常规与隔日生酮饮食干预对新生期反复惊厥大鼠神经行为损伤的比较研究

目的比较常规与隔日生酮饮食对新生期反复惊厥大鼠神经行为损伤的干预作用。方法采用随机数表法将48只日龄8d的Sprague—Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分成四组：单纯对照组、单纯惊厥组、惊厥＋常规生酮饮食组、惊厥＋隔日生酮饮食组,每组12只。通过三氟乙醚反复吸入建立新生期大鼠反复惊厥模型。各组大鼠禁饮食1d后,于日龄28d给予饮食干预并于日龄28d、35d检测血酮。于日龄35d进行神经行为测评（平面翻正测试、悬崖回避测试、负向趋地测试）。结果（1）平面翻正测试：单纯惊厥组平面翻正时间[（0．17±0．39）s]较单纯对照组[（0．67±0．49）s]明显缩短（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋常规生酮饮食组平面翻正时间[（0．5±0．52）s]较单纯惊厥组[（0．17±0．39）s]明显延长（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋隔日生酮饮食组[（0．17±0．39）s]与单纯惊厥组[（0．17±0．39）s]相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）悬崖回避测试：单纯惊厥组[（12．58±4．83）s]较单纯对照组[（1．92±0．90）s]悬崖回避时间明显延长（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋常规生酮饮食组[（3．33±1．50）s]较单纯惊厥组[（12．58±4．83）S]时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋隔日生酮饮食组[（5．58±1．93）s]较单纯惊厥组[（12．58±4．83）s]时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋隔日生酮饮食组[（5．58±1．93）s]与惊厥＋常规生酮饮食组[（3．33±1．50）s]相比时间明显延长（P〈0．05）。（3）负向趋地测试：单纯惊厥组[（3．17＋1．70）s]较单纯对照组[（1．42±0．67）S]时间明显延长（P〈O．05）;惊厥＋常规生酮饮食组[（1．42±0．52）s]较单纯惊厥组[（3．17±1．70）S]时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;惊厥＋隔日生酮饮食组[（2．33±0．78）s]与单纯惊厥组[（3．17±1．70）s]相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论常规生酮饮食和隔日生酮饮食都可改善新生期大鼠反复惊厥所致的神经行为损伤,常规生酮饮食的干预效果优于隔日生酮饮食。     

Overview of toxicological aspects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: a flame-retardant additive in several consumer products

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants due to their long half-life and widespread use as flame retardants in several consumer products, including plastics. In addition to other actions, these compounds are characterized as thyroid hormone disruptors. Thyroid hormones affect the function of nearly all tissues via their effects on cellular metabolism and the essential roles they play in differentiation and growth. Interference with thyroid hormone homeostasis by these environmental compounds, therefore, has the potential to impact development and every system in the body. Their presence in human breast milk is particularly troubling due to exposure of nursing children. The last trimester of pregnancy up to 2 years of age corresponds to a time of rapid neurodevelopment and represents a period of vulnerability to environmental insults. Rodent studies indicate that PBDEs may act as developmental neurotoxicants and effects on the reproductive system have been reported as well. Concerns exist regarding possible impacts of exposure, in particular ones which occur during development, on human health. This paper is part of a series of articles regarding contaminants in plastic and provides an overview regarding PBDEs, a class of flame-retardant additives to plastic. PBDEs possess a similar structure to the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) previously used as lubricants in electrical generators and transformers until production was prohibited approximately 25 years ago. Parallels between the two compounds will be briefly made and in particular, as more epidemiological studies on PCBs are available than on PBDEs, a few examples concerning thyroid homeostasis, cognitive function and sexually dimorphic behavior in humans will be mentioned.     

汞接触与神经行为功能关系的meta分析

目的：综合分析汞接触对神经行为功能改变的效应关系，取得敏感性行为指标。方法：采用meta分析对国内1994～2,003年发表的有关汞接触与神经行为关系的文献进行汇总、归纳和定量综合分析。结果：除目标追踪外，其余各项行为指标得分接触组与对照组差异显著，行为效应大小均大于0．2。结论：在神经行为测试中，数字译码、视觉保留、疲劳、数字跨度、紧张和反应速度是较敏感的指标。     

铅污染地区学龄儿童血铅水平与智商及神经行为功能关系的研究

通过对铅污染地区学龄儿童血铅水平与其智商及神经行为功能关系的调查后发现，高铅组儿童智商测验得分均低于低铅组（Ｐ＞０．０５），而按性别分层并以高低血铅分组分析后发现，铅对智商影响有性别间差别显著性；此外，铅污染地区和非铅污染区儿童视觉品质、闪光融合和视觉运动反应时的测定，两地区间存在着差别显著性，说明铅对学龄儿童的神经行为功能有不良影响。     

氯仿的毒性及车间卫生标准研究

我国氯仿职业接触人群主要分布于有机玻璃粘合、有机物萃取和致冷剂合成作业。在无通风排毒设备条件下,作业点空气中氯仿浓度范围为4.27～147.91mg/m~3。调查表明,长期接触29.51mg/m~3可致接触者出现乏力、嗜唾、心悸等不适症状,肝脏蛋白合成功能受到一定影响;接触者消极性情感明显增强,注意力、记忆能力、感知能力和反应速度受到影响。雄性大鼠亚急性吸入592mg/m~3氯仿后肝脏发生可逆性功能变化。据此,提出氯仿的最高容许浓度建议值为20mg/m~3。‘     

