阿米替林联合唑来膦酸治疗肺癌转移性骨痛的近期疗效

目的:研究分析使用阿米替林联合唑来膦酸治疗肺癌转移性骨痛的疗效。方法:以66例肺癌转移性骨痛患者为研究对象;将患者随机分为两组,对照组给予唑来膦酸治疗,实验组患者联合使用阿米替林和唑来膦酸,观察对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果:实验组患者疼痛评分低于对照组患者,P<0.05;实验组患者焦虑抑郁状态低于对照组患者,P<0.05。结论:采用阿米替林联合唑来膦酸治疗肺癌转移性骨痛患者具有较好的效果,值得在临床应用。     

辣椒油中酸价测定方法的探讨分析

目的:本文运用不同前处理方法进行比较,解决国家标准方法[1]测定辣椒油中的酸价时,由于辣椒油中的色素存在而影响滴定终点的判断问题。方法:利用添加适量中性饱和食盐水及用活性碳吸附两种方法前处理后再按照国标法测定酸价,其结果与准确度和精密度都较高的自动电位滴定法相比较。结果:用添加中性饱和食盐水法和活性碳吸附法都可以清晰观察到滴定终点;辣椒油试样量在3~4 g,用添加中性饱和食盐水法与自动电位滴定法结果无统计学差异,结果准确;活性碳吸附法测定低浓度酸价的油脂相对偏差较大,高浓度的与自动电位滴定法无统计学差异。结论:对于深色油脂如辣椒油中的酸价首选自动电位滴定法,如没有自动电位滴定仪的基层单位,低浓度的可以用添加中性饱和食盐水方法,中、高浓度的可以用活性碳吸附法和添加中性饱和食盐水方法,两种方法都可以清晰地观察到滴定终点,结果精密度都较好,准确度较高。可以作为国标法中测定辣椒油中酸价的有效补充。     

石菖蒲中总苯丙素含量测定

建立了采用分光光度法石菖蒲中总苯丙素的含量方法，结果表明：标准曲线Y=304．0856x＋0．0019，（r=0．9999），平均回收率为98．91％，RSD为0．70％（n=6）。该法测得石菖蒲中总苯丙素的含量为2．3％，该方法灵敏、简便、快速、准确可靠。     

Acid–base physiology: new concepts

The traditional approach to acid–base physiology is based on the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation which is derived from the ${\text{CO}}_2/{{\text{HCO}}_3}^{?}$ buffer system. However, it is becoming increasingly recognized that this is an incomplete analysis as it focuses on only one of the six reactions involving H⁺ and can lead to the incorrect assumption that CO₂ and ${{\text{HCO}}_3}^{?}$ are independently adjusted factors that ultimately determine pH. In 1983, Stewart, a Canadian physiologist, proposed that a fuller understanding of acid–base physiology required consideration of biological fluids as a complex dynamic system, taking into account the interactions of all the chemical species involved. He showed that the true independent variables controlling the pH of any given fluid compartment are: the difference in the concentration of ‘strong ions’; the total concentration of ‘weak acid’; and the PCO₂. Importantly, H⁺ and ${{\text{HCO}}_3}^{?}$ are dependent variables and it is incorrect to think of them as being specifically regulated to manipulate pH. This review will discuss the importance of pH homeostasis and highlight the implications of the Stewart approach in our understanding of acid–base control mechanisms and disorders. In particular, the true mechanisms by which the kidney regulates plasma pH will be discussed, emphasizing key misconceptions that have been propagated as a result of the traditional approach.     

SLC28 genes and concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) proteins

The human concentrative nucleoside transporter (hCNT) protein family has three members, hCNT1, 2, and 3, encoded by SLC28A1, A2, and A3 genes, respectively. hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner. hCNT proteins are also responsible for the uptake of most nucleoside-derived antiviral and anticancer drugs. Thus, hCNTs are key pharmacological targets. This review focuses on several crucial aspects of hCNT biology and pharmacology: protein structure–function, structural determinants for transportability, pharmacogenetics of hCNT-encoding genes, role of hCNT proteins in nucleoside-based therapeutics, and finally hCNT physiology.     

Biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres containing tetracaine hydrochloride. In-vitro release profile

Tetracaine does not result in effective treatment of intractable pain caused by trigeminal neuralgiabecause of its short duration of effect. In asustained release system a controlled delivery of the drug at the site of administration, would avoid successive administrations. Tetracaine hydrochloride (HCl) has been encapsulated using a technique based on the evaporation of solvent from an O/O emulsion, using poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50:50. Microspheres were separated into three fractions: 106-212, 212-300 and 300-425mum. The effects of two variables of the manufacturing method (volume of the inner phase of the emulsion and volume of surfactant added to the external phase) on the drug loading into microspheres, dissolution profiles and SEM characterization of the microspheres were evaluated. Microspheres containing tetracaine hydrochloride (up to94% referred tothe theoretical) released the drug, in-vitro, over 35 days. Tetracaine HCl was delivered according to zero order kinetics from day 5 until the end of the release assay. The rate of drug release depended mainly on the viscosity of the discontinuous phase and on the size of microparticles. Microsphere size resulted more homogeneous when using the highest volume of the surfactant, being almost 80% of microparticles within the range 212-300mum.     

丹参水提液中丹酚酸B湿热降解动力学研究

目的：研究丹参水提液中丹酚酸B的湿热降解动力学。方法：以HPLC测定不同温度不同加热时间丹参水提液中丹酚酸B湿热降解动力学相关参数。结果：丹参水提液中丹酚酸B湿热降解符合一级动力学。结论：缩短丹参水提、浓缩、干燥时间，尽快使丹参水提液固体化可减少丹酚酸B损失。     

Gaslighting in alleged assault ascertained as Munchausen syndrome transcending to malingering in highly counterintuitive self inflicted acid burns

A factitious disorder leading to the self-infliction of highly counter-intuitive burns was diagnosed in a middle-aged female. The injuries were otherwise alleged to have been sustained by assault inflicted upon her by an unknown person. The case was diagnosed by medico-legal interpretation of injuries, in spite of a highly deceptive and concocted history by the patient and her husband. The entity was unique in being associated with magnificent primary, secondary and tertiary gains. The exploitation of the morbid sequel to malinger by the patient, and the involvement of the husband for the prolongation of the illness of his wife for financial gains as gaslighting was highly unusual. The self-infliction of injuries over hands is seen in factitious disorder. However, a combination of a guarded self-immersion of the hands and feet in a corrosive by an illiterate female, followed by malingering to earn livelihood is unprecedented in factitious disorders. The delayed presentation which required amputation of all the limbs to save the life of the patient is a glaring highlight of this case.     

咖啡酸苯乙酯对结肠癌细胞JNK-paxillin信号通路的影响

目的:探讨咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)对结肠癌细胞增殖抑制作用及对c-jun氨基酸末端激酶(JNK)信号通路的影响。方法:体外培养人结肠癌细胞株(HT-29),采用MTT法观察不同浓度的CAPE在不同时间段对HT-29细胞生长的抑制率;不同浓度的CAPE处理HT-29细胞24 h后,用Western blot法检测细胞中JNK及paxillin两种蛋白表达量的变化。结果:4个浓度(2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0μg/L)的CAPE均能明显抑制结肠癌细胞HT-29的增殖,且呈现明显的浓度和时间依赖性(均P<0.01);4个浓度的CAPE均能降低JNK和paxillin蛋白表达水平,且呈明显的浓度依赖性(均P<0.01)。结论:CAPE可在体外抑制人结肠癌细胞HT-29的增殖,机制可能与其降低JNK-paxillin信号通路的活性有关。     

熊去氧胆酸对胆肠吻合术后胆道逆行性感染的预防作用

目的：探讨熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对胆肠吻合术后胆道逆行性感染的预防作用。 方法：将2年间收治的50例接受胆肠吻合术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组。除传统的胆肠吻合术后处理外,对照组于术后给予维生素C,而观察组则给予UDCA。比较两组术后胆道逆行性感染的发生率。所有患者术后随访6个月至2年。结果：观察组术后胆道逆行感染的发生率较对照组显著降低(4.0%vs.32.0%)（P＜0.05）。 结论：胆肠吻合术后应用UDCA安全,可显著降低术后胆道逆行感染的发生率。