丹参治疗新生儿缺氧缺血眭脑病57例临床分析

目的观察丹参注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床效果。方法将2006年1月至2008年5月95例HIE患儿随机分为两组,治疗组57例,对照组38例。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用丹参注射液,比较两组疗效。结果治疗组与对照组比较,原始反射、肌张力、惊厥、脑水肿等恢复时间均有明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论丹参注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血陛脑病有显著疗效：     

A scanning protocol for a sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interface

Auditory size perception refers to the ability to make accurate judgements of the size of a sound source based solely upon the sound emitted from the source. Electro-physiological and behavioural data were collected to test whether sound-source size parameters are detected from task-irrelevant sequences in adults and newborn infants. The mismatch negativity (MMN) obtained from adults indexed automatic detection of changes in size for voices, musical instruments and animal calls, regardless of whether the acoustic change indicated larger or smaller sources. Neonates detected changes in the size of a musical instrument. The data are consistent with the notion that auditory size-deviant detection in humans is an innate automatic process. This conclusion is compatible with the theory that the ability to assess the size of sound sources evolved because it provided selective advantage of being able to detect larger (more competent) suitors and larger (more dangerous) predators.     

高胆红素血症新生儿63例肾功能状况的追踪观察

目的追踪观察高胆红素血症新生儿肾功能损害的变化规律,探讨高胆红素血症新生儿肾功能损害的预后和转归。方法对63例高胆红素血症（高胆组）和30例非高胆红素血症（非高胆组）的新生儿出生后第3天进行血尿素氮、肌酐和血β2-微球蛋白测定,并对高胆组新生儿出生后第7、10、14、21天进行血B：．微球蛋白测定。结果出生后第3天高胆组血β2-微球蛋白（4．43±0．8）mg·L^-1高于非高胆组（1．50±0．26）mg·L^-1,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;且中度高胆组（4．54±0．22）mg·L^-1。高于轻度高胆组（3．49±0．29）mg·L^-1,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;重度高胆组（5．34±0．16）mg·L^-1。高于中度高胆组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。轻、中、重度高胆组血β2-微球蛋白浓度分别在出生后第10、14、21天降至正常范围。高胆组血胆红素水平与血β2-微球蛋白浓度经线性相关分析呈高度直线正相关（r=0．96,P〈0．01）。结论新生儿高胆红素血症时血β2-微球蛋白明显增高,存在肾小球滤过率的下降,并随着血胆红素浓度的增加而加剧,高胆程度越重其恢复越慢,但高胆所至的肾功能损害是暂时性的,预后良好。     

新生儿听力障碍常见危险因素及听力筛查方法研究进展

听力障碍严重影响新生儿言语和识字能力发育,阻碍儿童社交、认知和学习。影响新生儿听力的因素众多,发病机制和特点各异。新生儿的听力障碍非遗传因素主要包括早产、低出生体质量、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿缺氧、感染、耳毒性药物用药史等;遗传因素主要包括GJB2、GJB3、SLC26A4和线粒体基因MT-RNR1变异。耳声发射、自动听觉脑干反应和声导抗检查的联合应用可有效提高新生儿听力障碍筛查的准确率,有助于早期诊断和干预。     

Patent ductus arteriosus ligation in neonates: preoperative predictors of poor postoperative outcomes

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative predictors of adverse outcomes in infants undergoing surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Methods

Charts of all neonates who underwent PDA ligation at Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, TX) between 2001 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed with specific attention to preoperative clinical characteristics, echocardiographic details, operative morbidity, and postoperative outcomes. Infants with other cardiac anomalies or right-to-left or bidirectional PDA shunt were excluded.

Results

Eighty-two neonates were included (mean gestational age, 27 weeks; mean birth weight, 1000 g). There were no intraoperative complications. Preoperative symptoms related to respiratory insufficiency, hypotension, apnea, and pulmonary edema improved after ligation (P < .001). Birth weight, age at ligation, and indomethacin use did not correlate with postoperative outcome; however, lower gestational age, lower blood pressure, and lower shunt peak velocity predicted longer time to extubation by multiple analysis techniques (P < .0001). Linear regression (controlling for gestation, birth weight, and mean arterial pressure) showed inverse correlation between peak velocity and postoperative days on the ventilator (95% confidence interval, 47.18 to −12.25; P = .001).

Conclusion

The PDA ligation can be accomplished safely; however, some neonates have prolonged recovery. Lower gestational age and low peak velocity (<2.6 m/s) at the PDA shunt correlate with lengthened ventilator requirement after surgery.     

Vacuum-assisted closure for complicated neonatal abdominal wounds

Background

Neonatal experience in vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) for complex abdominal wounds remains scant.

Methods

A neonatal VAC protocol was instituted in 2004. The medical records of patients treated with this protocol for the ensuing 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Continuous data are reported as mean ± SD (range).

