Treatment Strategies for Missing Maxillary Central Incisor—An Orthodontist's Perspective

The loss of maxillary central incisors at an early age has psychological, esthetic, and functional implications. Multiple treatment options are available for replacing missing central incisors. The management demands a multidisciplinary approach involving the orthodontist, prosthodontist, and periodontist. Treatment planning requires consideration of a variety of clinical and nonclinical factors. This clinical report attempts to demonstrate different strategies for the management of unilaterally and bilaterally missing central incisors.     

捕获-再捕获方法分析云南西盟县疟疾漏报程度

目的了解西盟县的疟疾发病实情和漏报程度。方法采用回顾性调查方法，统计2002年疟疾报告疫情、血检情况、疟疾治疗及村民疟史等。以捕获-再捕获方法估计疟疾实际发病和漏报率。结果西盟县疟疾发病率为50．18／27，7个乡均有病例分布，被调查3个乡的疟疾发病率分别为136．84／27、46．34／万和11．24／27，所调查的20个自然村在2002年共报告17例疟疾，采用发热病人血检、医生疟疾治疗处方、疟史3种再捕获方法核实疫情，估算得西盟县的3种疟疾疫情漏报率分别是39．29％、83．5％和94.93％。结论西盟县的疟疾漏报现象比较普遍。     

Multiplicity in Regulatory Statistical Review

In planning trials, good practice requires prespecification of analyses to control the probability of false positives and to enable a coherent interpretation of the result. In reviewing trials, analyses are usually not preplanned. Although the goals of reviewers are neither the same as nor opposite to those of planners, reviews are also subject to concerns about multiple, post hoc analyses. The probability of false negatives is not controlled, and the multiple analyses can be difficult or impossible to interpret together coherently. We consider several types of multiplicity that arise in reviews rather than in submissions and offer advice for coping with them.     

数据缺失机制对逐步回归变量筛选的影响

目的 评价各种数据缺失机制对逐步回归变量筛选结果的影响.方法 通过模拟产生不同缺失机制和缺失类型的数据,用筛选到的真实变量的个数和损失函数大小作为指标,评价其对逐步同归的影响.结果 完整数据情况下的筛选表现优于各缺失机制卜表现；缺失类型比缺失机制对筛选结果的影响更为明显.结论用逐步回归对含缺失值的数据进行变量筛选时,需要关注缺失机制和缺失类型.     

病案缺陷质量分析

目的对病案缺项问题进行分析并提出解决方案,保证病案的完整性。方法对2010年1578份缺项病案进行分类、统计和分析。结果病案书写打印不及时、科室缺乏有效管理、对病案质量重要性认识不足、医护人员工作量大等因素是造成病案缺项的主要原因。结论医院信息系统的整合,合理配置医疗资源,提高医生对病案质量重要性认识,加快电子病历试点工作的完成,才能减少甚至消除病案质量的缺项问题,全面提高病案质量。     

Natural killer cell-mediated immunosurveillance of human cancer

The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to immunosurveillance of human cancer remains debatable. Here, we discuss advances in several areas of human NK cell research, many of which support the ability of NK cells to prevent cancer development and avoid relapse following adoptive immunotherapy. We describe the molecular basis for NK cell recognition of human tumor cells and provide evidence for NK cell-mediated killing of human primary tumor cells ex vivo. Subsequently, we highlight studies demonstrating the ability of NK cells to migrate to, and reside in, the human tumor microenvironment where selection of tumor escape variants from NK cells can occur. Indirect evidence for NK cell immunosurveillance against human malignancies is provided by the reduced incidence of cancer in individuals with high levels of NK cell cytotoxicity, and the significant clinical responses observed following infusion of human NK cells into cancer patients. Finally, we describe studies showing enhanced tumor progression, or increased cancer incidence, in patients with inherited and acquired defects in cellular cytotoxicity. All these observations have in common that they, either indirectly or directly, suggest a role for NK cells in mediating immunosurveillance against human cancer. This opens up for exciting possibilities with respect to further exploring NK cells in settings of adoptive immunotherapy in human cancer.     

高校学生的价值理念缺失及其应对策略

近几年来，高校学生的心理问题日益突出，这与他们的价值理念缺失有很大关系。目标缺失、信仰缺失和意义缺失是当代大学生主要的价值理念缺失。确立一种新的目标，树立一种信仰，赋予人生积极的意义，以目标做载体，以信仰当支柱，以意义为归宿，才能走出价值理念缺失的状况，健康快乐地生活和成长。     

不完全病例对照研究中对照组部分基因信息缺失基因-环境交互作用的估计

目的探讨不完全病例对照研究中对照组基因信息部分缺失时基因一环境交互作用的估计。方法在Stata9．0软件上采用MonteCarlo方法模拟不同基因信息缺失比例数据，对缺失数据采用hotdeck多重填补程序后分析和删除缺失值分析结果进行比较。结果缺失数据〈50％时，hotdeck多重填补后分析和删除缺失值分析对环境主效应、基因主效应以及基因-环境交互作用的估计系数接近完全数据的系数，随缺失比例的增加，两种方法的估计方差均增加，但hotdeck多重填补估计方差小于删除缺失值分析。结论不完全病例对照研究中，对照组基因信息缺失比例〈50％时，可以用hotdeck填补方法充分利用已有的信息估计基因-环境的交互作用，提高估计精度。     

缺失数据的多重估算

目的 探讨多重估算方法在缺失数据分析中的应用。方法 利用Bayesian理论与MCMC方法，在NORM软件中模拟得到m个完整数据集。结果 对m个重复测量数据集用SAS软件分析，合并m个分析结果可见，由NORM软件合并数据集的标准差比缺失数据集更稳定。结论 多重估算法既能反映缺失数据的不确定性，又可充分利用资料信息，对模型估计结果更可信。     

Leukemic xanthomatosis with a missing No. 9 chromosome

A 2 year old girl with chronic rhinobronchitis, hepatomegaly, café-aulait spots, skin xanthomas, mental and physical retardation and a blood picture of myelocytic leukemia is described. Treatment with prednisone and 6-mercaptopurine markedly improved the symptoms. The atypical cells could be classified as (para)metayelocytes by light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. Chromosome analysis of blood and bone marrow revealed a predominant cell clone in the bone marrow with a missing C-chromosome. The missing chromosome could be identified as a No. 9 by a modified Giemsa banding technique.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.