Protein intake and nitrogen balance in male non-active adolescents and soccer players

Recommendations for the requirements for protein intake amount usually to 0.8–1.0 g·kg^–1 body mass·day^–1 in adolescents without any reference to the undertaking of acute exercise or to the training status. The present investigation intended to determine the nitrogen balance and protein intake in 8 healthy male non-active adolescents and 11 adolescent soccer players, both groups aged about 15 years. An assessment of nutrient intake was obtained by analysing 7 day food records collected by a questionnaire. Nitrogen excretion rate was determined and nitrogen balance was calculated from the mean daily protein intake and the urinary excretion. The results showed that the nutritional status of the two groups was similar. Nevertheless, we found that their diets were quite inappropriate in terms of the intakes of carbohydrate, some minerals (zinc, calcium, magnesium), vitamins (A, B6, D) and fibre. A positive nitrogen balance was observed from a mean protein intake of 1.57 g·kg^–1 body mass·day^–1 in these adolescents, whether they were non-active or athletes. Thus, the present investigation indicated that the growth and development in non-active adolescents and in adolescent soccer-players give rise to a need for a higher protein intake than is usually recommended. However, the higher protein requirements did not seem to be related only to the increased energy expenditure imposed by the exercise training in the soccer-player group. Electronic Publication     

空气SO2和NOx污染及灰色动态预测

目的：分析并预测上海火车站（上海站）地区空气SO2和NOx污染状况，方法：运用灰色系统方法并根据上海站大气监测点1988－1999年空气SO2和NOx的监测数据建立灰色动态预测模型并进行预测，结果：1988－1999年上海站地区空气SO2和NOx污染水平逐年下降，2000－2002年预测SO2平均浓度一，四季度为0．0216mg/m^3,二，三季度为 0．0142mg/m^3,预测NOx平均浓度一，四季度为0．0706mg/m^3，二，三季度为0．0492mg/m^3，结论：灰色模型适合上海站地区空气SO2和NOx的污染预测。     

Transformants of Neurospora crassa with the nit-4 nitrogen regulatory gene: copy number,growth rate and enzyme activity

Summary nit-4 is a pathway-specific regulatory gene which controls nitrate assimilation in Neurospora crassa, and appears to mediate nitrate induction of nitrate and nitrite reductase. The NIT4 protein consists of 1090 amino-acid residues and possesses a single GAL4-like putative DNA-binding domain plus acidic, glutaminerich, and polyglutamine regions. Several mutants with amino-acid substitutions in the putative DNA-binding domain and a nit-4 deletion mutant, which encodes a truncated NIT4 protein lacking the polyglutamine region, are functional, i.e., they are capable of transforming a nit-4 mutant strain. However, transformants obtained with most of these nit-4 mutant genes possess a markedly reduced level of nitrate reductase and grow only slowly on nitrate, emphasizing the need to examine quantitatively the affects of in vitro-manipulated genes. The possibility that some mutant genes could yield transformants only if multiple copies were integrated was examined. The presence of multiple copies of wild-type or mutant nit-4 genes did not generally lead to increased enzyme activity or growth rate, but instead frequently appeared to be detrimental to nit-4 function. A hybrid nit-4-nirA gene transforms nit-4 mutants but only allows slow growth on nitrate and has a very low level of nitrate reductase.     

婴儿手术前后能量代谢和氮平衡变化的初步观察

对24例1岁以内普外手术无并发症的病儿围手术期应用间接热卡计(Indirect Calorimetry)对静息能量消耗(REE)进行了测定,并对其中14例进行了手术前后氮平衡的观察。结果显示:1、术前REE与体重(r=0.93),体表面积(r=0.88),年龄(r=0.86)和身高(r=0.84)相关。2、手术前第1天及术后第1～5天的REE结果差异无显著性(P>0.05)。3、术后及早补充氮能不同程度地纠正负氮平衡,甚至获得正氮平衡。     

在空气二氧化氮的比色测定中影响转换系数的因素探讨

作者探讨了在 NO_2 比色测定中,NO_2 浓度、吸收液组成及采样流速对NO_2 转换系数的影响。结果表明,使用液体吸收法时,NO_2 转换系数随 NO_2浓度降低而增加,当NO_2 浓度小于 1 mg/m~3时,其增加更为显著。而使用TEA 浸渍滤纸吸收法时,在0.2～4.6mg/m~3 范围内,NO_2转换系数(k)与NO_2浓度(C)的关系可表示为k=0.026C+0.725。不同组成的吸收液转换系数不同;流速的增加使转换系数下降。     

吸入一氧化氮疗法对犬吸入性损伤毒副作用的预防

为评价吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对犬吸入性损伤毒副作用的影响和预防。将１７只犬随机分为对照和治疗组，均经烟雾吸入致伤后，对照组单纯吸Ｏ２；治疗组吸Ｏ２和ＮＯ混合气体。间断监测吸入混合气体中二氧化氨（ＮＯ２）浓度和动脉血变化。结果表明，ＮＯ２经钠石灰处理后比处理前降低８０．２％，治疗组动脉血高铁血红蛋白（ＭＨｂ）比对照组明显升高，在８和１２小时差异显著；动脉血浆亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２）和ＭＨｂ含量升高呈正相关。提示吸入ＮＯ疗法在混合气体中确实产生较高浓度ＮＯ２，动脉血ＭＨｂ浓度随吸入时间延长而逐渐升高     

