滑膜炎胶囊对兔膝骨性关节炎组织病理学及NO、SOD、COMP等的影响

目的观察滑膜炎胶囊对模型兔膝骨性关节炎关节软骨的病理及一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、关节软骨转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)等的影响。方法健康新西兰白兔35只,随机分为空白组、滑膜炎胶囊组、玻璃酸钠组和模型组。以改良Hulth法实施手术造模,造模成功后,各组分别按照设计程序予以处理。动物处死后分别采集血液与关节液,检测一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)等指标,并行关节软骨大体观察、组织病理形态学观察,及免疫组化染色法检测关节软骨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)。结果与模型组比较,滑膜炎胶囊可以明显降低关节炎模型兔血清及关节液NO含量,降低血清COMP含量,提高关节软骨中TGF-β1表达,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);滑膜炎胶囊组在减少组织病理学评分方面也明显优于模型组(P0.01)。滑膜炎胶囊组与玻璃酸钠组各指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论从关节软骨的大体观察及HE染色、SO染色组织病理学光镜观察,兔膝骨性关节炎的造模成功;滑膜炎胶囊可有效延缓关节炎模型兔软骨退化。     

新型氮芥衍生物XHH诱导K562细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨新型氮芥衍生物N-[4-(二氯乙基)丁胺]-1,8-萘酰亚胺(XHH)对K562细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法检测XHH对K562细胞增殖的影响;用Annexin V-FITC/Hoechst33342、PI/Hoechst33342和Rh123/Hoechst33342双染法高内涵观察细胞的形态学变化、凋亡率及线粒体膜电位;用分光光度法检测caspase-3、caspase-9的活性。结果在一定浓度范围内,XHH能抑制K562细胞的增殖且抗肿瘤活性优于美法仑,呈剂量和时间依赖性地诱导细胞凋亡、降低线粒体膜电位、活化caspase-3和caspase-9。结论 XHH具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,可通过线粒体/caspase-9/caspase-3途径诱导K562细胞凋亡。     

