Effect of nutritional counseling on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among Thai HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy

HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy have increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. In this study, we determined whether individual nutritional counseling reduced dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, among HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia not currently taking lipid-lowering medication. We conducted a randomized 24-week trial among HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia who were on antiretroviral therapy and were eligible to initiate therapeutic lifestyle changes according to the Thai National Cholesterol Education Program. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received individual counseling with a nutritionist for seven sessions (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24) and a control group that received standard verbal diet information at baseline and nutritional counseling only at week 24. A 24-h recall technique was used to assess dietary intake for both groups at baseline and week 24. Lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride) was measured at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy. An intention-to-treat and linear mixed model were used. Seventy-two patients were randomly assigned, and 62 (86%) participants completed their lipid profile test. After 12 weeks of follow-up, there were significant reductions in the intervention group for total cholesterol (?14.4?±?4.6?mg/dL, P?=?.002), LDL cholesterol (?13.7?±?4.1?mg/dL, P?=?.001), and triglyceride (?30.4?±?13.8?mg/dL, P?=?.03). A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol was also observed in the control group (?7.7?±?3.8?mg/dL, P?=?.04), but there were no significant differences in change of mean lipid levels between the groups at 12 weeks of follow-up. After 24 weeks, participants assigned to the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater decreases in serum total cholesterol (?19.0?±?4.6?vs. 0.2?±?4.3?mg/dL, P?=?.003) and LDL cholesterol (?21.5?±?4.1?vs. ?6.8?±?3.8?mg/dL, P?=?.009). There were no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels in either group.     

肾移植术后院内感染情况的调查分析

目的 了解肾移植术后院内感染的现状.方法 将106例肾移植患者按照入住病房的实际情况分成层流病房组54例和ICU组52例,比较2组院内感染的发生情况.结果 层流病房组患者院内感染的发生率比ICU组低.层流病房内的细菌菌落数明显少于ICU.结论 肾移植术后层流病房的院内感染发生率明显低于ICU,因此肾移植术后患者应选择层流病房以降低术后感染.     

Acute myocardial infarction as the manifestation of the thoracic aorta pseudoaneurysm

We present the case of the 56-year-old Caucasian man, with the 30 months history of previous Yacoub operation, reported to the complex cardiovascular center as the acute coronary syndrome with new LBBB ECG changes. Coronary angiogram proved the atypical affection of the left main coronary artery, transesophageal echocardiography clarified a large aortic pseudoaneurysm repressed both of coronary arteries, as the cause of symptoms. The surgical correction (Bentall procedure) was successfully performed and the patient was discharged 23 days after redo surgery with no complications.     

Profound CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus negative individuals,improved with anti-human herpes virus treatment

Lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia can be associated with many bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections. They can also be found in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, common variable immunodeficiency syndrome, physical, psychological and traumatic stress, malnutrition and immunosuppressive therapy. Besides, they can also be brought into relation, without a known cause, with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. Among viral infections, the Retrovirus, specially the human immunodeficiency virus, is the most frequently cause. However, many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus can be associated with transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. As is well known, transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia are temporary and overcome when the disease improves. Nonetheless, severe CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia associated with chronic infections by human herpes virus has not been reported. We describe 6 cases of human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, with chronic cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections and profound lymphocytopenia with clinical symptoms of cellular immunodeficiency. These patients improved rapidly with ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment. We claim here that it is important to consider the chronic human herpes virus infection in the differential diagnosis of profoundly CD4+ T lymphocytopenia etiology, when human immunodeficiency virus is absent, in order to start effective treatment and to determine, in future studies, the impact of chronic human herpes virus infection in human beings'' health.     

慢性HBV感染孕妇心理压力源的质性研究

目的了解慢性HBV感染孕妇主要的心理压力源。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法，深入访谈9例慢性HBV感染孕妇，了解其心理压力状况。结果HBV感染孕妇妊娠期心理压力源主要包括：担心孩子被传染、对在传染病医院分娩的顾虑、对分娩方式和喂养方式选择的顾虑、担心自身健康、对承担母亲角色的顾虑。结论医护人员应结合乙肝孕妇的自身特点做好相应的健康指导和心理支持以减轻乙肝孕妇的心理压力。同时应进一步加大对公众的宣传力度，为乙肝患者营造一个公平、友好的社会氛围。     

新生儿院内感染发生情况的调查及危险因素分析

目的调查新生儿院内感染发生情况并分析其危险因素。方法收集我院新生儿病房2014年3月-2015年2月收治的1044例新生儿作为研究对象展开回顾性分析,明确院内感染患儿的病原菌分布情况及感染部位,对比感染患儿与未感染患儿的相关资料,明确新生儿院内感染的危险因素。结果40例感染患儿中,病原菌分布:革兰阴性菌22例(55.0%)、革兰阳性菌15例(37.5%)、真菌3例(7.5%)。革兰阴性杆菌对阿米卡星及头孢他啶的耐药率均较高,革兰阳性球菌则对阿莫西林与氨苄西林的耐药率高。29例(72.5%)感染部位为呼吸道,其次为血液6例(15.0%)、消化道3例(7.5%)、皮肤2例(5.0%)。胎龄32周、体质量2.5 kg、Apgar评分5分、合并基础疾病、合并新生儿缺氧缺血脑病(HIE)、使用呼吸机、侵入性操作、使用抗菌药物、住院时间超过1周等均为新生儿住院期间的院内感染危险因素,其中使用呼吸机、侵入性操作、使用抗菌药物、体质量2.5 kg为独立危险因素。结论医护人员需加强无菌观念,避免预防性应用抗生素,尽量减少侵入性操作及呼吸机使用,以降低新生儿院内感染率。