脂质体包裹的氮芥对家兔急性实验性血清病的影响

本实验用脂质体包裹氮芥处理急性实验性血清病家兔,检测了血清抗BSA抗体,循环免疫复合物以及血清补体总活性的动态变化。观察了脾脏巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶的活性、肾小球内免疫复合物的沉积及肾组织的病理改变。结果表明,氮芥-脂质体能增强急性血清病家兔巨噬细胞的活性,加重肾组织的病理损伤程度,提示家兔急性实验性血清病的发病可能是依赖于单核巨噬细胞的免疫病理机制。     

Nitrogen sparing and the catabolic hormones in patients nursed at an elevated ambient temperature following major surgery

Fasted patients managed at an elevated ambient temperature following major surgery have reduced nitrogen excretion and body protein catabolism. To investigate the mechanism behind this three 24 h urine collections were made in 16 patients nursed for 48 h following aortobifemoral surgery on a Clinitrron fluidized bed at 32°C and analysed for total urinary nitrogen, cortisol and catecholamine excretion. Results were compared with a similar group of patients nursed throughtout on a standard ITU bed at 22°C. Patients mangaged at the elevated ambient temperature showed a significant reduction in the cumulative total urinary nitrogen (20.73 g±6.42 v 28.95 g±6.44; mean±S.D.;p<0.002) and cortisol excretion (1238 microg±436 v 2197 microg±844; mean±S.D.;p<0.001). Catecholamine excretion was also reduced but failed to achieve significance. There were significant correlations between cumulative total nitrogen excretion and both cortisol (r=+0.414;p=0.02;n=32) and noradrenalin (r=+0.369;p=0.05;n=32). These results confirm that the beneficial effect of an elevated ambient temperature on postoperative protein metabolism is brought about through a reduction in metabolic stress.     

2052例皮肤病冷冻治疗的经验与总结

我科自１９９２－１９９３年来，行冷冻治疗的门诊及住院病人共２０５２例，年龄最小２岁，最大７９岁，采用－９６℃液氮作为冷冻疗法的致冷物，使用青卫８０－１型液氮冷冻器做喷洒式冷冻及棉签接触法冷冻。通过冷冻治疗的临床实践，笔者认为，寻常疣，色素痣，尖锐湿疣，化脓性肉芽肿皮肤病采用冷冻疗法均取得了满意的疗效，而部分皮肤病，如太田痣、鲜红斑痣，纹身等疗效不满意，部分皮肤病如杨莓状血管瘤，尖锐湿疠等可合用其它     

阿奇霉素对哮喘二级预防的作用探讨

目的 通过检测炎性因子嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophile cationic protein,ECP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、一氧化氮(No)的变化探讨阿奇霉素对哮喘高危儿气道炎症的影响及其对哮喘二级预防的作用.方法 选择初次喘息发作的具有特应性体质的毛细支气管炎患儿共223例,所有患儿应用常规治疗(β<,2>受体激动剂口服平喘,抗病毒治疗),症状控制(喘息基本消失)后随机分成四组:A组(57例)应用阿奇霉素口服(5mg/kg,每周2次,连用3个月),B组(54例)应用布地奈德混悬液氧喷(1/2支,每天2次,连用3个月),C组(57例)应用孟鲁斯特咀嚼片口服(4mg,每晚1次,连用3个月),D组(55例)空白对照,仅对症治疗.A、B、C三组均治疗3个月,分别在住院当日、用药干预前、干预后抽取静脉血,利用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒检测各组患儿血清中ECP、IL-8的浓度,硝酸酶还原法测NO,临床门诊及电话随访一年.结果 (1)ECP、IL-8、NO水平在A、B、C三组用药干预前与D组比较,以及A、B、C三组之间比较差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性;(2)A、B、C三组ECP、IL-8、NO水平用药后均下降,D组也有所下降,A、B、C三组与D组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);A、B、C三组用药后ECP及NO下降水平,A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组下降幅度较大,与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);A、B、C三组用药后IL-8下降水平,A组幅度较大,与B、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).(3)3个月内喘息再次发作人数及一年后哮喘发生情况,A、B、C三组较D组均有所减少,但与D组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组与B、C两组比较差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 (1)阿奇霉素对哮喘高危儿的炎性细胞因子ECP、IL-8、NO具有下调作用,对IL-8的下调作用尤为明显.(2)阿奇霉素对哮喘高危儿的ECP、NO的下调作用与布地奈德相似,但与孟鲁斯特比较有差异,对IL-8的下调作用比布地奈德及孟鲁斯特明显.(3)阿奇霉素对哮喘的二级预防具有一定的临床意义.