆明小鼠30只适应饲养1周后按体质量随机分为3组,分别以普通饲料、含13%橄榄油饲料和含13%大豆油饲料喂养,10周后空腹12h取血测定血清、红细胞膜中的油酸和DHSA含量。结果橄榄油组血清、红细胞膜中油酸和DHSA含量显著增加,高于大豆油组和普通饲料组（P〈0.05）,但大豆油组和普通饲料组油酸和DHSA含量相近。结论油酸可在小鼠体内转化生成DHSA。     

指纹图谱和主成分分析法评价杜仲叶的质量

目的采用主成分分析法(PCA)和指纹图谱法,对4个不同产地20个批次杜仲叶的质量进行评价。方法采用Aichrom AQ C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.5 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇与0.1%甲酸的梯度洗脱系统,检测波长323 nm;检测并确定了20个批次药材指纹图谱的14个共有峰,采用二维双指标评价法和PCA统计分析法,统计出杜仲叶组分的分布特点。结果 2号(绿原酸)、3号(咖啡酸)、7号(未知)、10号(未知)组分为显著贡献的主成分组分。结论不同产地杜仲叶样品中指纹组分各异,确定的主组分能显著区别药材的不同产地,可为杜仲叶药材质量的整体控制及其制剂的质量研究提供依据。     

Efficacy of gel containing organic extra virgin olive oil for peristomal skin hygiene: A pilot randomised controlled trial

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of the application, during stoma hygiene, of a pH-neutral gel containing organic EVOO (oEVOO) for the maintenance of peristomal skin integrity.MethodPatients with a colostomy or ileostomy were enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial and assigned treatment with a pH-neutral gel made from natural products including oEVOO or usual stoma hygiene gel. The primary outcome was three domains of abnormal peristomal skin: Discolouration, Erosion and Tissue overgrowth. Secondary outcomes that were evaluated included skin moisture; oiliness; skin elasticity; water-oil balance; patients’ perceptions; difficulty inserting and removing the pouching system; pain, any other chemical, infectious, mechanical, or immunological complications of concern. The intervention lasted 8 weeks.ResultsTwenty-one patients were recruited for the trial and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 9). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of patient characteristics. No significant differences between groups were identified either at baseline (p = 0.203) or at the end of the intervention (p = 0.397). In the experimental group, domains of abnormal peristomal skin improved after the intervention. The difference observed before and after the intervention was statistically significant (p = 0.031).ConclusionThe use of a gel containing oEVOO has shown similar levels of efficacy and safety to other gels commonly used for peristomal skin hygiene. It is also relevant to highlight that a significant improvement in skin condition was observed in the experimental group before and after the intervention.     

Effect of virgin olive oil plus acetylsalicylic acid on brain slices damage after hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats with type 1-like diabetes mellitus

Aspirin is the most widely used drug for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Moreover virgin olive oil (VOO) administration exerts a neuroprotective effect in healthy rat brain slices. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible influence of VOO administration to streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DR) on the neuroprotective effect of aspirin in rat brain. DR were treated during 3 months with saline, aspirin (2 mg/kg/day p.o.), VOO (0.5 mL/kg/day p.o.) or its association; a control normoglycemic group was treated with saline. Brain slices were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation before a reoxygenation period. All the treatments significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase LDH efflux after reoxygenation (−54.1% for aspirin, −51.3% for VOO and −72.9% for aspirin plus VOO). Lipid peroxides in brain slices were also reduced after the treatment with aspirin (−17.90%), VOO (−37.3%) and aspirin plus VOO (−49.2%). Production of nitric oxide after reoxygenation was inhibited by all the treatments (−46.5% for ASA, −48.2% for VOO and −75.8% for ASA plus VOO). The activity of the inducible isoform (iNOS) was inhibited by the three types of treatment (−31.8% for ASA, −29.1% for VOO and −56.0% for ASA plus VOO). The main conclusion of our study is that daily oral administration of VOO to diabetic rats may be a natural way to increase the neuroprotective effect of aspirin in diabetic animals.     

