Protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of rodent malaria in CBA/Ca mice. IV. The specificity of mechanisms resulting in crisis and resolution of the primary acute phase parasitaemia of. Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and P. yoelii yoelii

Low numbers of parasites from cloned lines of the rodent malaria parasites, Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS and P. yoelii yoelii A, injected into CBA/Ca mice produce acute but usually self-limiting infections. During crisis, i.e. 1-2 days after peak parasitaemia, 'pre-immune' mice experiencing such 'background' infections were reinfected intravenously with homologous parasites or parasites of heterologous strains or species. P. c. chabaudi AS pre-immune mice controlled an AS challenge with essentially the same kinetics as the background infection. Reinfection of AS pre-immune mice with the heterologous (CB and IP-PCI) P. c. chabaudi strains or P. chabaudi adami DS had little effect on the initial growth of these parasites, although eventually the parasitaemia was controlled. In contrast, a partial inhibitory effect on the growth of P. vinckei lentum DS was evident. Challenge with the non-lethal (A) or lethal (YM) variants of P. y. yoelii resulted in an increase in both the growth and virulence of these parasites. P. y. yoelii A pre-immune mice controlled a homologous challenge, but were less effective at controlling the YM variant. In addition, they were unable to clear rapidly a P. c. chabaudi AS or P. v. lentum DS challenge. Both the multiplication and virulence of P. berghei ANKA were enhanced. These findings demonstrate that resolution of the primary acute parasitaemia in P. c. chabaudi AS- and P. y. yoelii A-infected mice is predominantly mediated by species- and strain-specific mechanisms.     

枸杞多糖对运动性骨骼肌疲劳恢复的细胞定量化学分析和电镜观察

通过小鼠实验，用枸杞多糖解除运动性骨骼肌疲劳，以显微分光光度计进行琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和糖原的定性定量分析，并于透射电镜下观察超微结构的变化。结果显示，运动疲劳(B)组糖原含量明显降低，各类肌纤维与对照(A)组比较P<0．001。SDH活性增加，各类肌纤维与A组比较P<0．001。服用枸杞多糖(C)组糖原含量增加，各类肌纤维与A组之较P<0．001；与B组比较P<0．001；SDH反应较B组更深，各类肌纤维与A组比较P<0．001，若与B组比较，则其中Ⅰ(慢肌)型和Ⅱ(中间肌)型P<0．001，而Ⅱ(快肌)型则P>0．05。超微结构显示，B组线粒体增多且体积明显增大，呈肿胀状态，C组全无此类改变，提示服用枸杞多糖后可解除疲劳，其中以Ⅰ(慢肌)型肌纤维效果尤佳。     

新型饮水对小鼠繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的　探讨新型饮水对健康的影响及其保健作用。方法　将矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水、碱性离子水等 5种新型饮水作为唯一水源分别喂饲亲代及子代小鼠 3个月 ,对照给予天然水。观察它们对小鼠体重、繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果　与天然水比较 ,活化水、矿溶生态水促进亲代雄性小鼠体重增长 (P <0 0 5) ;矿溶生态水使子代小鼠、矿泉水和碱性离子水使子代雄性小鼠体重增长缓慢 (P <0 0 5) ;纯净水使新生仔鼠体重减轻 (P <0 0 5) ,活化水、矿溶生态水使小鼠窝产仔数增多 (P <0 0 5) ,5种水对小鼠受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水使小鼠肝组织SOD活力升高 (P <0 0 5) ,碱性离子水使肝组织SOD活力降低 (P <0 0 5)。结论　 5种新型饮水对小鼠体重有影响 ,对受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水有提高SOD活力作用     

Cell proliferation in human tumours growing in nude mice: renal cell carcinomas,larynx and hypopharynx carcinomas

Summary Cell proliferation of 51 human renal cell carcinomas and 9 larynx and hypopharynx carcinomas has been studied in vitro and using xenotransplants. The proliferative activity ([³H]thymidine labelling index) increases during the first passages in nude mice and then remains almost constant throughout subsequent passages. A comparison of cell kinetic parameters of 8 human renal cell carcinomas, 1 hypopharynx and 2 larynx carcinomas, with data of xenografts and of human tumours in situ published up to now, shows that the cell kinetic parameters of human tumour xenografts presently studied range between those of human tumours in situ and those of autochthonous or transplantable mouse tumours. S-phase durations and potential doubling times are considerably shorter in xenotransplants than in human tumours in situ, whereas the cycle time is about the same. This means that the growth fraction increases considerably after xenotransplantation. This change of human tumour cell proliferation after transplantation into nude mice should be kept in mind if one wishes to draw conclusions from the nude mouse model on conditions in human beings, particularly with respect to therapeutic regimens, which are frequently tested in the nude mouse model.Abbreviations used RCC renal cell carcinoma - HPC larynx or hypopharynx carcinoma - LI labelling index - PLM percentage of labelled mitoses - t _s S-phase duration - t _c cycle time - t _pot potential doubling time This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ma 876/2-1)     

Development and proliferation of lymphocytes in mice deficient for both interleukins-2 and -4

Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 are considered as important regulators of growth and differentiation of lymphocytes. We report that in mice made deficient for both IL-2 and IL-4 by gene targeting all major T cell subsets and B cells were normal, indicating that IL-2 and IL-4 are not essential for development of the immune system. Paradoxically, proliferation of T cells was increased in both IL-2- and IL-4-deficient homozygous mice.     