Results

Ten VAC applications occurred in 8 neonates for a 3-year period. Gestational age and age at VAC application were 30 ± 6.9 (24-40) weeks and 84.5 ± 51 (21-165) days, respectively. Birth weight and weight at VAC application were 1495 ± 1118 (615-3415) g and 3515 ± 2118 (989-7965) g, respectively. All wound complications occurred after laparotomies (7 elective, 3 emergent). Three wounds included intestinal stomas, and 3 included enterocutaneous fistulae. Average wound area at VAC initiation was 13.6 ± 6.0 (8.5-25) cm². Duration of VAC use was 19.1 ± 15.3 (7-60) days. Vacuum-assisted closure resulted in complete wound closure in all cases and did not result in any local or systemic complications. Five patients (63%) survived to discharge.

Conclusions

Vacuum-assisted closure for complicated abdominal wounds is safe and successful in neonates of any gestational age and birth weight. It provides effective wound management, even in the presence of stomas or enterocutaneous fistulae.     

新生儿和小婴儿危重先天性心脏病急诊手术

目的探讨新生儿和小婴儿危重先天性心脏病急诊手术的必要性及提高手术疗效的措施。方法收集新生儿和小婴儿危重先天性心脏病55例的急诊手术资料，男性35例，女性20例。患儿术前有反复肺炎心衰史或持续缺氧发作，其中动脉导管未闭（PDA）合并肺动脉高压（PH）3例、室间隔缺损（VSD）伴肺动脉高压34例、室间隔缺损（VSD）合并房间隔缺损（ASD）8例、室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭4例、严重肺动脉狭窄（PS）合并房间隔缺损4例、法洛四联症（TOF）2例，均行急诊手术治疗。结果术后并发气胸3例、呼吸机相关性肺炎2例、拔管后再插管3例、低心排2例、术后早期严重心功能不全合并有毛细血管渗漏综合征3例，常规治疗下仍少尿或无尿，持续3-5h，肺内渗出增多，中心静脉压进行性上升，均行腹膜透析治疗。全组病例51例痊愈出院，死亡4例。结论新生儿和小婴儿危重先天性心脏病急诊手术效果较好。合理的围手术期管理、合适的体外循环方法及手术方案是提高手术成功率的关键。     

Alloimmune Neonatal Thrombocytopenia and Hydrocephalus

ABSTRACT. In 27 mothers to infants with hydrocephalus determinations of platelet antigen Zwa, HLA-typing and ABO-typing were performed in order to evaluate whether undiagnosed alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia (AINT) could be an aetiological factor in hydrocephalus. All mothers were Zwa-positive, and the frequency of HLA-antigens and ABO-antigens was as in the normal population. Though sporadic cases of hydrocephalus following AINT are reported, this is not a common cause of intracranial haemorrhage and hydrocephalus.     

新生儿乙肝疫苗的兔疫效果观察

本文报道279名母亲HBV感染状态不同的5组新生儿应用不同剂量乙肝疫苗后的免疫阻断及免疫应答。结果显示各组新生儿免疫后均获得较高的抗-HBs阳转率及抗体水平。使用30—30—30μg乙肝疫苗阻断母亲HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性产妇的新生儿,保护率为78.9％;使用30—30—30μg和30—10—10μg阻断母亲HBsAg单阳性产妇的新生儿,前者新生儿HBsAg均阴性,后者保护率达80.2％;使用30—10—10μg和10—10—10μg免疫HBV阴性母亲的新生儿,抗体平均滴度分别为349.33IU/L和207.61IU/L。二者差异无显著性。通过观察认为对HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性母亲的新生儿应用30—30—30μg,HBsAg单阳性母亲新生儿应用30—10—10μg,HBV阴性母亲新生儿应用10—10—10μg为宜。     

正常新生儿颅脑CT研究

目的:探讨正常新生儿颅脑CT影像特点,以提高新生儿颅脑疾病特别是缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的CT诊断水平。材料与方法:从非因HIE进行颅脑CT扫描的新生儿中选取无异常发现者76例作为正常组,与86例因HIE行颅脑CT扫描患者做对比,两组对比检测脑实质密度CT值,对正常新生儿组硬膜窦密度,灰白质分界,脑室及脑外间隙大小、形态进行分析、测定。结果:正常新生儿脑白质密度偏低,CT值19.4-28HU,最低值为20HU,脑白质边缘多呈“枫叶”状,脑灰质CT值26.6-38.2HU,脑灰质具备成人沟和回,但较成人薄,HIE脑白质低密度灶绝大部分CT值小于18HU,低密度灶边缘表现为杵状。结论:认识正常新生儿颅脑CT表现特点是诊断新生儿颅脑疾病特别是诊断HIE的基础。