超声心动图对继发性三尖瓣反流术疗效的评价

【摘要】〓目的〓通过超声心动图比较继发性三尖瓣反流患者行三尖瓣缝线成形术和成形环成形术的早期和中期效果,评价两种三尖瓣成形方法的疗效。方法〓回顾性分析我院2008年1月~2013年6月行三尖瓣成形术治疗的,并能追踪到而且进行了随访的继发性三尖瓣反流患者 175 例,根据成形方法分成两组:缝线成形术组 143例(82%),使用成形环成形术组 32 例(18%),分别于术前、术后一个月、术后一年通过超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、三尖瓣反流束面积(TRA)、三尖瓣反流分数(TRF)、右室前后径(RVD)、右房上下径(RAD1)及右房左右径(RAD2),比较术前、术后半个月及术后1年时各参数的变化。结果〓两组患者,与术前相比,所有患者术后一个月TRA、TRF及RVD、RAD1及RAD2均显著降低(P<0.05),LVEF无显著变化(P>0.05);术后1年,缝线成形术组的患者TRF较术后一个月显著增加(P<0.05),其余指标无明显变化(P>0.05);而使用成形环组术后一年,所有指标较术后一个月无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论〓三尖瓣成形环成形术治疗三尖瓣反流,在术后中期仍可维持良好的疗效。超声心动图对三尖瓣反流的程度可提供半定量信息,在术前及术后随访中有着重要的应用价值。     

Application of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty in Patients of Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis Combined with Tricuspid Regurgitation

Background:

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is frequently associated with severe mitral stenosis (MS), the importance of significant TR was often neglected. However, TR influences the outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) procedure in rheumatic heart disease patients with mitral valve (MV) stenosis and tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Methods:

Two hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study due to rheumatic heart disease with MS combined with TR. Mitral balloon catheter made in China was used to expand MV. The following parameters were measured before and after PBMV: MV area (MVA), TR area (TRA), atrial pressure and diameter, and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The patients were followed for 6 months to 9 years.

Results:

After PBMV, the MVAs increased significantly (1.7 ± 0.3 cm² vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.01); TRA significantly decreased (6.3 ± 1.7 cm² vs. 14.2 ± 6.5 cm², P < 0.01), right atrial area (RAA) decreased significantly (21.5 ± 4.5 cm² vs. 25.4 ± 4.3 cm², P < 0.05), TRA/RAA (%) decreased significantly (29.3 ± 3.2% vs. 44.2 ± 3.6%, P < 0.01). TR velocity (TRV) and TR continue time (TRT) as well as TRV × TRT decreased significantly (183.4 ± 9.4 cm/s vs. 254.5 ± 10.7 cm/s, P < 0.01; 185.7 ± 13.6 ms vs. 238.6 ± 11.3 ms, P < 0.01; 34.2 ± 5.6 cm vs. 60.7 ± 8.5 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). The postoperative left atrial diameter (LAD) significantly reduced (41.3 ± 6.2 mm vs. 49.8 ± 6.8 mm, P < 0.01) and the postoperative right atrial diameter (RAD) significantly reduced (28.7 ± 5.6 mm vs. 46.5 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.01); the postoperative left atrium pressure significantly reduced (15.6 ± 6.1 mmHg vs. 26.5 ± 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.01), the postoperative right atrial pressure decreased significantly (13.2 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 18.5 ± 4.3 mmHg, P < 0.01). The pulmonary arterial pressure decreased significantly after PBMV (48.2 ± 10.3 mmHg vs. 60.6 ± 15.5 mmHg, P < 0.01). The symptom of chest tightness and short of breath obviously alleviated. All cases followed-up for 6 months to 9 years (average 75 ± 32 months), 2 patients with severe regurgitation died (1 case of massive cerebral infarction, and 1 case of heart failure after 6 years and 8 years, respectively), 2 cases lost access. At the end of follow-up, MVA has been reduced compared with the postoperative (1.4 ± 0.4 cm² vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.05); LAD slightly increased compared with the postoperative (45.2 ± 5.7 mm vs. 41.4 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.05), RAD slightly also increased compared with the postoperative (36.1 ± 6.3 mm vs. 28.6 ± 5.5 mm, P < 0.05), but did not recover to the preoperative level. TRA slightly increased compared with the postoperative, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The PAP and left ventricular ejection fraction appeared no statistical difference compared with the postoperative (P > 0.05), the remaining patients without serious complications.

Conclusions:

PBMV is a safe and effective procedure for MS combined with TR in patients of rheumatic heart disease. It can alleviate the symptoms and reduce the size of TR. It can also improve the quality-of-life and prognosis. Its recent and mid-term efficacy is certain. While its long-term efficacy remains to be observed.     

双通道多普勒法测量E/Em评价体重指数对左室舒张功能的影响

目的采用双通道多普勒(DPW)法研究体重指数(BMI)对左室结构及舒张功能的影响,探讨双通道多普勒法测量左室舒张功能指标的应用价值.方法体检者137名,询问病史、体格检查、12导联常规心电图检查、常规超声心动图检查、血液生化检查、肝肾功能检查均无异常.根据BMI指数分为正常体重组54例,超重者组83例,通过常规超声心动图获取各组心脏结构参数,采用双通道多普勒及传统多普勒分别获取各组心脏血流频谱多普勒及组织频谱多普勒参数,观察对比分析各组心脏结构及舒张功能指标参数的差异性.结果与正常体重者比较,超重者室间隔厚度(IVSd)增厚、左室重量指数(LVMI)增加、左心室内径(LVEDD)增大(P<0.05),左心房内径(LAD)增大(P<0.01);二尖瓣环早期组织运动速度(Em)、二尖瓣环早期组织运动速度(Em)与晚期组织运动速度(Am)比值(Em/Am)下降,二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(E)与二尖瓣环早期组织运动速度(Em)比值(E/Em)升高(P<0.05).与传统多普勒法比较,双通道多普勒法通过二尖瓣环运动速度矫正后获得的二尖瓣口E峰、A峰血流速度增高,E/Em升高(P<0.01).结论超重者可引起心脏结构的改变,左室舒张功能减低,BMI指数与Em、Em/Am及E/Em具有相关性,双通道多普勒较传统多普勒更准确敏感地反映左室舒张功能.     

