无症状性胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床及病理特征分析

目的 探讨及分析无症状性胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床及病理特征。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院1984年1月至2008年6月126例经手术治疗的胰腺囊性肿瘤的病例资料。结果 126例胰腺囊性肿瘤的病人中,60例无症状,其中56例为良性,28例为浆液性囊腺瘤,25例为黏液性囊腺瘤,3例为导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤;4例为恶性,3例为黏液性囊腺癌,1例为侵袭性导管内黏液性肿瘤。 采用单因素和多因素变量分析结果显示病人的性别,肿瘤大小和影像学特征性表现（包括实性成分和主胰管扩展）在胰腺良、恶性囊性肿瘤之间差异有统计学意义,男性在恶性肿瘤中显著多于女性（P=0.01）; 影像学特征性表现是常常是判断肿瘤恶性可能的独立因素。对于直径<3cm的肿瘤,无症状的胰腺囊性肿瘤更多见于良性肿瘤。结论 在无症状胰腺囊性肿瘤中,恶性肿瘤发病率比较低,尤其对于肿瘤直径<3cm的无症状囊性肿瘤,如果影像学检查显示囊肿内无实性成分或乳头状突起,胰管不扩张者,可采用保守观察的方法,定期随访。     

原发性肝细胞癌病人血浆P16甲基化的意义

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌病人血浆P^16甲基化的临床意义。方法 2001年4月至2004年1月，应用甲基化特异PCR法检测35例原发性肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）病人肿瘤、肿瘤旁组织及血浆中P^16甲基化的表达状况。结果 P^16甲基化阳性率HCC癌组织34％明显高于癌旁肝硬化／慢性肝炎组织11％（P〈0．01）。50％HCC癌组织P^16甲基化病人血浆可检测到P^16甲基化。血浆P^16甲基化阳性率在血清AFP定量呈正常（AFP〈200μg／L）的19例HCC病人为21％。HCC癌组织，血浆P^16甲基化阳性病人术后1年复发的相对危险度是P^16甲基化阴性的3．34倍（95％的可信区间1．49～8．00），2．69倍（95％的可信区间1．40～5．14）。结论 HCC血浆中P^16甲基化可能与HCC术后复发相关，可能是微创监测HCC术后复发的分子标记物。检测血浆P^16甲基化有助于对血清AFP〈200μg／L的肝癌病人有诊断价值。     

Prognosis of Japanese Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients in the Cytokine Era: A Cooperative Group Report of 1463 Patients

Background

Incidence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) differs among countries. The rates of Asian countries are lower than those of countries in North America or Europe but are exceptionally high in Japanese males. Approximately 30% of patients with RCC have metastasis at initial diagnosis, and another 30% have metastasis after nephrectomy. Clinical studies of risk factors in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) are mainly based on data from non-Asian patients.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the prognosis of Japanese patients and their prognostic factors.

Design, setting, and participants

The subjects of this study were 1463 patients who were clinically diagnosed with RCC with metastasis in 40 Japanese hospitals between January 1988 and November 2002.

Measurements

The primary end point was overall survival calculated from first diagnosis of mRCC to death or last follow-up. We also investigated the relationship between survival and clinical features.

Results and limitations

The median overall survival time was 21.4 mo. The estimated survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 yr were 64.2%, 35.2%, 22.5%, and 9.1%, respectively; they contrasted with data from the United States of 54%, 19%, 10%, and 6%, respectively for the same periods. A high percentage of patients had undergone nephrectomy (80.5%) and metastasectomy (20.8%), both of which were shown to prolong survival.

Conclusions

The median survival time in the present study was approximately twice as long as that of previous studies from North America or Europe. Early diagnosis of metastasis, nephrectomy, metastasectomy, and cytokine-based therapy seemed to improve the prognosis of RCC patients in the present study.     

A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?

Few molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been identified so far in genitourinary tumors. We started from a literature search to explore the status of the art of molecular pathology tests as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers in genitourinary cancers. Next generation sequencing approaches now provide mind-changing information in the fields of kidney cancer diagnosis, predictive oncology of urothelial cancer, understanding the causes of testicular and penile cancer, and the comprehension of the drivers of prostate cancer progression beyond androgen regulation. The classification of kidney cancer will be based soon on molecular changes. The causes of non-HPV related penile cancer are largely unknown. The emerging high incidence of testicular cancer could be explained only on the basis of molecular changes. The response to novel therapeutic agents in prostatic and urothelial cancer will require thorough molecular tumor characterization. The hereditary risk of patients with early onset prostate cancer and their potential treatment with targeted therapy requires germline and somatic genetic assays. The implementation of effective biomarkers for the response to immune check-point inhibitors in genitourinary cancer is based on the assessment of inflammatory expression profiles and the tumor mutational burden. This review deals with the current tests and provides a tentative foresee of the future molecular biomarkers of genitourinary cancer.     

