[Translated article] Chemotherapy,Alopecia, and Scalp Cooling Systems

Chemotherapy-induced hair loss in cancer is usually temporary but can take a significant emotional toll on patients and lead to treatment refusal in many cases. Although hair loss is usually reversible, regrowth can take months, causing greater psychological distress. Recent years have seen the emergence of cold caps, or scalp cooling systems, designed to prevent or at least reduce chemotherapy-induced hair loss. The results to date are encouraging. We review the evidence on the effects and effectiveness of these systems, which are making their way into routine clinical practice.     

Effects of a projector-based hybrid virtual reality on pain in young children with burn injuries during hydrotherapy sessions: A within-subject randomized crossover trial

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of a water-friendly Projector-Based Hybrid Virtual Reality (VR) dome environment combined with standard pharmacological treatment on pain in young children undergoing burn wound care in hydrotherapy.MethodsThis study was a prospective, within-subject crossover trial of 38 children aged 6 months to 7 years old (mean age = 1.8 years old). Each hydrotherapy procedure was divided into two equivalent wound care segments (No hybrid VR during one segment vs. Hybrid VR during the other segment, treatment order was randomized). Pain was measured using the 0–10 FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability scale) and the 0–10 NRS-obs (Numerical Rating Scale-obs).ResultsProjector-Based Hybrid VR significantly reduced procedural pain levels measured by the FLACC (p = 0.026) and significantly increased patients' comfort levels (p = 0.002). Patients' pain levels rated by the nurses using the NRS-obs were non-significant between both groups (p = 0.135). No side effects were reported.ConclusionProjector-Based Hybrid VR helped in reducing the pain related to hydrotherapy procedures in young children with burn wound injuries. This is the first study using virtual reality distraction with young children, and our findings are especially important because a large percentage of pediatric burn patients are very young. Additional research and development are recommended.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02986464, registered on June 12, 2016.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Computed Tomography,and Radiographic Correlation of Nonunion of the Posteromedial Tubercle of the Talus: A Case Report

Fracture of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus is an uncommon injury that is often missed on plain radiographs. In the present report, we describe the case of an adult male with a chronic nonunited fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus after having undergone clinical and radiographic evaluation in a community hospital emergency department. A review of the computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and plain film radiographic findings associated with nonunion of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus is also presented.     

Weight-for-height Z-score improves in half of undernourished children hospitalized in surgical wards

BackgroundOverall, 10–15% of hospitalized children are undernourished. The present study focuses on pediatric surgical wards. We assessed the impact of undernutrition upon admission on the weight-for-height Z-score (Z-WFH) during hospitalization for surgery. Secondary aims were to investigate the influence of associated factors and to report on the use of nutritional support.MethodsAll children hospitalized for a surgical procedure between July 2015 and March 2016 were included in this monocentric, prospective study. Children were divided into two groups: whether the Z-WFH upon admission was below −2 standard deviations (undernourished) or not (not undernourished).ResultsA total of 161 of 278 eligible children were included; 27 were undernourished (17%). The change in Z-WFH during hospitalization was greater in undernourished children (0.31 ± 0.11 vs. −0.05 ± 0.05, P = 0.005). Of undernourished children, 49% recovered a Z-WFH above −2 SD during hospitalization. There was no difference between undernourished children and not undernourished children regarding age, length of hospital stay, pre- and post-operative duration of nil per os, duration of surgical procedure, ASA score, emergency level of the surgical procedure, and enteral/parenteral nutrition.ConclusionOur data suggest that the Z-WFH of undernourished children upon admission improved during hospitalization.     

TiNi和317L合金Ni离子释放速度的原子吸收谱法测定

用石墨炉原子吸收谱法测定了ＴｉＮｉ形状记忆合金及３１７Ｌ不锈钢在１％ＮａＣｌ生理盐水中Ｎｉ离子释放速度。结果表明，随浸泡时间延长，浸泡液中的Ｎｉ离子浓度有规律地连续增加。计算得到抛光态的ＴｉＮｉ记忆合金和３１７Ｌ不锈钢Ｎｉ离子释放速度分别为１．４４×１０－３μｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ和１．２９×１０－３μｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ。文中最后还讨论了原子吸收谱法在研究金属生物材料腐蚀性能方面的适用性。     

两种口腔镍铬合金离子析出的体外实验研究

目的 研究Heraenium S与TILITE P两种口腔镍铬合金在唾液pH值和成分变化时离子析出行为。方法 将两种合金试件在pH6墙正常唾液环境中浸泡一周，再用pH4的酸性及酸性加0．1％F^-的人工唾液处理两小时，之后回到正常唾液环境中浸泡一周，观察其在处理前、后镍离子的析出和表面理化状态的改变。结果 ①在正常唾液环境中HeraeniumS合金镍离子的析出量大于TILITEP合金；②pH降低和氟化物的加入增大了两种合金镍离子的析出量，其中TILITEP合金大于HeraeniumS合金；③在短暂的pH降低和加入氟化物后再回到正常唾液环境中，TILITEP合金的镍离子析出量大于HeraeniumS合金；并且在合金表面可以观察到形态学上的腐蚀破坏。结论 口腔镍铬合金的镍离子析出受到口腔环境动态变化的影响，TILITEP合金对环境改变的敏感性曼大。