Chagas心脏病研究现状

<正>Chagas病即查加斯病,是一个古老的热带寄生虫病。该病由克氏锥虫感染引起,可累及皮肤、心脏和消化道等全身多个系统,因其广泛流行于墨西哥及拉丁美洲国家的贫穷地区也被称为美洲锥虫病(American trypanosomiasis)。但1909     

Viral myocarditis and coagulopathy: increased tissue factor expression and plasma thrombogenicity

We investigated the effects of viral infection on Tissue Factor (TF) expression and activity in mice within the myocardium to understand increased thrombosis during myocarditis. Mice were infected with coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) and the hearts were collected at day 4, 8 and 28 post infection (p.i.). Myocardial TF expression and cellular activity as well as plasma activity were analyzed from CVB3 infected mice by Western blot, chromogenic Factor Xa generation assay, in situ staining for active TF and immunohistochemistry. In addition to TF expression, hemodynamic parameters were measured during the time course of infection. Furthermore, we analyzed myocardial tissues from patients with suspected inflammatory cardiomyopathy. TF protein expression was maximally 5-fold elevated 8 days p.i. in mice and remained increased on day 28 p.i. (P < 0.001 vs. non-infected controls). Alterations in TF expression were associated with fibrin deposits within the myocardium. The TF pathway inhibitor protein expression in the myocardium was not altered during myocarditis. Active cellular TF co-localized with CD3 positive cells and VCAM-1 positive endothelial cells in the myocardium. The TF expression was positively correlated with the amount of infiltrating CD3 and Mac3 positive cells (Spearman-Rho ρ = 0.749 P < 0.0001 for CD3⁺ and ρ = 0.775 P < 0.0001 for Mac3⁺; N = 35). Increased myocardial TF expression was associated with a 2-fold elevated plasma activity (P < 0.05 vs. non-infected controls). In the human hearts, the TF expression correlated postively with an endothelial cell activation marker (ρ = 0.523 P < 0.0001 for CD62E; N = 54). Viral myocarditis is a hypercoagulative state which is associated with increased myocardial TF expression and activity. Upregulation of TF contributes to a systemic activation of the coagulation cascade.     

自身免疫性心肌炎的治疗进展

心肌炎是引起儿童及青少年猝死最常见的病因之一,自身免疫反应在其发生发展中起重要作用。组织病理学证实心肌炎是由T细胞介导的免疫反应,主要表现为严重的心肌损害和炎细胞浸润。研究者从不同的角度发掘治疗自身免疫性心肌炎的方法,包括免疫调节,干扰传导通路、细胞因子等,该文就自身免疫性心肌炎治疗进展进行综述。     

Manifestaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes hospitalizados con dengue

IntroductionCardiac complications in dengue patients are not uncommon and are not diagnosed, since they are usually mild and self-limiting.ObjectivesTo characterize the cardiovascular manifestations in hospitalized patients with dengue infection.MethodsWe conducted an observational, analytical, longitudinal, prospective epidemiological study, which included 427 patients treated at Manuel Fajardo Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital with diagnosis of dengue infection since April 2017 to April 2018.ResultsCardiovascular manifestations (19.7%), mainly heart rate disorders (sinus bradycardia [13.8%], atrial [4.9%] and ventricular [4.0%] extrasystoles) were frequent in dengue infection patients. Pericarditis and myocarditis were diagnosed in 1.6% and 0.2% respectively. These disorders were self-limiting in 83.3% of cases and occurred in the first days of the onset of fever in 75.0%. Advanced age (OR = 1.70), male sex (OR = 1.94), decreased platelet count (OR = 1.13) and dengue with warning signs (OR = 3.29) were related to a higher probability of presenting cardiovascular disorders in the course of a dengue infection.ConclusionsCardiovascular manifestations in dengue patients are frequent, and are related to advanced age, male sex, as well as severe forms of the disease.     

