乳腺癌化疗HBV再激活患者肝功能水平及其影响因素

目的调查乳腺癌化疗患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)再激活和肝功能受损情况,分析影响HBV再激活的影响因素。方法选择2015年1月-2019年12月在焦作市人民医院及郑州大学第一附属医院(以下简称郑大一附院)接受化疗治疗的298例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,根据患者化疗期间是否发生HBV再激活,分为HBV激活组60例和HBV未激活组238例。回顾性分析两组患者入院的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、化疗方案、是否使用激素治疗、基线乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)和基线HBV DNA等资料,归纳乳腺癌化疗患者HBV再激活的影响因素。分别于化疗前后,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBiL)水平和HBsAg、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体(HBcAb)、HBeAg和乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(HBeAb)滴度,实时荧光PCR法检测HBV DNA,评估患者的肝功能损伤。结果 298例乳腺癌患者化疗后出现HBV再激活60例(20.13%)。HBV激活组患者化疗后血清HBsAg滴度、HBeAg滴度、ALT、AST和TBiL高于化疗前(P<0.05);HBV激活组患者化疗后的HBsAg滴度、HBeAg滴度、ALT、AST和TBiL变化水平分别为(2 786.43±157.69)IU/ml、(64.87±6.15)IU/ml、(50.63±7.97)U/L、(44.72±6.82)U/L和(13.42±1.83)μmol/L,明显高于HBV未激活组(P<0.05);基线HBV DNA阳性(OR=1.992,P=0.025)、基线AST升高(OR=1.923,P=0.037)和基线ALT升高(OR=2.063,P=0.012)是乳腺癌化疗患者HBV再激活的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌化疗HBV再激活患者的肝功能损伤发生率明显升高,临床需重点关注化疗患者的肝功能和HBV DNA水平。     

强化护理在儿童急性白血病鞘内注射中的应用效果

目的探讨强化护理在儿童急性白血病鞘内注射治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2019年5月至2020年6月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区行鞘内注射治疗的90例急性白血病患儿作为研究对象,按照入院时间将其分为A组(45例)与B组(45例)。A组采用常规护理方法,B组采用强化护理方法。比较两组的不良反应发生情况、家长满意度、护理质量。结果B组不良反应发生率低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组家长总满意度高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组护理质量高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用强化护理模式可缓解患儿鞘内注射治疗不良反应,减轻患儿痛苦,促进治疗顺利完成,提高家长满意度,改善护理质量,应用效果较好。     

Rb蛋白在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）细胞Rb蛋白的表达与临床化疗的关系,方法：采用免疫细胞化学S－P法,借助抗Rb蛋白单抗,对47例多发性骨髓瘤患者进行了检测,结果：47例中有11例（11／47）呈阴性表达,阴性表达率30．6％,免疫人型各亚型之间差异显著无显著性（P＞0．05）,所有患者采用常规化疗方案化疗个疗程,Rb蛋白阴性组化疗有效率为36．4％,而Rb蛋白阳性组总有效率为77．9％,两组比较差异显著（P＜0．05）,多变量分析显示,除去血清β2－微球蛋白,乳酸脱氨酶,肌酐三因素对化疗结果的影响,Rb蛋白阴性可作为影响化疗疗效的独立负性因素,结论：Rb蛋白阴性表达在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中较易见,且Rb蛋白不表达者对化疗疗效差。     

瑞血新治疗肿瘤放化疗中白细胞减少临床研究

目的探讨瑞血新(rhG-CSF)治疗因放化疗而引起的白细胞减少的作用。方法应用瑞血新治疗65例恶性肿瘤在放、化疗引起的白细胞减少,并与应用一般升白细胞药物(中成药)治疗58例恶性肿瘤所致白细胞减少进行了对比观察。结果瑞血新和一般升白细胞药物均能使放、化疗白细胞下降的患者恢复至正常范围(4×109/L),但应用瑞血新组白细胞回升到正常的平均时间为3.5d,而一般对照组需要11.2d,瑞血新组最低值为(2.1×109/L),对照组最低值0.8×109/L(两者显著差异P＜0.01)。结果瑞血新与传统中药相比,能明显缩短白细胞回升到正常的时间,减轻白细胞下降的程度,有助于放化疗如期进行。     

白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病疗效观察

目的：比较白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病与单纯化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病的疗效。方法：采用前瞻性同期对照研究方法。结果：11例高白细胞急性白血病经白细胞清除术后化疗,CR率达54．5％,早期死亡率9％。单用化疗例,仅1例完全缓解,早期死亡3例（42．8％）。结论：白细胞清除术联合化疗治疗高白细胞急性白血病是目前较先进的一种方法。     

E（M）COP化疗方案治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的：探讨足叶乙甙或米托蒽醌联合化疗方案治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤的治疗效果。方法：应用ECOP方案（足叶乙甙,环磷酰胺,长春新碱,强的松）或MCOP方案（米托蒽醌,环磷酰胺,长春新碱,强的松）治疗23例非何杰金淋巴瘤,其中ⅡA2例,ⅢA3例,ⅢB3例,ⅣA4例,ⅣB11例,18例为初治病人,5例为复发病例。结果：全组完全缓解率（CR）13例占56．5％;部分缓解（PR）4例占17．4％,冲刷 有效率73．9％,其中初治18例,总有效率77．8％,复发5例,总有效率60％,ECOP方案治疗16例,CR率为56．5％（9／16）,PR为18．8％（3／16）,总有效率73．3％,MCOP方案治疗7例,CR率为57．1％（4／7）,部分缓解率14．3％（1／17）,总有效率71．4％,上述方案毒副作用有胃肠道反应,骨髓抑制,所有病例血象经间歇期应用或无G－CSF治疗均能恢复。结论：ECOP或MCOP方案是治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤有效而较安全的方案。     

