Effects of an olive oil-enriched diet on plasma GLP-1 concentration and intestinal content, plasma insulin concentration, and glucose tolerance in normal rats

The present study aims mainly at measuring, in normal rats, the GLP-1 response to oral intake of an olive oil-enriched diet (OO), and at assessing the long-term effects of such a diet on the GLP-1 content of the intestinal tract, as well as the plasma d-glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 pattern during an oral glucose tolerance test. In meal-trained rats, the mean increment in plasma GLP-1 concentration at min 10 and 20 was 1.39±0.23 ng/mL higher (p<0.001) in the rats given access to the OO diet rather than control diet. Relative to the initial value (d 0), the gain in body weight at d 50 was also higher in the animals fed the OO rather than control diet. At d 50, the GLP-1 content of the jejunum, ileum, colon, and cecum were not significantly different in the two groups of rats. At d 19 and 36, the increment in both plasma insulin concentration and paired ratio between plasma insulin and d-glucose concentrations were again higher, during an oral glucose tolerance test conducted in overnight fasted animals, in the rats otherwise fed the OO, as distinct from control, diet. The intake of an olive oil-enriched diet thus increases, in normal rats, GLP-1 release, this coinciding during long-term exposure to the OO diet with higher body weight gain, increased secretory response of insulin-producing cells to oral glucose administration, and, after 36 d, improved glucose tolerance.     

Efficacy and tolerability of olive oil-based ketogenic diet in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: A single center experience from Turkey

Purpose

Ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective non-pharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy, tolerability and complications of olive oil-based KD in epileptic children.

橄榄多酚对口腔致病菌的体外抑菌实验研究

目的：测定橄榄多酚对口腔颌面部感染常见病原菌的抑菌活性。方法：选用质量控制标准菌株和临床分离的对多数抗生素耐药的菌株,采用琼脂稀释法和微量液体稀释法相结合的药敏实验方法,定量测定橄榄多酚对口腔颌面部感染常见病原菌的最低抑制浓度（MIC）。结果：橄榄多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、乙型溶血性链球菌CMCC32210／临床株、表皮葡萄球菌临床株的MIC均是0．25mg／ml。对大肠埃希氏菌ATCC25922的MIC为4．0mg／ml。对变形链球菌ATCC25175／临床株的MIC均为0．5mg／ml。结论：体外抑菌实验表明．橄榄多酚有较好的抑菌活性。对口腔颌面感染的常见革兰氏阳性病原菌的抗菌活性明显优于革兰氏阴性杆菌．而对变形链球菌也有较明显的抑菌作用。     

Olive oil consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases （NAFLD） derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride （TG） accumulation. An olive oil-rich diet decreases accumulation of TGs in the liver, improves postprandial TGs, glucose and glucagon- like peptide-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulates glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver. The principal mechanisms include： decreased nuclear factor-kappa B activation, decreased low- density lipoprotein oxidation, and improved insulin resistance by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines （tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6） and improvement of jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet is derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly from olive oil. In this review, we describe the dietary sources of the monounsaturated fatty acids, the composition of olive oil, dietary fats and their relationship to insulin resistance and postprandial lipid and glucose responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, clinical and experimental studies that assess the relationship between olive oil and NAFLD, and the mechanism by which olive oil ameliorates fatty liver, and we discuss future perspectives.     

鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的 探讨天然植物鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞系增殖及分化的影响。方法 将培养的HaCaT细胞分为鳄梨油组、橄榄油组及对照组。应用MTT实验确定鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞的适用剂量。以免疫细胞化学、免疫斑点印迹技术分别检测各组HaCaT细胞的c-myc原癌基因（c-myc）、有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK）、NF-κB、丝聚蛋白、内披蛋白、角蛋白10的表达。结果 对照组c-myc、MAPK、NF-κB免疫化学反应的扫描灰度均值（GSM）分别为101.9 ± 8.9、91.4 ± 5.1、94.3 ± 7.0,鳄梨油组分别为131.4 ± 6.6、136.3 ± 4.5、134.3 ± 5.2,与对照组比较均显著增加（P < 0.05）;橄榄油组分别为121.1 ± 4.5、107.9 ± 7.3、106.4 ± 5.4,与对照组比较均亦显著增加（P < 0.05）;而鳄梨油组与橄榄油组相比,前者各项GSM均高于后者（P < 0.05）。鳄梨油组和橄榄油组丝聚蛋白、内披蛋白、角蛋白10免疫化学反应的GSM均高于对照组（P < 0.05）;而鳄梨油组与橄榄油组相比,后者均高于前者（P < 0.05）。此外,各组各项免疫斑点印迹的GSM与免疫细胞化学的GSM数据基本相符,在鳄梨油组两者呈显著正相关,r = 0.94,P < 0.01;在橄榄油组两者也呈现显著正相关,r = 0.97,P < 0.01。结论 一定浓度鳄梨油和橄榄油,尤其是鳄梨油对HaCaT细胞可呈现显著的促生长、增殖效应;橄榄油和鳄梨油,尤其橄榄油对HaCaT细胞可呈现显著的促分化效应。     

Evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater toxicity on the mitochondrial bioenergetics after treatment with Candida oleophila

In a previous work the ability of Candida oleophila to use phenolic compounds as sole carbon and energy source at high concentrations without an additional carbon source was reported. C. oleophila grown in bioreactor batch cultures in a diluted and sterilized olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) caused a significant decrease in the total tannins content but no significant alteration was observed in phenolic acid and fatty acid content. Both treated and untreated OMWs were tested to evaluate the capacity in interfering with mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondrial respiration was not affected by treated OMW on the range of used concentrations, contrary to the untreated OMW. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory complexes were always significantly less affected by treated OMW in comparison with untreated OMW. However, supplementary treatment should be applied before OMW could be considered non-toxic.     

橄榄油的降脂作用及其作用机制研究

目的探讨橄榄油的降血脂作用及其作用机制。方法将大鼠随机分为基础饲料喂养组、高脂饲料喂养组和高脂饲料加橄榄油组,喂养8周后分别测定其血清中TG、TC、LDL-C、apoA1、apoB、MDA含量、AI及肝脏组织中的TG、TC含量。结果大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C、apoA1、apoB、MDA、AI和肝脏组织中TC、TG含量水平均呈现出高脂饲料喂养组>高脂饲料加橄榄油喂养组>基础饲料喂养组(P<0.05)。结论橄榄油能通过调节大鼠的LDL-C、apoA1、apoB、MDA含量和AI降低大鼠的血脂水平。