不同氧疗技术对急性氮气窒息大鼠治疗效果的评价

目的 评价不同氧疗技术对急性氮气窒息大鼠的治疗效果,以探讨更加适合急性氮气窒息患者的现场氧疗技术.方法 健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分成对照组、单纯染毒组、33%浓度氧吸氧组、50%浓度氧吸氧组和高压氧舱吸氧组,每组12只.将氮气与空气混合成为96%氮气浓度的气体充入染毒罐,染毒组大鼠在染毒罐中静式吸入此混合气体1 h.单纯染毒组大鼠于染毒后吸入常压空气1 h;高压氧治疗组将大鼠置于高压氧舱中,纯氧洗舱并进行高压氧(压力为0.2 MPa,氧浓度>90%)吸氧治疗1 h;其他2个染毒组大鼠分别置于33%氧浓度和50%氧浓度的氧疗罐中,吸氧1 h.比较对照组、单纯染毒组和各吸氧治疗组大鼠的行为学表现、动脉血氧分压(PO2)、二氧化碳分压(PCO2)和血氧饱和度(SPO2)、肝肾功能指标和心肌酶的变化情况.结果 各组大鼠在染毒后出现先兴奋后抑制的表现,氧疗后意识得到恢复.单纯染毒组大鼠PO2[(79.67±9.12)mm Hg]和SPO2[(94.92±2.78)mm Hg]明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);33%氧浓度组、50%氧浓度组、高压氧疗组大鼠PO2[分别为(94.75±7.24)、(94.92±8.98)、(104.58±7.12)mmHg]均较单纯染毒组明显增加,SPO2[分别为(97.17±0.83)、(96.92±1.16)、(97.42±0.67)mmHg]也有所升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);33%氧浓度组和50%氧浓度组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高压氧组PO2较另外2个氧疗组增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高压氧组PCO2[(51.42±6.60)mm Hg]较50%浓度氧组[(44.58±3.42)mm Hg]增高,其他各组间PCO2的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单纯染毒组大鼠天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)[(270.50±49.05)U/L]、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)[(122.67±55.44)U/L]、尿素氮(BUN)[(7.31±0.93)mmol/L]、肌酐(Cr)[(28.32±4.35)μmol/L以及肌酸激酶(CK)[(1808.42±582.05)U/L]和肌钙蛋白(CtnI)[(22.52±14.29)ng/ml]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)[(1286.58±484.80)U/L]和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)[(553.08±53.46)U/L]无明显变化.各种方式氧疗后以上各项指标有部分降低,而高压氧治疗组AST[(165.25±30.87)U/L]、HBDH[(350.83±103.00)U/L]和CTnI[(11.23±5.38)ng/ml]较33%浓度氧或50%浓度氧治疗组下降更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).结论 及时有效的氧疗能够明显提高急性氮气窒息大鼠动脉PO2和SPO2,并且可以改善肝功能和心肌损害.而高压氧的使用更能够明显提高对氮气窒息大鼠的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To Evaluate the effects of different oxygen therapies on the rats with acute nitrogen asphyxia and to study the best oxygen therapic protocol for patients with acute nitrogen asphyxia on the spot. Methods Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, exposure to nitrogen, 33% oxygen treatment, 50% oxygen treatment and hyperbaric oxygen treatment groups. The behavioral performance, arterial oxygen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) and oxygen saturation (SPO2), biochemical changes in liver and kidney function and myocardial enzymes in 5 groups were measured. Results The rats exposed to nitrogen firstly were excited then inactive symptoms, but consciousness was recovered after oxygen therapy. The PO2 and SPO2 in nitrogen exposure group were (79.67±9.12) and (94.92±2.78) mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The PO2 and SPO2 of 3 oxygen treatment groups were (94.75±7.24), (94.92±8.98), (104.58±7.12)mm Hg and (97.17±0.83), (96.92±1.16), (97.42±0.67)mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in nitrogen exposure group (P<0.05). The PO2 in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was significantly higher than those in other 2 oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). The SPO2 in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was (51.42±6.60) mm Hg which was significantly higher than that [(44.58±3.42)mm Hg] in 50% oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). AST [(270.50±49.05)U/L], ALT [(122.67±55.44)U/L], BUN [(7.31±0.93 )mmol/L], Cr[(28.32±4.35) (μmol/L], CK [(1808.42 ±582.05 )U/L] and CtnI [(22.52±14.29 )ng/ml] in nitrogen exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). AST [(165.25 ±30.87 )U/L], HBDH [(350.83± 103.00)U/L] and Ctnl [(11.23±5.38 )ng/ml] in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group were significantly lower than those in other 2 oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Timely and effective oxygen therapy can significantly increase arterial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation in the rats with acute nitrogen asphyxia, and can improve liver function and cardiac damage. The hyperbaric oxygen chamber can significantly increase the therapeutic effects on rats with acute nitrogen asphyxiation.     

精索静脉曲张致男性不育机制研究现况

精索静脉曲张(VC)是泌尿男性生殖系统常见疾病之一。VC可影响男性生育,世界卫生组织也把VC列为男性不育的首要原因。近年来,国内外研究者针对VC致男性不育的机制已进行了不少的临床及实验研究,提出了许多可能的机制,取得了一些进展。尽管如此,VC致男性不育的机制尚不清楚。现将近年有关的观点予以综述。     

复杂压力暴露条件下从失事潜艇快速上浮脱险后余氮张力的初步探讨

目的 探讨失事潜艇艇员在高压下暴露并从失事潜艇快速上浮脱险后体内余氮张力的计算方法.方法 对失事潜艇脱险过程进行分解,采用微积分等方法,建立脱险艇员出水时体内氮张力值的理论计算公式,并将此氮张力值换算成相对饱和深度.结果 建立的理论计算公式可以计算在7、12 m饱和后,在不同深度脱险时体内余氮张力值对应的相对饱和深度.结论 本研究建立的理论计算公式可为减压病的预测提供参考,为分析复杂压力暴露后快速上浮脱险方法的安全性提供理论依据.     

蕨麻正丁醇部位对EAHY926内皮细胞缺氧损伤的保护作用

【目的】探讨蕨麻正丁醇部位对内皮细胞缺氧损伤的保护作用。【方法】采用人脐静脉内皮细胞株(EAHY926)建立缺氧损伤实验模型,通过MTT法测定各实验组细胞代谢率;比色法测定乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和NO浓度;放射免疫法测定内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)的活性。【结果】3.00 mg/ml、1.50 mg/ml和0.75 mg/ml蕨麻正丁醇部位均能显著减少缺氧损伤内皮细胞LDH的外漏量,并可显著提高细胞内SOD活性,增加NO分泌、减少ET-1的生成。【结论】蕨麻正丁醇部位对内皮细胞缺氧损伤具有显著的保护作用,其机制之一可能是清除缺氧导致的内皮细胞自由基堆积,减少ET-1的释放,增加NO分泌,从而减轻内皮细胞损伤。     