接触低浓度TNT工人的神经行为改变及生物学监测

目的探讨长期接触低浓度ＴＮＴ的神经行为学效应及生物学监测指标。方法应用ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ测定接触ＴＮＴ工人的早期神经行为改变并收集工人班末尿,测定尿中２,６－二硝基－４－氨基甲苯（ＤＮＡＴ）的含量。结果（１）长期接触低浓度ＴＮＴ可影响神经行为。主要表现为惰性情绪增加,记忆及运动稳定性降低。（２）尿ＤＮＡＴ含量明显增加,与ＮＣＴＢ得分存在一定接触－效应关系。结论神经行为学测试可作为检测ＴＮＴ接触工人早期影响的检测指标。ＮＣＴＢ得分与尿ＤＮＡＴ含量间具有较好相关性,尿ＤＮＡＴ含量可以反映工人的接触水平     

Glucocorticoid receptor activation selectively influence performance of Wistar rats in Y-maze

Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are ubiquitously expressed in metazoans. Different and contrasting phenotypes have been reported upon their activation. This study investigated the behavioral phenotypes characteristic of GR stimulation in male Wistar rats. Rats in each of the four groups of rats received one of the following treatments: distilled water (control) or one of three doses of dexamethasone (treatment) injected intraperitoneally for 7?days. The Rats were afterwards subjected to the Y maze, the elevated plus maze (EPM), the Morris water maze (MWM), and the novel object recognition (NOR) test. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized and neural activity from the prefrontal cortex recorded. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture to evaluate the levels of plasma insulin and glucose, and the prefrontal cortexes excised to determine the levels of insulin, markers of oxidative stress, and calcium in the homogenate.This study showed that treatment with dexamethasone significantly reduced the total and percentage alternation in the Y maze, but had no significant effect on object recognition in the NOR test, long-term and short-term spatial memory in the MWM, or anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. Plasma and brain insulin and calcium levels were elevated moderately following treatment with the lowest dose of dexamethasone. All doses of dexamethasone decreased brain superoxide dismutase and increased lactate dehydrogenase levels. No significant change in neural activity was observed.This study shows that activation of glucocorticoid receptors differentially affects different behavioral paradigms and provides evidence for a role for glucocorticoids in mediating insulin function in the brain.     

Correlation of Quantitative Texture Analysis of Cranial Ultrasound With Later Neurobehavior in Preterm Infants

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between a quantitative texture analysis of early neonatal brain ultrasound images and later neurobehavior in preterm infants. A prospective cohort study including 120 preterm (<33 wk of gestational age) infants was performed. Cranial ultrasound images taken early after birth were analyzed in six regions of interest using software based on texture analysis. The resulting texture scores were correlated with the Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale (NBAS) at term-equivalent age. The ability of texture scores, in combination with clinical data and standard ultrasound findings, to predict the NBAS results was evaluated. Texture scores were significantly associated with all but one NBAS domain and better predicted NBAS results than clinical data and standard ultrasound findings. The best predictive value was obtained by combining texture scores with clinical information and ultrasound standard findings (area under the curve = 0.94). We conclude that texture analysis of neonatal cranial ultrasound-extracted quantitative features that correlate with later neurobehavior has a higher predictive value than the combination of clinical data with abnormalities in conventional cranial ultrasound.     

浓缩铀235U脑内污染对新生大鼠神经行为发育的影响

采用多项指标研究2 3 5U对新生大鼠神经行为的影响 ,新生大鼠 (<2 4h)侧脑室单次注入 2 μl不同浓度的2 35U ,各剂量组的浓度分别为 0 ,1,5 ,10 μg/ 2 μl,观察α辐射体对新生大鼠早期神经行为发育的影响。其结果在各组中 ,张耳、体毛生长、萌牙时间未见明显差异 ;而开眼时间、游泳运动、听觉惊愕、向亲性行为和 4种生理性反射如负趋地性、平面翻正、抓握反射、空中翻正在不同剂量污染组中均有延迟 ,并有剂量反应依赖关系。提示2 3 5U脑内污染新生大鼠后可导致神经行为发育延迟     

自发性高胆固醇血症小鼠神经行为学评估

目的　观察近交系自发性高胆固醇血症（ＮＪＳ）小鼠的神经行为学特征，探讨高胆固醇血症小鼠的行为学特征。方法　采用探究试验（过障数、爬立数）、斜板试验、雄性小鼠群居喂养等方法来测定ＮＪＳ小鼠的行为特征，并与ＩＣＲ小鼠的测定结果相比较。结果　两品系小鼠行为学特征有统计学差异，ＮＪＳ小鼠的探究活动明显较ＩＣＲ小鼠强（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５），运动平稳能力也较ＩＣＲ小鼠强（ Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。并且ＮＪＳ小鼠的群居优势特征表现得十分明显，行为特征表现为好奇、好动、好斗、攻击性强。结论ＮＪＳ小鼠的特殊的行为特征是与高胆固醇血症相伴而生的，两者可能有共同的生物遗传学基础。