香菊胶囊在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜术后的临床应用

目的观察香菊胶囊在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜术后的治疗效果。方法Ⅱ型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者120例作为治疗组，行内镜鼻窦手术后，在常规辅助治疗基础上加用香菊胶囊口服，并设120例Ⅱ型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者作为对照，对比观察两组疗效、治疗后症状、体征的变化，术腔上皮化时间及术后复发率。结果治疗组治愈75例，好转38例，无效7例，总有效率94．2％；对照组治愈50例，好转45例，无效25例，总有效率79．2％；头痛头昏、鼻黏膜充血肿胀、鼻甲充血肥大、鼻腔分泌物四种症状及体征变化的疗效优于对照组；治疗组术腔上皮化时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．01）；治疗组术后复发率4．5％，明显少于对照组7．9％（P〈0．01）。结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜术后，应用香菊胶囊对鼻腔功能的恢复具有良好的疗效，并能减少复发率，可作为常规药物应用于临床。     

粘膜相关淋巴组织的结构特征及粘膜疫苗的研究进展

始于20世纪初的粘膜免疫研究经过近百年的发展,已经取得了很大的进步,对粘膜免疫系统结构的认识日趋深化,粘膜疫苗的研究也获得了重大进展,现在已有效果良好的粘膜疫苗应用于人体。然而有关粘膜免疫的作用特点仍存在很多不明了的地方,一些新研制的人用粘膜疫苗在投放市场后相继出现各种问题,这说明相关的研究仍需不断深入以解决前述问题。     

75例胃粘膜活检中粘液细胞癌的临床病理分析

 本文总结分析75例活检诊断的胃粘液细胞癌，详细描述了粘液细胞癌的临床病理特征，着重讨论了胃活检粘膜中，粘液细胞癌容易漏诊或误诊的原因，并提出了需与粘液细胞癌鉴别的有关病变。通过观察和实验，本文作者支持球样异型增生是胃粘液细胞癌重要的癌前病变的观点。     

出口梗阻性便秘手术的护理体会

目的：总结直肠前突及直肠黏膜脱垂患者手术护理体会，进一步提高患者的护理质量。方法．28例用手按压阴道后壁排出粪便，多数患者长期服用导泻药物以协助排便。结果：对本组38例直肠前突和直肠黏膜脱垂患者经过积极的手术治疗和实施护理措施，大便排出困难均明显得到改善，临床症状消失，减轻了患者的痛苦，取得了良好效果，33例患者每日排便1次，有3例为每日排便2次，2例每2—3天排便1次。避免了并发症，使患者尽快的康复。结论：对直肠前突和直肠黏膜脱垂患者实施的本护理措施是有效的，提高了临床治愈率。缩短了患者住院时间，使他们早日康复。     

The color of human gingiva and mucosa: visual measurement and description of distribution

No soft tissue shade guide is available for matching the color of denture resins to human intraoral soft tissues. To determine the color of both the gingiva and the alveolar mucosa, intraoral soft tissue colors of 150 men and women were assessed under standardized lighting conditions. Colors of the papilla, attached gingiva, and alveolar mucosa in the central incisor region of the maxilla and mandible were examined using Munsell color tabs and their corresponding notations (value, hue, chroma). Statistical evaluation was performed by using frequency tables and multiple regression (level of significance p=0.05). Color ratings for the maxillary interincisal papilla lay in the yellow hue spectrum. A high incidence of ratings was found between 7/6 2.5R and 7/4 5R (Munsell color notations). Two further peaks were identified for the colors 3/6 2.5 R and 8/4 10R. Five peaks with the highest frequency of ratings were present with regard to the color of the mucosa in the maxillary incisal region: 6/6 2.5R, 7/6 2.5R, 6/8 5R, 5/8 7.5RP, and 5/6 10RP. In the mandible, a similar pattern was found. Using the results from visual matching tests, five color frequency peaks were identified. They could be used to construct an intraoral soft tissue shade guide.     

Reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after intranasal and oral administration of recombinant lactobacilli expressing myelin antigens

Oral administration of autoantigens is a safe and convenient way to induce peripheral T-cell tolerance in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). To increase the efficacy of oral tolerance induction and obviate the need for large-scale purification of human myelin proteins, we use genetically modified lactobacilli expressing myelin antigens. A panel of recombinant lactobacilli was constructed producing myelin proteins and peptides, including human and guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein peptide 139–151 (PLP_139–151). In this study we examined whether these Lactobacillus recombinants are able to induce oral and intranasal tolerance in an animal model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Lewis rats received soluble cell extracts of Lactobacillus transformants intranasally three times prior to induction of EAE. For the induction of oral tolerance, rats were fed live transformed lactobacilli for 20 days. Ten days after the first oral administration EAE was induced. Intranasal administration of extracts containing guinea pig MBP (gpMBP) or MBP_72–85 significantly inhibited EAE in Lewis rats. Extracts of control transformants did not reduce EAE. Live lactobacilli expressing guinea pig MBP_72–85 fused to the marker enzyme β-glucuronidase (β-gluc) were also able to significantly reduce disease when administered orally. In conclusion, these experiments provide proof of principle that lactobacilli expressing myelin antigens reduce EAE after mucosal (intranasal and oral) administration. This novel method of mucosal tolerance induction by mucosal administration of recombinant lactobacilli expressing relevant autoantigens could find applications in autoimmune disease in general, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis.     

电针不同穴位、频率对胃粘膜保护作用的观察

目的：研究电针的不同频率作用于不同穴位时,在保护胃粘膜效应上的差别。方法：利用正效实验设计安排实验并进行统计。结果和结论：同一穴位对于不同的指标（LI、SOD、MDA）有不同的调整作用,不同的刺激量对于各指标的调整结果亦不相同,“足三里”在保护胃粘膜方面的作用更强。     

鼻内镜术后上颌窦异常引流与黏膜炎症状态

目的观察上颌窦自然引流状态及引流的关键部位，探讨鼻内镜术后上颌窦的引流与窦腔炎症的关系，为鼻内镜手术上颌窦自然窦口的处理提供参考。方法用美蓝作为示踪剂，观察15例上颌窦无明显炎症或炎症较轻受检者上颌窦自然引流状态及引流的关键部位。另选择89例慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后6个月，且上颌窦黏膜恢复良好的患者，观察其上颌窦引流状态及方式，并继续随访至12个月，内镜下评估黏膜的炎症情况，分析鼻内镜术后上颌窦引流方式与黏膜炎症状态的关系。结果上颌窦自然窦口引流的关键部位在自然窦口的后下，近钩突尾端的附着处。引流物出上颌窦向后下走行，最终流向鼻咽部。传统鼻内镜手术后，引流方式相对正常者15例，占16．9％；74例（83．1％）患者上颌窦的引流状态及引流方式发生了明显改变。其中包括反向引流6例、多相引流31例、引流不能20例、“蓄水池”样改变9例以及黏膜失用8例。术后12个月33．7％的患者再次发生炎症反应，以黏膜失用炎症的发生率（100％）最高，其次是引流不能及反向引流（各占50％）。结论上颌窦自然窦口的后下近钩突尾端附着处是上颌窦引流的关键部位；鼻内镜术后，上颌窦自然引流关键部位的损伤甚至瘢痕形成，可以导致上颌窦的异常引流，过度开放上颌窦窦口，有可能加重上颌窦黏膜的损伤；上颌窦的异常引流状态及方式与黏膜炎症的发生率密切相关。