深部胸骨切口感染的研究进展

深部胸骨后感染(DSWI)是接受胸骨正中切口术后患者可怕的、灾难性的一种并发症。流行病学资料显示,近5年来DSWI的发生率为0.6%².0%,而其住院病死率或者30 d病死率却高达10.25%2.0%,而其住院病死率或者30 d病死率却高达10.25%²5.8%。围术期预防措施在降低DSWI发生率方面至关重要。真空辅助闭合装置治疗是一种优于其他传统方法有效的过渡治疗方案。胸廓重建术在治疗DSWI中起着决定性作用。多学科协作能够降低DSWI的发生率,在DSWI防治过程中值得提倡。     

Clinical features of cerebral palsy in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection

BackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of vertically transmitted viral infection, affecting around 1% of liveborns. Infection is symptomatic in nearly 10% of infected children who are at higher risk of development of severe neurological disorders, including cerebral palsy.AimsTo study the clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy caused by symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a multicenter study involving six countries from the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) Network.MethodsData on 35 children (13 males, 22 females; mean age at last assessment 12y 6mo, age range 14y 6mo, min 4y, max 18y 6mo) on pre/peri/neonatal history and last clinical assessment were collected. Classification of cerebral palsy and associated impairments was performed according to SCPE criteria.ResultsThe majority of children had bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, 85.7%, with a confidence interval (CI) [69.7–95.2], and 71.4% [CI 53.7–85.4] were unable to walk (GMFCS levels IV–V) while fine motor function was severely affected in 62.8% [CI 44.9–78.5] (BFMF levels IV and V). Most of the children with severe CP had severe associated impairments. 11.4% of children had severe visual and 42.8% severe hearing impairment, 77.1% [CI 59.9–89.6] suffered from epilepsy, also 77.1% had severe intellectual impairment, and speech was undeveloped in 71.4%. Female:male ratio was 1.69:1 and 80% of children were term born.ConclusionsCerebral palsy following symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection seems to be in most cases a severe condition and associated impairments are overrepresented.     

Deep neck infection in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus: a comparison of clinical features,complications, and outcomes

We retrospectively studied the clinical features, complications, and outcomes of deep neck infections in 31 adult patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV group) and 192 patients without (non-HIV group). In the HIV group, the cause was more likely to be odontogenic (21 (68%) compared with 90 (47%); odds ratio (OR) 2.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.32). In both groups, the parapharyngeal, submandibular, and masticator spaces, were those most often involved. However, in the HIV group, Ludwig’s angina was common, and was the main cause of airway obstruction. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most often isolated in the HIV group. Upper airway obstruction tended to be more common in the HIV group (5/31 compared with 13/192). These patients also had a higher risk of other complications (sepsis, mediastinitis, jugular vein thrombosis, and pneumonia) (6/31 compared with 12/192; OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.24 to 10.45), a higher mortality rate (3/31 compared with 2/192), and longer hospital stay (19 days compared with 16 days). Factors associated with an increased risk of complications in this group were an age of 55 years or over and a CD4 count of less than 350 cells/mm³. Deep neck infections in these patients are more severe. Dental health care, appropriate empirical antibiotics, early detection, and management of the airway and complications, may improve outcomes.     

32例麻风继发性溃疡分析

目的：了解我院麻风休养员继发性溃疡情况，以便更好地预防和治疗继发性溃疡。方法：使用继发性溃疡调查表调查32例麻风继发性溃疡患者继发性溃疡患者的病因、性质、部位等情况并取继发性溃疡处的分泌物进行细菌培养及药敏试验。结果：32例麻风继发性溃疡共39个病灶。发病部位：足底33个病灶，小腿和手指各3个病灶。溃疡分型：复杂性溃疡灶35个（89.74%），单纯性溃疡灶4个（10.26%）。溃疡原因：灼烫伤引起3个溃疡灶，压力性损伤引起36个溃疡灶。溃疡灶的细菌感染情况：26个病灶无细菌感染，13个存在细菌感染（33.3%)，菌种及药敏情况分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌6株，仅对药物利福平敏感；铜绿假单胞菌4株，对药物庆大霉素、头孢他啶、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星均敏感；奇异变形杆菌、普通变形杆菌、大肠埃希菌各1株，均对头孢他啶、阿米卡星敏感。结论：本地区麻风继发性溃疡以足底溃疡、复杂性溃疡为主，受伤原因以压力性损伤引起为主，感染病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。     

