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M. Ohira S. Nishida P. Tryphonopoulos P. Ruiz H. Ohdan A.G. Tzakis 《Transplantation proceedings》2017,49(5):1160-1164
Background
Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in killing tumor and virus-infected cells. Immunosuppression used after organ transplantation is thought to increase the risk of tumor recurrence and viral infections. However, the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on NK cells has not yet been clearly established. Therefore, we examined the effect of immunosuppression on NK cells.Methods
NK cells were cultured for 7 days in the presence of interleukin-2 (100 U/mL) with or without the following immunosuppressive drugs: tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone [MP]), mycophenolate mofetil, and rapamycin. The effect of the drugs on NK cell activation was tested on the basis of the following: NK cell phenotype, NK cell proliferation, cytotoxicity against K562 cells, cytokine production by NK cells, and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity with HCV genomic replicon cells.Results
NK cells showed relatively robust functions in the presence of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A. Mycophenolate mofetil and rapamycin significantly prevented only NK cell proliferation (P < .05). In contrast, MP significantly inhibited the proliferation, cytotoxicity, and anti-HCV effect (10.9%, 18.5%, and 1.9%, respectively) of NK cells. Furthermore, MP specifically inhibited the expression of NK cell activation markers and the production of interferon-γ (P < .05).Conclusions
Corticosteroids have distinct effects on NK cells, which may have important implications for NK cell function in cytotoxicity and HCV effect after transplantation. 相似文献73.
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Michael Yim Anat Galor Afshan Nanji Madhura Joag Sotiria Palioura William Feuer Carol L. Karp 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2018,53(2):150-154
Objective
To assess the ability of novice clinicians to use a commercially available high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) device to diagnose various lesions of the ocular surface and cornea.Methods
Cross-sectional study. Twenty-six black-and-white HR-OCT images were projected, and clinicians were asked to determine whether the lesions represented ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) or another ocular surface pathology. A 20-minute instructional lecture was given on HR-OCT interpretation, and the same 26 images were shown. The clinicians were asked to repeat their assessment of the lesions. Thirty-four novice clinicians at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, participated. A commercially available device (RTVue, Optovue, Fremont, Calif.) was specifically chosen for this study.Results
The mean frequency of correct identification of the 26 lesions was 70% (standard deviation [SD] 15%) before instruction; after a short lecture, the frequency of correct identification improved to 84% (SD 9%, p = 0.002). Novice clinicians were more accurate in correctly determining that a lesion was not an OSSN (ruling it out as a diagnosis) than in determining that a lesion was an OSSN (p = 0.001). Some lesions (both OSSN and not OSSN), however, were more difficult to interpret than others.Conclusion
This study demonstrated that all levels of novice clinicians can quickly improve diagnostic accuracy with a commercially available HR-OCT after a short training session. 相似文献75.
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