MTB分泌蛋白胶体金法检测痰液在肺结核诊断中的价值

目的:探讨结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)分泌蛋白胶体金法检测患者痰液在肺结核诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2020年10月至2020年12月在滨州市中心医院确诊的住院肺结核患者173例作为研究对象,留取晨痰,分别采用痰抗酸染色涂片镜检法、痰培养法、MTB分泌蛋白胶体金法、GeneXpert MTB/RIF法进行检测,对比不同方法的诊断效能。结果:173例患者痰涂片阳性59例(34.10%),痰培养阳性66例(38.15%),痰胶体金阳性90例(52.02%),GeneXpert MTB/RIF法阳性102例(58.96%)。痰胶体金法与痰培养结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.724,P=0.010);GeneXpert MTB/RIF法和痰培养法结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.995,P<0.001);痰胶体金法与GeneXpert MTB/RIF法结果比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.685,P=0.194)。173例患者痰液检测,菌阳组阳性检出率明显高于菌...     

Wound Complications from the Tsunami Disaster: A Reminder of Indications for Delayed Closure

Objectives  To illustrate the character, clinical course and late complications of wounds caused by high energy with severe contamination during a natural disaster, as a basis for designing principles for primary treatment under these conditions. Patients and Methods  This paper presents case reports from complicated wounds treated at a specialized unit for wound management in a hospital receiving patients after transfer from primary to definitive treatment. Results  Of the Swedish citizens evacuated from the disaster zone in Thailand after the tsunami disaster in 2004, 174 of those arriving at Stockholm Airport were referred to the Karolinska Hospital for treatment, of whom 75 were admitted. Forty of the patients admitted were seen by the surgeons at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery because of complicated wounds requiring special treatment. Fifteen of these could be treated as ambulatory patients and 25 required hospitalization for a mean time of 10.5 days (range 1–48). The majority had multiple injuries, 93% on the lower limbs and 47% on the upper limbs. The majority had been primarily closed at primary treatment. Treatment strategies included removal of all sutures, wound excision, secondary healing (38/40, 95%), delayed primary closure (40/40, 100%), vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) (3/40, 8%), split-thickness skin grafts (23/40, 58%), pedicled perforator flap (1/40, 2%) and free flap (1/40, 2%). Amputation was requested in two cases. Aside from long-lasting psychological sequelae and varying degrees of physical disability, unusual late infections occurred with progressing and migrating abscesses. Cultures and skin biopsies from these revealed both mycobacteria and pigmented fungal hyphae. Conclusions  The patterns of injury and clinical courses in these patients illustrate the risk of complications in wounds caused by high energy, with severe contamination and which arrive late for primary treatment by staff who are not fully aware of the risk of secondary complications under these conditions. Recommendations for primary treatment should include extensive cleaning, excision of dead tissue and delayed primary closure, according to the well-established principles of management of war wounds, where the conditions are similar. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Swedish Association of Plastic Surgeons in Ume?, Sweden, April 2005, at the 10th Congress European Society for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery in Vienna, Austria, September 2005, at the Swedish Society for Disaster Medicine in Stockholm, Sweden, October 2006, and at the 7th European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery in Malm?, Sweden, September 2006. All pictures are published with the permission of the patients. First Published on March 13, 2008. Doi 10.1080/15031430801966623     

结核分枝杆菌部分耐药相关基因的突变特点

目的 分析结核分枝杆菌耐药相关基因的突变特点,评价DNA序列分析用于结核分枝杆菌快速耐药性检测的应用价值.方法 利用DNA序列分析检测结核分枝杆菌的katG、rpoB和gyrA基因片段.结果 86.81%(79/91)异烟肼耐药株存在katG基因的点突变和/或单碱基插入,最常见的突变形式为R463L,占76.92%(70/91).90.38%(94/104)的利福平耐药株在rpoB基因耐药决定区(RRDR)发生突变,突变类型有26种,涉及11种氨基酸,突变集中在密码子第507～533位.70.49%(86/122)氧氟沙星耐药株在gyrA基因耐药决定区(QRDR)发生突变,突变主要形式为A90V、D94Y、D94N、D94H及S91P.结论 耐药相关基因突变的检测,可作为临床快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐药性的方法之一.     

广东省广州市2001-2004年分枝杆菌初步菌种鉴定与药物敏感性试验结果分析

目的了解广州市2001-2004年3年间分枝杆菌菌种的分布状态和抗结核药物的耐受性情况,为临床诊断和治疗结核病提供可靠的科学依据.方法对2001年9月-2004年3月从1 459例患者中共分离出的2 154株分枝杆菌进行菌种鉴定,并采用绝对浓度间接法对结核分枝杆菌和部分非结核分枝杆菌进行4种抗结核药物的敏感性试验.结果非结核分枝杆菌的分离率由1998年7月-2001年9月的16.5%上升至20.3%;对2 154株分枝杆菌中的1 703株结核分枝杆菌复合群菌株进行的药物敏感性试验结果显示：原始耐药率由1998年7月-2001年9月的14.4%上升至20.3%.继发耐药率则由原来的35.4%下降至32.3%;而非结核分枝杆菌对抗结核药物基本上呈现高度的原始耐受性.结论对临床分离出的阳性标本,有必要进行分枝杆菌的菌种鉴定和药物敏感性试验.     