磁共振成像在心内膜心肌活检阴性心肌炎患者中的诊断价值:回顾性病例系列研究

目的分析临床诊断心肌炎但心内膜心肌活检(EMB)阴性患者的心脏磁共振(CMR)表现,探讨CMR在此类患者中的诊断价值。方法该研究为回顾性分析。纳入符合2013年欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)心肌炎临床诊断标准,但EMB阴性的患者14例。所有患者均行CMR检查,通过黑血序列、电影序列、T2W-STIR序列及钆对比剂延迟增强(LGE)序列,评价心脏的形态学、功能学、组织学改变。结果该研究共纳入14例符合临床诊断标准的心肌炎患者,男10例,女4例,年龄为(25.6±13.2)岁,症状发作至行CMR检查时间间隔为21(13,60)d,症状发作距离EMB检查时间为19(9,40)d。CMR阳性患者13例,表现为心肌水肿、纤维化、射血分数减低、心包积液或心腔增大等。14例患者中共9例患者存在CMR形态和/或功能异常,其中左心房增大1例,左心室增大1例,右心室增大3例,左心室收缩末期容积指数超过正常范围4例,左心室射血分数<50%3例,右心室射血分数<40%5例,心包积液深度>3 mm 3例。14例患者中,有11例存在组织学改变,其中6例患者的T2比值≥2;LGE阳性10例(10/14),最常见的强化模式为左心室侧壁心外膜下和/或室间隔肌壁间(9例),另外左心室壁广泛心内膜下强化2例,无右心室壁强化。结论CMR能够在体评估心脏形态、功能及组织学改变,对于EMB阴性的心肌炎患者,CMR具有良好的补充诊断价值。     

Pathological Substratum for a Case of Fulminant Myocarditis Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Subsequent Heart Transplantation

Fulminant myocarditis has been defined as the clinical manifestation of cardiac inflammation with rapid-onset heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We report on the case of a 23-yr-old woman with pathology-proven fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis presenting shock with elevated cardiac troponin I and ST segments in V_1-2, following sustained ventricular tachycardia and a complete atrioventricular block. About 55 min of intensive cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, bridged the patient to orthotopic heart transplantation. The explanted heart revealed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration and myocyte necrosis in all four cardiac chamber walls. Aggressive mechanical circulatory support may be an essential bridge for recovery or even transplantation in patients with fulminant myocarditis with shock.

Graphical Abstract

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克山病心肌炎扩张型心肌病患者血清尿发中化学元素水平测定

用石墨炉原子吸收、火焰原子吸收、极谱示波法测定克山病、心肌炎、心肌病人血清、尿、发中8种元素含量。结果表明:克山病血清 Cu、Ni 升高,Cr、Se、Ca 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大;尿 Zn、Co、Ca、Mg 升高,Cr、Ni、Se 降低;发 Cu、Zn、Ni、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。心肌炎血清 Zn、Ni 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大;尿 Cu、Zn、Cr、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低;发 Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。心肌病血清 Cu、Ca 升高,Cr、Se 降低;尿 Cu、Zn、Co、Ca、Mg 升高,Se 降低;发 Zn、Co、Ni、Mg 升高,Cr、Se 降低,Zn/Cu 比增大。     

黄芪注射液辅助治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨黄芪注射液辅助治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎的疗效。方法选取2011年12月—2013年12月甘孜州道孚县人民医院收治的小儿病毒性心肌炎患儿132例,根据治疗方式不同将患儿分成为常规治疗组与联合治疗组,各66例。常规治疗组予以常规治疗,联合治疗组患儿在常规治疗基础上加用黄芪注射液治疗。观察两组患儿相关症状改善情况（症状消失时间、体征消失时间、心肌酶恢复时间、心电图恢复时间）、临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果联合治疗组患儿症状消失时间、体征消失时间、心肌酶恢复时间、心电图恢复时间短于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;联合治疗组患儿总有效率高于常规治疗组（P ＜0.05）;两组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论黄芪注射液辅助治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎的临床效果显著,可改善患儿临床症状,且不良反应少。