Differential Cellular Gene Expression in Ganglioglioma

Summary:  Purpose:  Gangliogliomas (GGs) are neuronal-glial tumors highly associated with epilepsy. We hypothesized that the expression of select gene families including neurotransmitter receptor subunits and growth factors would be distinct in neurons and astrocytes within GG compared with adjacent cortex and that these changes would yield insights into seizure onset and lesion formation.
Methods:  Candidate gene expression was defined in single immunohistochemically labeled neurons and astrocytes microdissected from GG specimens compared with neurons and astrocytes microdissected from morphologically intact cortex adjacent to the GG or normal control cortex.
Results:  Differential expression of 16 genes including glutamate transporter (EAAC1) and receptor (NMDA2C, mGluR5), growth factor (hepatocyte growth factor), and receptor (platelet derived growth factor receptor β, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) mRNAs was detected in GG neurons compared with control neurons. In astrocytes, altered expression of p75NGF, mGluR3, TGFβ3 and Glt-1 mRNAs was detected. Nestin mRNA, a gene that exhibits enhanced expression in balloon cell cortical dysplasia, was increased in GG neurons. Because of the morphological similarities between GG and cortical dysplasia, we show that there is activation of the mTOR cascade in GG as evidenced by enhanced expression of phospho-p70S6kinase and phosphoribosomal S6 proteins.
Conclusion:  We find differential candidate gene expression in neurons and astrocytes in GG compared with adjacent cortex and show that there is activation of the mTOR pathway. These changes highlight pathways that may be pivotal for epileptogenesis and lesion growth.     

苯DNA加合物研究进展(综述)

苯ＤＮＡ加合物研究进展（综述）李桂兰，常平综述徐伯洪审校（中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所，北京１０００５０）我国职业接触苯的工人约有５０万，长期接触苯可引起白血病。苯与其它实质性肿瘤的问题也有报道［１，２］。世界癌症研究机构（ＩＡＲＣ）１９...     

大鼠烧伤后急性期蛋白mRNA的表达

分析了不同烧伤程度大鼠肝、脾、肾和骨骼骨内４种急性期蛋白，即ａ１－酸性糖蛋白、ａ１－抗胰蛋白酶、白蛋白和转铁蛋白（Ｔｒｆ）ｍＲＮＡ水平的动态变化特征，结果表明：（１）肝脏是合成各种ＡＰＲ的主要场所；（２）即使是小面积的烧伤也可以诱发急性期反应。（３）烧伤后血清Ａｌｂ水平下降是急性期反应的特征，但在ｍＲＮＡ水平上并不下降而是增加。     

Expression of the beta-nerve growth factor gene in male sex organs of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig.

Steady-state nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA levels were estimated in male sex organs of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig by RNA blot hybridization analysis. The abundance of NGF mRNAs was in the order vas deferens greater than epididymis greater than or equal to seminal vesicles much greater than testis. NGF mRNA levels in these organs were compared with those estimated for other rat peripheral tissues and were found to correlate with the density of their sympathetic innervation, with the exception of guinea pig prostate. Castration had no significant effect on NGF mRNA levels in the guinea pig prostate, suggesting that NGF synthesis in this tissue is not under direct androgen control. NGF-like and proNGF-like immunoreactivities were localized by immunohistochemical techniques in the secretory cells of the glandular epithelium of the guinea pig prostate and in germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testis.     

HO-1、HO-1 mRNA在肝硬化病人肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系

目的　观察HO CO系统在肝硬化病人肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系 ,以探讨其在肝硬化门脉高压中的作用。方法　随机选取 2 0例正常志愿者及 2 0例肝硬化患者 ,在B超引导下经皮经肝穿刺分别测定门静脉压力、抽取门静脉血和外周血并留取肝组织 ,测定血液中CO浓度 ,用免疫组化和RT PCR方法观察肝组织HO 1及其HO 1mRNA的表达。结果　肝硬化病人下腔静脉及门静脉血中CO浓度、肝组织HO 1、HO 1mRNA的表达及门静脉压力均分别显著高于正常对照组 ,正常对照组的外周血和门静脉血中CO浓度水平接近 ,无明显差异 ;但肝硬化患者的门静脉血CO浓度显著高于外周血CO浓度。结论　门脉血CO浓度、肝组织中HO 1以及HO 1mRNA表达与门静脉压力密切相关     

Hippocampal NMDA receptor mRNA undergoes subunit specific changes during developmental lead exposure

The N-methyl- -aspartate (NMDA) receptor has shown to play an important role in the cognitive deficits associated with developmental lead (Pb) exposure. In this study, we examined the effects of low-level Pb exposure on NMDA receptor subunit gene expression in the developing rat brain. The pattern of NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and NR2C subunit mRNA in situ hybridization was consistent with previous studies. Brain levels of NR1 and NR2A mRNAs were lowest shortly after birth, increasing to reach peak levels by 14 or 21 days of age and subsequently decreasing at 28 days of age. NR2B mRNA levels were highest during early development and decreased as the animals aged. NR2C subunit mRNA was restricted to the cerebellum and a signal was not detectable until the second week of life. Lead exposure resulted in significant and opposite effects in NR1 and NR2A subunit mRNA expression with no changes in NR2B or NR2C subunit expression. The Pb-induced changes in NR1 and NR2A subunit mRNA were mainly present in the hippocampus. Hippocampal NR1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the CA1 (15.3%) and CA4 (26.8%) pyramidal cells from 14-day-old Pb-exposed rats. At 21 days of age, only the NR1 mRNA at the CA4 subfield remained significantly elevated (10.3%). Lead exposure caused reductions of NR2A mRNA levels (11.9–19.3%) in the pyramidal and granule cell layers of the hippocampus at 14 and 21 days of age. NR1 mRNA levels were also significantly increased (14.0%) in the cerebellum of 28-day-old rats with no change in NR2A mRNA at any age. No significant changes in subunit mRNA levels were present in cortical or subcortical regions at any age. The Pb-induced changes in hippocampal NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression measured in the present study may lead to modifications in receptor levels or subtypes and alter the development of defined neuronal connections which require NMDA receptor activation.