Palliation via Hybrid Procedure of a 1.4‐kg Patient with a Hypoplastic Left Heart

Despite improvements in survival of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with various palliative procedures, certain risk factors, such as weight less than 2.5 kg, continue to predict increased mortality. We report the palliation of a patient with HLHS weighing 1.4 kg via a hybrid procedure consisting of banding of the pulmonary arteries bilaterally, stenting the ductus arteriosus, and balloon atrial septostomy. We propose that this may be another alternative for palliation in this high‐risk patient group.     

Entrapment of circular mapping catheter in the mitral valve

BACKGROUND: Ablation procedures in the left atrium for treatment of atrial fibrillation are becoming increasingly common. The procedure often involves placing one or two circular mapping catheters in the left atrium. Entrapment of an ablation catheter in the mitral valve during ablations of left-sided accessory pathways by the retrograde approach has been described in two earlier published reports. More recently, several reports describe similar entrapment of a mapping catheter. In a recently published review, however, only one case of unspecified valve damage was registered among 8745 atrial fibrillation procedures. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with entrapment. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of electrophysiological results. RESULTS: We describe three patients with entrapment during ablations for atrial fibrillation. The entrapments occurred with three different operators at three different electrophysiological laboratories within 2 years. The complication described here may be more common than is widely appreciated. CONCLUSIONS: From our figures, we estimate the incidence of the complication to 0.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-2.5%).     

Double orifice mitral valve; a coincidental finding.

A double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) represents a rare congenital malformation characterised by two valve orifices with two separate subvalvular apparatus. This case demonstrates the necessity of careful imaging of the mitral valve apparatus, not only in patients with atrioventricular septal defects, but also in patients with congenital left obstructive heart disease.     

保留瓣叶及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术480例临床分析

目的：探讨保留二尖瓣瓣叶及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换的临床经验和治疗效果。方法以2009年1月至2012年12月在我院行保留二尖瓣瓣叶及瓣下结构的480例二尖瓣置换患者为观察组,二尖瓣瓣叶全部切除二尖瓣置换的350例患者为对照组。统计分析两组患者术前、术后6个月和12个月的Tei指数、Z指数、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和右心室射血分数(RVEF)。结果观察组患者手术成功率为98.3%,术后6个月和12个月患者的Tei指数、Z指数、LVEF、RVEF逐渐好转,术后12个月各项指标测量值均优于术后6个月的测量值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Tei指数与Z指数、LVEF、RVEF负相关,Z指数、LVEF、RVEF两两正相关,且各指标相关性分析|r|<1且≠0具有统计学意义。术后6个月观察组患者的Tei指数、Z指数、LVEF、RVEF明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论保留二尖瓣瓣叶及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术适用于大多数二尖瓣病变患者,对于术后左、右心功能的改善及远期生活质量的提高有重要的意义。     

二尖瓣关闭不全合并巨大左心室外科治疗及远期随访

目的:报道单纯慢性二尖瓣关闭不全合并巨大左心室患者外科治疗方法和远期随访结果。方法:自1988年4月至2000年9月,我院共对45例单纯慢性二尖瓣关闭不全合并巨大左心室患者进行了二尖瓣置换术(mitral valve replacement,MVR),其中男性28例,女性17例,年龄13~58岁,平均年龄(33.8±10.5)岁。病例入选标准:术前诊断为重度二尖瓣关闭不全合并左心室舒张内径(left ventricle diastole diameter,LVDD)70mm者。该组患者中,病因为风湿性心脏病者36例(占80%),先天性心脏病(先心病)者9例(占20%)。术前心功能分级:NYHAⅡ级13例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级32例。胸X线片C/T示:0.64±0.12(范围0.47~0.84)。超声心动图(echocardiogram,UCG)示所有患者均患重度二尖瓣关闭不全合并巨大左心室,LVDD为(76.3±4.1)mm(范围:70.2~89.6mm),射血分数(EF)为(45.7±6.3)%(范围:30.0%~66.3%);所有患者均在全麻体外循环下接受MVR。结果:全组45例患者中,围术期死亡2例,病死率为4.4%,术后2w UCG示LVDD减小为(65±5.2)mm(与术前相比P0.01)。随访至2012年9月,37例患者得到随访,占总数的82.2%,平均随访时间为(13.8±0.12)年(144~264个月),至今存活患者23例,占62.2%,其中5例患者心功能Ⅰ级,14例患者心功能Ⅱ级,2例患者心脏功能Ⅲ级2例心功能Ⅳ级。随访期间死亡12例,随访病死率为32.4%,失访2例,失访率为5.4%。因心脏原因死亡9例,占死亡例数的75%,主要原因慢性心功能不全和为抗凝并发症或合并肾功能不全。存活患者LVDD进一步减小达(60.0±6.1)mm,与术后围术期LVDD相比有明显缩小(P0.001)。结论:对于二尖瓣关闭不全合并巨大左心室患者行MVR是一种远期疗效好的外科治疗方法,术后患者左心室能够进一步缩小。远期和慢性心功能不全和抗凝并发症为主要死亡原因。