高位腰椎间盘突出症

目的：通过147例高位腰椎间盘突出症的回顾性研究,旨在提高对本症的认识,减少漏诊,误诊,方法：回顾性分析报告147例高位腰椎间盘突出,结果：治疗腰1,210例,腰2。3 32例,腰3,4 105例,其中双间隙突出34例,跳跃性突出27例,伴椎管狭窄31例。瘫痪3例,非手术治疗34例,手术113例,优47例,良8例,差92例,重点讨论了高位腰椎及椎间盘和神经根的解剖特点和临床三大特征及诊断治疗,提出对不同程度的病人用不同治疗方式以及手术中需要注意的六个问题。     

Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasia of the pancreas: Histopathology and molecular biology

Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a clinically and morphologically distinctive precursor lesion of pancreatic cancer, characterized by gradual progression through a sequence of neoplastic changes. Based on the nature of the constituting neoplastic epithelium, degree of dysplasia and location within the pancreatic duct system, IPMNs are divided in several types which differ in their biological properties and clinical outcome. Molecular analysis and recent animal studies suggest that IPMNs develop in the context of a field-defect and reveal their possible relationship with other neoplastic precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer.     

中国湖南2?324例乳腺癌临床特征及分子亚型分析

目的：分析中国湖南乳腺癌的临床病理特征、分子亚型的分布特点及其与国内其他地区及国外的差异。 方法：回顾性分析湘雅医院2002年1月—2012年9月2?324例女性乳腺癌患者临床病理资料,根据雌激素受体（ER）,孕激素受体（PR）,Ki-67,表皮生长因子受体（Her-2）的状态,将乳腺癌分为4个分子亚型进行分析。 结果：湖南乳腺癌患者的平均年龄47.57岁,绝经前患者（64.5%）多于绝经后患者（35.5%）,以中期患者为主。分子亚型分布与国内不同地区及国外比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,其中luminal A型比例占59.6%,高于国内上海（52.8%）与广东人群（31.1%）及非裔美籍人群（55.5%）,但低于波兰人群（73.0%）与美国人群（66.1%）,Her-2型所占比例（5.6%）低于其他人群,而三阴型比例（22.0%）高于大多数其他人群。各分子亚型分布在年龄段、分期、绝经状态及新辅助化疗情况的分组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论：中国湖南乳腺癌平均发病年龄较轻,绝经前患者多,以luminal A型为主;分子亚型分布与年龄段、分期、绝经状态及新辅助化疗情况有关。     

纳米雄黄对卵巢癌细胞增殖凋亡的调控作用及分子机制研究

目的：探讨纳米雄黄对卵巢癌细胞Skov3增殖和凋亡的影响及其潜在分子机制。方法：采用机械研磨法制备纳米雄黄;以Skov3细胞为靶细胞,分别采用MTT实验及流式细胞术检测细胞增殖能力和凋亡情况;同时,利用Western blot检测细胞内Bcl-2及Bax蛋白的表达变化。结果：纳米雄黄能够显著抑制细胞增殖能力;40mg/L和80mg/L纳米雄黄处理Skov3细胞48小时,细胞凋亡显著增加;40mg/L纳米雄黄处理Skov3细胞48小时,Skov3细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低,Bax蛋白表达显著增加。结论：纳米雄黄能够显著抑制Skov3细胞增殖,促进其凋亡,可能通过抑制细胞内Bcl-2蛋白的表达,上调Bax蛋白表达发挥抑制卵巢癌的发生发展的作用。     

基于密集特征匹配的胸片肺野自动分割

目的X线胸片中肺野的准确分割是胸片图像自动分析的必要步骤。本文采用局部特征的密集匹配和标号融合进行胸片
肺野的自动分割。方法对于输入的待分割胸片,基于每个像素点提取密集SIFT描述子和图像块作为局部特征,采用密集匹配
直接在整个参考图像特征集合中快速搜索近邻;密集匹配分为受限的随机初始化、近邻场传播和受限的随机搜索三步,并数次
迭代后两步。利用匹配得到的近邻场,提取标号图像块并进行加权,权重为匹配的相似度,最后重组为肺野的概率图,经阈值化
处理即可得到肺野的分割。结果在公开的JSRT胸片图像数据集上进行测试,本文方法的Jaccard指标可达95.5%。结论利用
局部特征的密集匹配和标号融合能取得准确性高且稳定的胸片肺野分割效果,并且优于当前最好的胸片肺野分割方法。