The effect of topical olive oil dressing on the healing of grade 1 and 2 diabetic foot ulcers: An assessor-blind randomized controlled trial in type 2 diabetes patients

Background and aimsWe aimed to compare the effect of topical olive oil dressing plus standard care with standard care alone on the treatment of grade 1 and 2 diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsThis assessor-blind randomized controlled trial included 60 T2DM patients with DFU referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from February 21 to August 22, 2017. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received standard care, including wound irrigation with normal saline and oral antibiotics plus daily topical olive oil dressing for four weeks, and the control group only received standard care. The wound healing assessment scale (wound degree, color, drainage, and surrounding tissue healing) was recorded weekly and the total wound status was determined at the end of the study.ResultsTreatment with olive oil led to significantly higher scores of ulcer degree, color, drainage, and surrounding tissue healing at weeks one, two, three and four in the olive oil group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Also, the total wound status score was higher in the olive oil group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The proportions of completely healed, partially healed, and unhealed wounds were 76.6%, 23.3% and 0% in the intervention group, and 0%, 93.3% and 6.7% in the control group, respectively.ConclusionsTopical olive oil dressing promoted the healing of DFU and it can be recommended as a safe and effective treatment in this regard.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20150607022585N4. Registered 05/12/2018. Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/19460.     

Toxicological evaluation of an olive extract,H35: Subchronic toxicity in the rat

The safety of olive extract H35 containing 35% hydroxytyrosol (HT) was tested in a 90-day oral gavage study in Wistar rats. H35 was administered at 0, 345, 691 and 1381 mg/kg bw/day, equivalent to 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg HT/kg bw/day. Reductions in terminal body weight (9%), and a statistically significant reduction in body weight gain (17%, P < 0.05) at week 13 were observed in high dose males, as well as a statistically significant increase in relative weights of the liver, heart, and kidneys of high dose males and females. These changes were not accompanied by pathological or clinical observations and a trend towards reversal was observed in the recovery phase. H35 was well-tolerated and no toxicologically significant treatment-related changes were observed in condition and appearance of rats, neurobehavioral outcomes, motor activity assessments, functional observational battery (FOB), food intake, ophthalmoscopic examinations, hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, necropsy findings, sperm parameters or estrus cycle. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was the 500 mg HT/kg bw/day based on statistically significant reductions in body weight gain and decreased body weight in males. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 250 mg HT/kg bw/day, equivalent to 691 mg/kg bw/day of H35 extract.     

Feed supplemented with polyphenolic byproduct from olive mill wastewater processing improves the redox status in blood and tissues of piglets

In the present study, a polyphenolic byproduct from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was used for making piglet feed with antioxidant activity. For examining the antioxidant capacity of the feed, 30 piglets of 20 d old were divided into two groups receiving basal or experimental feed for 30 d. Blood and tissue samples were drawn at days 2, 20, 35 and 50 post-birth. The tissues collected were brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, quadriceps muscle, pancreas, spleen and stomach. The antioxidant effects of the experimental feed were assessed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and tissues. The oxidative stress markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (CARB) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). The results showed that piglets fed with diet supplemented with OMWW polyphenols had significantly increased antioxidant mechanisms in blood and the majority of the tested tissues as shown by increases in TAC, CAT and GSH compared to control group. Moreover, piglets fed with the experimental feed exhibited decreased oxidative stress-induced damage to lipids and proteins as shown by decreases in TBARS and CARB respectively. This is the first study in which OMWW polyphenols were used for making pig feed with antioxidant activity.     

Consumption of animal products, olive oil and dietary fat and results from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk

Aim

The Western diet typically consists of high levels of saturated fat from animal products and has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Whilst olive oil, the predominant fat in the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with many health benefits its role in bladder cancer aetiology is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intake of animal products, olive oil and other major dietary fats on bladder cancer risk.

Methods

Dietary data were collected from 200 cases and 386 controls participating in a Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of intake between cases and controls using unconditional logistic regression. Adjustment was made for age, sex, smoking characteristics, occupational exposures and calorie intake.

Results

There was a statistically significant inverse association between olive oil intake and bladder cancer consistent with a linear dose-response relationship: middle versus the lowest tertile (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-0.99) and the highest versus the lowest tertile (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28-0.78; p-trend = 0.002). We also observed borderline statistically significant increased odds of bladder cancer for the highest versus the lowest intake of cheese (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.95-2.46; p-trend = 0.08). No potential associations were detected for any other source or type of dietary fat.

Conclusion

We observed evidence for a protective effect by olive oil and a possible increased risk of bladder cancer associated with a high intake of cheese. Our results require further investigation and confirmation by other studies.