24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现分析

目的 探讨原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现特点.方法 选取2007年12月-2011年6月于医院采用CT进行诊断检查的24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者为研究对象,将其不同感染分类的CT表现特点进行统计分析.结果 24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者感染病原菌分别为曲霉菌属占41.7％、白色假丝酵母菌占25.0％、放线菌占20.8％等,病灶表型比例由高到低为曲菌球型占41.7％、弥漫型占29.2％、实变型占20.8％及结节型占8.3％,各型CT表现各有特点.结论 原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现有其特有的特点,在疾病诊断中有一定的辅助价值.     

临床肺部感染评分干预对VAP患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨临床肺部感染评分对VAP患者抗生素选择策略进行干预后对预后的影响.方法 采用随机、对照、临床研究.连续入选符合诊断标准的VAP患者56例,随机分为2组:A组(评分干预组,28例)临床肺部感染评分大于6分者抗生素选择策略采用降阶梯治疗方案,小于6分者采用常规升级治疗方案.B组(常规组,28例)按常规自然决定抗生素的选择和疗程.比较两组患者抗生素使用疗程、病死率及真菌定植发生率等.结果 A组抗生素使用疗程、病死率显著低于B组,B组真菌定植发生率高于A组.结论 临床肺部感染评分干预抗生素选择策略对改善VAP的疗效、预后具有良好效果.     

海水浸泡感染后皮肤软组织缺损修复的差异性观察Δ

[目的]观察海水浸泡感染后人工材料置入皮肤软组织缺损的修复研究。[方法]取狗左右桡骨中段截骨制成开放性皮肤软组织及骨缺损动物模型,随机分成二组,实验组海水浸泡伤口2 h,对照组开放伤口自然暴露2 h,感染后3 d分别给予伤口清创并置入人工骨,每组各12只,创面共24例,并以玻璃纤维石膏绷带固定,术后12周观察各组动物皮肤、软组织愈合及材料移动情况,并行统计学分析。[结果]a:术后12周实验组皮肤及软组织愈合差于对照组,P<0.05,有统计学意义;b:术后12周实验组与对照组材料移动情况无明显差别,P>0.05,无统计学意义。[结论]海水浸泡感染后动物皮肤及软组织愈合差于自然暴露感染动物,海水浸泡与自然暴露材料稳定性一样差。     

西吡氯铵含漱液预防颌骨囊肿患者术后感染临床效果观察

目的探讨西吡氯铵含漱液预防颌骨囊肿患者术后感染临床效果,为临床预防与治疗提供依据。方法选择医院2011年1月-2013年7月收治的颌骨囊肿患者968例,将其随机分为对照组510例、观察组458例,对照组患者颌骨囊肿术后采用常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上应用西吡氯铵含漱液,评估两组患者术后感染率,肿胀、疼痛评分及治愈平均时间、菌斑指数(PLI),并观察患者不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者感染7例,感染率为1.53%,对照组感染31例,感染率6.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肿胀、疼痛、PLI评分观察组患者分别为(0.84±0.41)、(1.53±0.47)、(0.79±0.33)分,均低于对照组的(1.24±0.53)、(2.11±0.90)、(1.30±0.49)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应评分比较,差异无统计学意义;平均病愈时间观察组为(52.40±4.09)d,少于对照组(58.62±3.17)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用西吡氯铵含漱液预防颌骨囊肿术后感染具有较好的临床效果,能降低感染率,具有良好的安全性,值得临床推广应用。