Immunoadjuvant action of liposomes for entrapped Japanese Encephalitis virus E－glucoprotein

ＩｍｍｕｎｏａｄｊｕｖａｎｔａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｐｏｓｏｍｅｓｆｏｒｅｎｔｒａｐｐｅｄＪａｐａｎｅｓｅＥｎｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｉｓｖｉｒｕｓＥ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ￥ＨｕＪｕｎ（胡军）；ＭａＷｅｎｙｕ（马文煜）；ＨｕａｎｇＱｉｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（黄庆生）...     

小柴胡汤口服液药效作用的研究

观察了小柴胡汤口服液的主要药理作用。研究表明,小柴胡汤口服液有显著抑制角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠踝关节水肿(p<0.05),保护四氯化碳所致的大鼠急性肝功能损害,有极显著降低血清SGPT及LDH的作用(P<0.01)。对家兔发热反应也有较好的抑制作用。此外,小柴胡汤口服液对小鼠兔疫反应也有一定的增强作用,可促进小鼠碳粒廓清速率,提高血清溶血素水平及增强鸡红细胞所致的迟发性过敏反应。     

Chy-3 mice are Vegfc haploinsufficient and exhibit defective dermal superficial to deep lymphatic transition and dermal lymphatic hypoplasia.

Recent advances in molecular lymphology and lymphatic phenotyping techniques in small animals offer new opportunities to delineate mutant mouse models. Chy-3 mutant mice were originally named for their chylous ascites, but the underlying lymphatic disorder was not defined. We now re-examined these mice and applied advanced genotyping and lymphatic phenotyping techniques to pinpoint the specific lymphatic defect in this mouse model. We demonstrated that Chy-3 mice carry a large chromosomal deletion that includes Vegfc and narrowed this region by monitoring the heterozygosity of genetic markers. We found that Chy-3 mice not only exhibited chylous ascites but also lymphedema of the hind paws and, in approximately half of the males, lymphedema of the penis. Visual lymphangiography and immunofluorescence staining showed a hypoplastic dermal lymphatic network, whereas the blood vasculature appeared unaffected. This hypoplastic lymphatic network was functional, and all adult Chy-3 mice exhibited a lateral lymphatic pathway directly connecting the inguinal to the axillary lymph node. The dermal superficial to deep lymphatic connections in upper limbs and in all cervical regions were intact and functionally drained the upper body. Lymphatic tracer was not transported from the dermal to the deep truncal lymphatic system in the lower limbs, even though the deep lymphatic vessels and nodes were present and patent. These findings further delineate the lymphatic phenotype of Chy-3 mice, identify a collateral lymph drainage pathway previously undescribed in other genetic models of lymphedema, and demonstrate a predilection for lymphatic abnormalities of the lower limbs.     

奥明格健脑口服液改善小鼠记忆的作用

目的观察奥明格健脑口服液对改善小鼠记忆作用的影响。方法断乳小鼠，体重１２～１４ｇ，每组１４～１６只。把实验动物随机分为正常对照组、高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组，连续给样３０ｄ，进行跳台和水迷宫试验，以上试验按同样方法重复一次。结果两次小鼠实验表明，灌胃奥明格健脑口服液１ｍｏ后，跳台试验中受电击动物数和错误总数，各试验组均低于对照组，其中高剂量试验组显著低于对照组，而且潜伏期显著延长。水迷宫试验中，动物到达终点所需时间和错误总数，高中剂量组试验组均显著低于对照组。结论奥明格健脑口服液具有改善动物记忆的作用。     

Abrogation of IL-3 Requirements and Stimulation of Hematopoietic Cell Proliferationin Vitroandin Vivoby Carboxylic Acids

ABSTRACT: Short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate and propionate, induce fetal globin gene expression and are under clinical investigation in the β-hemoglobinopathies. Limitations of the short-chain fatty acids as therapeutics include their rapid metabolism and a tendency to induce cell growth arrest if administered for prolonged periods. In studies described here, the cellular effects of other inducers of fetal globin, phenoxyacetic acid and derivatives of short-chain fatty acids and cinnamic acids, were investigated in the human erythroid cell line K562, the IL-3 dependent multi-lineage cell line (32D), and in mice and primates. Several test compounds supported 32D cell proliferation despite a 50-fold depletion of IL-3, which resulted in growth arrest and apoptotic death in control cells. The degree of proliferation induced by certain test compounds was similar to the degree of proliferation induced by Erythropoietin and G-CSF in the cells. Eight of ten compounds induced γ globin mRNA in K562 cells. A 2.5 to 6-fold increase in reticulocytosis was observedin vivoin mice treated with two prototype compounds. Pharmacokinetic studies of three prototype compounds demonstrated millimolar plasma concentrations after single oral doses for many hours in primates. These findings identify orally bioavailable compounds which induce γ globin gene expression and hematopoietic cell proliferation through an activity which partially abrogates requirements for IL-3. Such compounds provide potential for oral therapeutics which stimulate proliferation of hematopoietic cells of multiple lineages, as well as inducing fetal globin.