鼻咽癌多药耐药表型与化疗效果关系的探讨

目的 :观察鼻咽癌患者多药耐药表型与化疗效果的关系。方法 :对 2 4例未经治疗的鼻咽癌患者 ,取鼻咽部活检标本 ,用免疫组化法抗P -糖蛋白 (P -gp)单克隆抗体 (JSB -Ⅰ )检测P -gp。全部患者均接受长春新碱、环磷酰胺和 5 -氟尿嘧啶联合方案的化疗。患者对化疗反应的评分 :有效者包括完全反应或部分反应 ;无效者包括稳定或恶化。结果 :2 4例治疗前鼻咽癌患者中 ,8例 (33 3% )检测出P -gp阳性 ,16例 (6 6 7% )P -gp阴性。 8例P -gp阳性患者对化疗反应有效者 2例(2 5 % ) ,无效者 6例 (75 % )。 16例P -gp阴性患者对化疗有效者 14例 (87 5 % ) ,无效者 2例 (12 5 % ) ,两者差别显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :以P -gp介导的多药耐药表型与鼻咽癌对化疗耐药之间存在有统计学意义的关系     

胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗的临床疗效比较

目的　评价胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗药物的临床疗效。方法　对 40例经病理确诊的胃癌患者 (治疗组 )于术中经供应肿瘤的区域动脉行插管化疗 ,同时进行手术治疗 ,并与同期术中行全身静脉化疗的 2 4例胃癌患者 (对照组 )进行临床疗效比较。结果　术后病理检查显示 ,治疗组原发灶中的癌细胞均有不同程度地变性坏死 ,其近期有效率为 95 % ,对照组有效率为 41.6 7% ,两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者术中经动脉灌注化疗 ,其近期抗癌效果好 ,毒副反应轻 ,对减少或防止术中癌细胞的医源性扩散与种植以及术后复发 ,均有重要的临床意义     

Ductal Prostate Cancers Demonstrate Poor Outcomes with Conventional Therapies

BackgroundDuctal prostate adenocarcinoma (DAC) is a rare, aggressive, histologic variant of prostate cancer that is treated with conventional therapies, similar to high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC).ObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of men undergoing definitive therapy for DAC or high-risk PAC and to explore the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in improving the outcomes of DAC.Design, setting, and participantsA single-center retrospective review of all patients with cT1–4/N0–1 DAC from 2005 to 2018 was performed. Those undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RTx) for DAC were compared with cohorts of high-risk PAC patients.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisMetastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models.Results and limitationsA total of 228 men with DAC were identified; 163 underwent RP, 34 underwent RTx, and 31 had neoadjuvant therapy prior to RP. In this study, 163 DAC patients and 155 PAC patients undergoing RP were compared. Similarly, 34 DAC patients and 74 PAC patients undergoing RTx were compared. DAC patients undergoing RP or RTx had worse 5-yr MFS (75% vs 95% and 62% vs 93%, respectively, p < 0.001) and 5-yr OS (88% vs 97% and 82% vs 100%, respectively, p < 0.05) compared with PAC patients. In the 76 men who received adjuvant/salvage ADT after RP, DAC also had worse MFS and OS than PAC (p < 0.01). A genomic analysis revealed that 10/11 (91%) DACs treated with ADT had intrinsic upregulation of androgen-resistant pathways. Further, none of the DAC patients (0/15) who received only neoadjuvant ADT prior to RP had any pathologic downgrading. The retrospective nature was a limitation.ConclusionsMen undergoing RP or RTx for DAC had worse outcomes than PAC patients, regardless of the treatment modality. Upregulation of several intrinsic resistance pathways in DAC rendered ADT less effective. Further evaluation of the underlying biology of DAC with clinical trials is needed.Patient summaryThis study demonstrated worse outcomes among patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate than among high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma patients, regardless of the treatment modality.     

Utilidad de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el carcinoma vesical músculo invasivo no metastásico

ObjectiveWe analyzed the profile of patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in stage pT2-4aN0M0, the tolerability and adherence of our cisplatin-based protocol and oncological outcomes.Material and methodsRetrospective observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with NACT. Clinical, histopathological, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The use of NACT was evaluated by the complete response in the surgical specimen (pT0). This and other pathological factors were related to overall survival and progression-free survival.ResultsWe included 90 patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (clinical stage T2a-T4aN0M0) who received a cisplatin-based NACT regimen between January 2011 and December 2018, prior to radical surgery. Forty percent of patients presented an adverse reaction, with a compliance with the NACT regimen of 92.2%. There were no deaths related to systemic treatment and no adverse reaction to treatment made radical cystectomy impracticable. After performing radical cystectomy, the presence of complete response (pT0) was observed in 20 patients (21%), lower stage in the surgical specimen (<pT2) in 36 patients (40%), positive surgical margins in 7 patients (8%), lymph node involvement (N1) in 16 patients (17.8%). A shorter time to progression was observed in the group of patients who did not achieve a complete pathological response (53 months vs. 83.1 in pT0 patients, P = 0.012), in patients with lymph node involvement compared to pN0 (65.4 vs. 28, 2 months, P = 0.014) and in those with positive surgical margins compared to those with tumor-free margins (63.5 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.021).ConclusionThe adequate selection of patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma has shown a good tolerance to NACT, with a high compliance rate prior to RC. The improvement in the complete response rate implies a greater survival in this group of patients, with lymph node involvement and positive surgical margins being important prognostic factors.