母亲孕期空气污染物混合暴露对子代先天性心脏病的联合作用

目的：探索母亲孕期空气污染物中可入肺颗粒物(PM₁)、细颗粒物(PM_2.5)、可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和二氧化氮(NO₂)混合暴露对子代先天性心脏病发生风险的影响,并估计上述几种污染物的作用权重。方法：纳入广东省先天性心脏病防治登记网(GRCHD)2007—2016年登记的来自21个地市、40家医疗机构的6038例先天性心脏病患儿(病例组)及5227名健康对照儿童(对照组)。采用logistic回归模型评估母亲暴露于单个空气污染物对子代先天性心脏病发生的影响,采用spearman相关系数分析各种污染物之间的相关性。并采用Quantile g-computation评估空气污染物混合暴露对先天性心脏病发生的联合效应及各种污染物的权重。结果：病例组PM₁、PM_2.5、PM₁₀和NO₂的暴露浓度显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。PM₁、PM_2.5、PM₁₀     

A comparison of indoor air pollutants in Japan and Sweden: formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorinated volatile organic compounds

Indoor and outdoor concentrations of formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and selected chlorinated volatile organic compounds (chlorinated VOC) were measured in 37 urban dwellings in Nagoya, Japan, and 27 urban dwellings in Uppsala, Sweden, using the same sampling procedures and analytical methods. Indoor as well as outdoor air concentrations of HCHO, NO2, and chlorinated VOC were significantly higher in Nagoya than in Uppsala (P<0.01), with the exception of tetrachlorocarbon in outdoor air. In Nagoya, HCHO and NO2 concentrations were significantly higher in modern concrete houses than in wooden houses and higher in newer (less than 10 years) than in older dwellings (P<0.01), possibly due to less natural ventilation and more emission sources in modern buildings. Dwellings heated with unvented combustion sources had significantly higher indoor concentrations of NO2 than those with clean heating (P<0.05). Moreover, dwellings with moth repellents containing p-dichlorobenzene had significantly higher indoor concentrations of p-dichlorobenzene (P<0.01). In conclusion, there appear to be differences between Nagoya and Uppsala with respect to both indoor and outdoor pollution levels of the measured pollutants. More indoor pollution sources could be identified in Nagoya than in Uppsala, including construction and interior materials emitting VOC, use of unvented combustion space heaters, and moth repellents containing p-dichlorobenzene.     

上海市闸北区大气污染与死亡率的病例交叉研究

目的 探索上海市闸北区大气污染与居民死亡率之间的联系。方法 应用病例交叉设计case-crossover)和STATA 6．0中的条件Logistic回归模型对2000年6月1日-2002年12月31日期间上海市闸北区大气污染与居民死亡率之间的联系进行分析。结果 在调整气象因素并采用1：4双向对称性对照模型中,PM10、SO2及NO2 48h平均浓度每增加10μg／m^3与总死亡率(损伤中毒除外)的OR分别为1．007(95％可信区间1．003-1．011),1．011(95％可信区间1．001-1．021),1．010(95％可信区间1．000-1．020),其中PM10与死亡率的联系在敏感度分析中不随模型参数的改变而不同。PM10与循环系统疾病死亡率有关,NO2与呼吸系统疾病死亡率有关。结论 上海市闸北区大气污染物暴露对居民死亡率有急性效应。     

延肾胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮的影响及疗效观察

目的观察延肾胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者的血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的影响及疗效。方法68例慢性肾功能衰竭患者随机分为2组,治疗组34例口服延肾胶囊,对照组34例口服爱西特,观察2组血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)、血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)、白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肌酐清除率(Cr)、24h尿蛋白定量(24hTP)变化及临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率85.3%,对照组为61.8%,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组BUN、Cr、ET、24hTP较对照组下降明显(P<0.05),NO、Alb、Hb、Ccr治疗组较对照组升高明显(P<0.05)。结论延肾胶囊能够降低慢性肾功能衰竭患者BUN、Ccr、ET、24hTP,升高NO、Ccr、Alb、Hb,延缓慢性肾功能衰竭的进展。     

柔肝消癥饮对肝硬化大鼠血一氧化氮和内皮素-1的影响

目的：观察柔肝消癥饮对肝硬化大鼠血清一氧化氮（NO）和血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）含量的影响。方法：采用复合因素造模法复制肝硬化大鼠模型,实验分组为正常组、模型组、阳性药（复方鳖甲软肝片）对照组和柔肝消癥饮高、低剂量组。观察柔肝消癥饮对肝硬化大鼠肝组织病理形态学、血清NO和血浆ET-1含量的影响。结果：模型组大鼠出现肝小叶损害,纤维组织增生,假小叶形成;血清NO和血浆ET-1含量以及二者比值显著增加。各治疗组肝脏病理损害较轻,血清NO和血浆ET-1含量以及二者比值明显降低。结论：柔肝消癥饮通过显著抑制肝硬化大鼠血清NO和血浆ET-1水平的异常升高,以达到抗肝硬化的作用。