多原发癌组织中p53 表达状况研究

 目的 研究多原发癌组织中的p53蛋白表达状况，探讨抑癌基因p53在多原发癌的发生、发展中的意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测21例双原发癌组织中的p53蛋白表达。结果 21例患者中，第一癌和第二癌p53均阳性者9例(42．85％，9／21)，仅一次p53阳性者9例(42．85％，9／21)，两次均阴性者3例(14．12％，3／21)。结论 抑癌基因p53在多原发癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用，对这些发现的意义值得进一步研究。     

PICC 与颈内静脉插管在肿瘤患者化疗中的应用比较

 目的 比较经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉插管（PICC）和颈内静脉插管在肿瘤患者化疗中的优缺点。方法 观察34例PICC插管和30例颈内静脉插管的插管成功率、穿刺时间、导管留置时间、液体流速和穿刺并发症。结果 与颈内静脉插管相比较，发现PICC插管的一次成功率较高，为88．2％（P〈0．05），穿刺时间较短，平均操作时间为13．38±5分钟（P〈0．01），导管留置时间明显延长，平均128天（P〈0．01）。PICC导管的主要并发症为导管堵塞、周围静脉炎和导管相关感染，颈内静脉导管的主要并发症为导管相关感染和误入动脉。结论 PICC和颈内静脉插管均存在各自的优缺点。与颈内静脉插管相比，PICC是一种较为安全、易于掌握的插管方法，对于长期化疗或静脉输液的病人，应首选PICC插管。     

A CLINICAL STUDY ON PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS WITH cDNA MACROARRAY

Objective: To diagnose prostatic cancer (CAP) with cDNA macroarray. Methods: Total RNA was isolated from patients with prostate cancer and from normal people, and poly(A) RNA was further purified. Then differentially expressed genes were analysed in CaP and normal prostate by cDNA macroarray system. Results: There were differential expressions of nine prostate-associated specific genes in CaP as compared with normal prostate, among which, 7 were significantly up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated. Conclusion: As a diagnostic approach at molecular level, the cDNA macroarray is supposed to elevate the detection rate of CaP.     

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: MR and angiographic findings

Objective. To present the MR and angiographic findings of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). Design and patients. MR examinations (12 tumors of 10 patients) of ASPS performed at multiple hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The tumors were found in the thigh (n=4), lower leg (n=4), femur (n=2, local metastasis), scalp (n=1) and arm (n=1). The MR signal characteristics including signal intensity, homogeneity and signal void of lesions and bony invasion including direct invasion or local metastasis were evaluated. Angiographic findings (n=4) and post-embolotherapy follow-up MR imaging (n=2) findings were also assessed. Results. Local bony metastasis was found in two cases. Seven tumors showed heterogeneous high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images with good enhancement. One tumor had a very high signal on T1-weighted images. Eight tumors (67%) showed numerous signal voids in or near the tumors. All four angiographic studies showed numerous enlarged vessels, arteriovenous shunts and delayed washout. Two cases mimicked arteriovenous malformations on angiographic studies but MR images demonstrated solid soft tissue components as well as tortuous vessels. Conclusions. High signal on T1-weighted image and numerous signal voids are highly suggestive of ASPS, although they are not universal as has been suggested and arteriovenous malformation should be included in the differential diagnosis. Local bony metastases in ASPS were seen in two cases and should be carefully investigated. Received: 12 April 2000 Revision requested: 27 June 2000, 8 August 2000 Revision received: 2 August 2000, 21 August 2000 Accepted: 22 August 2000     

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 is a specific protein related to nodal metastasis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma

Metastasis is a major cause of cancer recurrence or death. This study attempted to quantitatively identify different proteins in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. The N/T quotient [number of metastatic lymph nodes (n)/tumor diameter (cm)] was used to select samples with an extreme metastatic phenotype. Among the six fresh frozen lung adenocarcinoma specimens, the three showing the highest N/T quotient represented the metastatic group, and others with the greatest tumor diameters without metastasis represented the non-metastatic group. After 2-dimensional electrophoresis, the significantly different protein spots were selected by image analysis and analyzed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 isoform c (ACOT8) was one of most overexpressed proteins in the metastatic group, and it was validated by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining on 108 paraffin-embedded tumor samples. High ACOT8 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), recurrence (p = 0.034), predominant histologic subtypes (p = 0.007), and higher stage (p = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, high ACOT8 expression was significantly associated with increased risks of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009) and cancer-related death (p = 0.030), independent of clinical factors. ACOT8 may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of lung adenocarcinoma.     

Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio of Central Neck Compartment Has Predictive Values for Locoregional Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the significance of metastatic lymph node ratio (the ratio between the metastatic lymph node and the harvested lymph nodes; MLNR) in the central neck for the prediction of locoregional recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.MethodsAfter reviewing medical records of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who received total thyroidectomy with central neck node dissection, 573 consecutive adult patients were enrolled in this study, with a follow-up period of more than 36 months. Regarding the risk of recurrence, multivariate analyses were performed with the following variables; sex, age, multiplicity of the primary tumor, presence of pathological extrathyroidal extension, the level of postoperative stimulated serum thyroglobulin, the number of harvested lymph nodes, the number of lymph node metastasis and MLNR.ResultsThe MLNR showed a predictive significance for the locoregional recurrence (P<0.05). Most recurrences were occurred in the lateral neck (n=12, 80%) with a median interval of 20 months. The lowest cutoff value of the MLNR for a meaningful separation of disease recurrence was 0.44 (hazard ratio, 8.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.49 to 52.58; P=0.001).ConclusionWhen the MLNR is higher than 0.44, there is an increased risk of locoregional recurrence mostly in the lateral neck. Therefore, MLNR of the central neck in a permanent or frozen biopsy may be helpful in decision making in the extent of thyroidectomy and/or the need for contralateral central neck lymph nodes dissection.     

Trajectories of sleep quality during the first three years after breast cancer diagnosis

ObjectiveTo identify trajectories of sleep quality up to three years after breast cancer diagnosis and to assess differences in characteristics of patients across distinct trajectories.MethodsA total of 458 breast cancer patients underwent a neurological evaluation before treatment and at one and three years after diagnosis. Clinical data were obtained throughout the follow-up. Anxiety and depression were evaluated at baseline, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In all sessions of follow-up, sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Model-based clustering was used to identify groups of patients with homogeneous variation in sleep quality.ResultsWe identified three trajectories of variation in sleep quality, named “low” (LSQ), “medium” (MSQ), and “high sleep quality” (HSQ). Women in the HSQ trajectory presented good sleep quality during the three years. LSQ and MSQ trajectories were characterized by poor sleep quality during the whole period, although during the first year the latter depicted a significant deterioration of sleep quality and the former a significant improvement. Patients included in the LSQ trajectory were more likely to have clinically significant anxiety and depression at baseline. The two trajectories with worse sleep quality were associated with neuropathic pain three years after cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study provides a model for describing the variation in sleep quality during the first three years after breast cancer diagnosis, based on three main trajectories. Further studies are needed understanding the heterogeneity of the individual trajectories within each of these major patterns of variation.     

~1H-MRS对肺癌脑转移瘤患者放疗疗效的评价

目的:通过测量肺癌脑转移瘤瘤体放射治疗前后MRS代谢物浓度,探讨1 H-MRS代谢物浓度的变化对肺癌脑转移瘤放疗疗效评价的价值。方法:选取经临床及影像学证实的原发性肺癌脑转移患者,患者于放疗前、后均行MRI增强扫描及MRS。将放疗后脑转移瘤的代谢物浓峰比值Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA行配对t检验,同时在治疗前后对肺癌脑转移患者进行Karnofsky(卡氏,KPS,百分法)功能状态评分,将放疗前后脑转移瘤瘤体代谢物比值的变化与KPS评分的变化进行相关性分析。结果:放疗前后转移瘤各峰比值的差值(d)为1.92±0.58,通过对d行正态性检验,2组间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.020 7)。结论:1 H-MRS可定量评估肺癌脑转移患者的治疗效果,对其疗效判定有一定的参考价值。     

Application of Various Additional Imaging Techniques for Thyroid Ultrasound: Direct Comparison of Combined Various Elastography and Doppler Parameters to Gray-Scale Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

This study was conducted to evaluate the role in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules of various elastographic and Doppler parameters when added to gray-scale ultrasonography (US). One-hundred seventy-one thyroid nodules (63 malignant, 108 benign) in 169 patients were included. Elastography (strain and shear wave elastography) and Doppler (power Doppler, superb microvascular imaging and microflow imaging) images of the same thyroid nodule were obtained using a single US machine. The diagnostic performance parameters of gray-scale US with and without elastography and those of Doppler US were calculated and compared. The specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy of gray-scale US were significantly higher than those of US combined with elastographic parameters (all p values?<?0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for gray-scale US was 0.877, significantly higher than that for US combined with elastography patterns, shear wave elastography ratio (all p values?<?0.05) and Doppler parameters. Adding additional imaging modalities such as elastography and Doppler does not improve the diagnostic performance of gray-scale US in differentiating thyroid nodules.