The vesicle-associated function of NOD2 as a link between Crohn’s disease and mycobacterial infection

Although Crohn’s disease (CD) etiology remains unclear, a growing body of evidence suggests that CD may include an infectious component, with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) being the most likely candidate for this role. However, the molecular mechanism of the MAP involvement in CD pathogenesis remains unclear. The polymorphism of the NOD2 gene, coding for an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, is a factor of predisposition to mycobacterial infections and CD. Recent findings on NOD2 interactions and functions provide the missing pieces in the puzzle of a NOD2-mediated mechanism common for mycobacterial infections and CD. Implications of these new findings for the development of a better understanding and treatments of CD and mycobacterial infections are discussed.     

GSK656与克拉霉素、阿奇霉素体外协同抗脓肿分枝杆菌的活性研究

目的 评价3-氨甲基-4-卤代苯并恶唑类化合物GSK656与大环内酯类药物克拉霉素、阿奇霉素联合用药对脓肿分枝杆菌的体外抗菌活性。方法 收集2016—2018年期间首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院菌株库保存的非结核分枝杆菌共80株,包括脓肿分枝杆菌30株,堪萨斯分枝杆菌7株,胞内分枝杆菌37株,鸟分枝杆菌5株和偶发分枝杆菌1株;将30株脓肿分枝杆菌纳入本研究。用微孔阿尔玛蓝检测法(MABA法)测定GSK656、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素对脓肿分枝杆菌的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并采用棋盘稀释法检测GSK656分别与克拉霉素、阿奇霉素联合用药时的体外抗菌作用。结果 克拉霉素对脓肿分枝杆菌的MIC为0.031~16mg/L, 其耐药率为10.0%(3/30)。阿奇霉素对脓肿分枝杆菌的MIC为0.125~64mg/L,其耐药率为30.0%(9/30)。GSK656对脓肿分枝杆菌分离株的MIC₅₀和MIC₉₀分别为0.25mg/L和2mg/L。在GSK656-克拉霉素联合中,6株(20.0%,6/30)表现为协同作用,23株(76.7%,23/30)为无关,1株(3.3%,1/30)为拮抗;在GSK656-阿奇霉素联合中,3株(10.0%,3/30)为协同,18株(60.0%,18/30)为无关,9株(30.0%,9/30)为拮抗,GSK656联合克拉霉素组与GSK656联合阿奇霉素组的联合效应差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.010,P=0.018)。结论 GSK656具有良好的体外抗脓肿分枝杆菌的活性。GSK656联合克拉霉素组与GSK656联合阿奇霉素组的联合效应有差异,其中拮抗效应在GSK656与阿奇霉素联合用药时更多见。     

全身播散性偶发分枝杆菌病1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨偶发分枝杆菌引起全身播散性感染的临床特点,以提高诊断率及对该病的认识。方法报告全身播散性偶发分枝杆菌感染1例,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果患者全身多系统累及(包括肺部、淋巴结、皮肤、关节),淋巴结组织培养偶发分枝杆菌阳性,给予克拉霉素+左氧氟沙星+利奈唑胺治疗,病情缓解。结论偶发分枝杆菌引起全身播散性感染罕见,其机制可能与患者存在GATA2的缺乏和IFN-γ自身抗体有关,确诊主要依靠病理学及微生物学检查,但阳性率偏低,诊断困难。     

2012—2017年湖南省非结核分枝杆菌感染的特征分析

目的 分析湖南省2012—2017年非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的感染趋势、分布特征、流行状况,为湖南省NTM感染的防治提供参考依据。方法 收集2012—2017年来自湖南省14个地级市、在湖南省胸科医院经BACTEC MGIT 960 法确诊为分枝杆菌感染的患者15576例,其中男性11126例,女性4450例。分离出分枝杆菌菌株15576株(每例患者1株)。采用MPB64蛋白免疫胶体金法、对硝基苯甲酸(PNB)生长试验进行结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC)与NTM的初步鉴别,应用16S rRNA、Hsp65测序法对初步鉴定为NTM的菌株进行菌种鉴定,并对NTM感染者的相关临床资料进行分析。结果 2012—2017年NTM检出率为10.17%(1584/15576);男性NTM感染者占62.06%(983/1584),女性占37.94%(601/1584);年龄分布中,40~岁的中老年患者最多,占39.02%(618/1584);职业分布以农民为主,占66.67%(1056/1584)。2016年NTM菌种分布达24种,位列前4者分别为:胞内分枝杆菌[25.23%(84/333)]、脓肿分枝杆菌[24.62%(82/333)]、戈登分枝杆菌[18.62%(62/333)]、鸟分枝杆菌[16.82%(56/333)];2017年NTM菌种分布达21种,位列前4者分别为:胞内分枝杆菌[27.15%(104/383)]、脓肿分枝杆菌[22.46%(86/383)]、戈登分枝杆菌[21.15%(81/383)],鸟分枝杆菌[17.49%(67/383)]。结论 2012—2017年湖南省NTM检出率处于较高水平,感染人群以男性、中老年、农民为主,以致病NTM菌居多。     

异源双链分析法用于结核和牛分枝杆菌的鉴别

目的牛分枝杆菌存在pncA基因C169G和oxyR基因G285A突变,而结核分枝杆菌则无此突变,本研究利用DHPLC和SURVEYOR酶法测定这两个位点是否有突变,探讨异源双链分析法在结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌鉴别中的临床应用价值。方法 SURVEYOR酶法和DHPLC法分析结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌的pncA及oxyR基因。结果 DHPLC图谱和SURVEYOR酶法电泳图谱在牛分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌显著不同,很容易将二者区分开来。结论 DHPLC法和SURVEYOR酶法灵敏,简便,快速,在结核与牛分枝杆菌的鉴别中优于传统的培养鉴别方法。