红景天苷对小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨红景天苷对小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞过氧化损伤﹑缺氧/复氧损伤的作用及其机制.方法:体外培养原代小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞,观察红景天苷对正常细胞增殖的作用及cNOS活性;用H2O2和Na2S2O4分别复制过氧化损伤模型和复制缺氧/复氧损伤模型,测定细胞活性(MTT法),并测量LDH、NO、SOD和MDA含量.结果:红景天苷明显促进正常内皮细胞增殖,给药后24小时作用明显,增加细胞裂解液中cNOS活性;在氧化损伤模型和缺氧/复氧损伤模型中,红景天苷明显提高细胞存活率,增加胞内SOD活性和NO的释放,降低培养液中LDH释放量和胞内MDA含量.结论:红景天苷能促进正常内皮细胞增殖,对缺氧/复氧损伤、过氧化损伤内皮细胞均有一定的保护作用.     

Indoor Air Distribution of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone in Urban Hospitals

Indoor air pollution has recently become a public concern in Taiwan. People recognize that indoor air quality (IAQ) may be more important than outdoor air quality because they spend over 80% of their time indoors. IAQ could affect health and comfort of building occupants. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the indoor concentrations of selected air pollutants at two hospitals in Hsinchu, Taiwan, (2) to evaluate the potential indoor sources of pollutants in these selected hospitals and their indoor/outdoor relationships, and (3) to compare pollutant concentrations with values published in other studies. A significant between-hospital difference in average indoor concentration of nitrogen dioxide and 54.14, 32.69 ppb for Hospital A and B, respectively (p < 0.05). Indoor nitrogen dioxide concentration was significantly positively correlated with outdoor nitrogen dioxide concentration, PM₁₀ concentration, and traffic flow (r = 0.91, 0.65 and 0.72, respectively). The ozone level was also lower in our hospitals than 30 ppb standard.     

燃气热水器燃烧产物中CO和NOx的产生与控制

目的研究燃气热水器燃烧产物中CO和NOx的产生与控制。方法对燃气热水器在冷态开机运行、进风口堵塞(堵塞比例为25%,50%,75%,90%)、长时间耐久燃烧(24 d耐久燃烧实验)以及不同烟道设置(0.5 m 1弯、1 m 1弯、2 m 1弯、2 m 2弯、3 m 1弯、3 m 2弯、3 m 3弯)状况下燃烧产生CO和NOx的浓度进行测定和分析。结果燃气热水器冷态开机运行时存在爆燃现象,瞬时过剩空气系数(α)为1时的CO浓度[CO(α=1)]可达约350 mg/m3,NOx浓度[NOx(α=1)]随燃烧时间的延长而增大。进风口逐渐堵塞,CO急剧上升,当堵塞到90%时,CO(α=1)浓度高达499.69 mg/m3。人工煤气为气源燃气热水器长时间耐久燃烧24 d后,CO(α=1)浓度高达494.3 mg/m3。烟道设置的长度和弯头越多,燃烧产生CO浓度越高,当烟道设置为3 m 3弯时,CO(α=1)浓度为262.7 mg/m3。结论燃气热水器开机时的爆燃、进风口堵塞、长时间耐久燃烧、烟道长度和弯头数目的增加会导致CO和NOx排放增加。用户应该正确安装、减少开机次数、定期清洁燃气热水器。     

Statistical approach for the characterization of NO2 concentrations in Beirut

Measurement of ambient NO₂ concentrations using diffusion tube samplers is widespread in many countries. Results from a program of measuring ground-level concentration of NO₂ at 20 urban sites within the city of Beirut are presented. In addition, two curbside sites were implemented at different heights. Two-week sampling period measurements were performed over 41 periods for all sites. A study of the sites’ behaviors was conducted using principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Firstly, results indicate that urban sites are equivalent, and one global class is identified. Any further monitoring of the nitrogen dioxide concentration can be conducted by decreasing the number of urban sites. Secondly, nitrogen dioxide concentration levels present a seasonal variation, as expected. Maximum average concentration of 178 μg m^− 3 was observed during winter (December 2005) and a minimum concentration of 17 μg m^− 3 was observed during summer (May 2006). The annual average concentration measured in 2005 is 67 μg m^− 3, while the recommended value from the World Health Organization is 40 μg m^− 3.