喉癌微血管生成中P53 nm23蛋白和血管内皮生长因子的作用

目的　探讨P5 3、nm2 3蛋白和血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendothelialgrowthfacor,VEGF)在喉癌微血管生成及转移中的作用。方法　通过免疫组化SP法对 42例喉癌标本中P5 3、nm2 3蛋白、VEGF及微血管密度 (microvesseldensity,MVD)进行了检测。结果　喉癌中P5 3、nm2 3蛋白及VEGF的阳性表达率分别占 47 6 %、5 7 1%和 71 4%。P5 3基因和VEGF呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在有淋巴结转移的喉癌标本中P5 3、VEGF阳性表达率及MVD明显高于非转移组 (P <0 0 5 )。而nm2 3基因和VEGF在喉癌标本中无直接相关性 ,在nm2 3蛋白表达阴性和VEGF阳性标本中MVD较高 ,这种现象多见于有淋巴结转移的喉癌中。结论　突变型P5 3基因通过调控VEGF的表达影响肿瘤内MVD ,促使喉癌发生转移 ;而nm2 3基因可能不是通过调控VEGF的表达 ,而是通过其它途径影响喉癌转移。     

艾本与放疗联合治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床疗效

目的:探讨艾本(伊班膦酸钠)全身用药与局部放疗相结合治疗恶性肿瘤局限性骨转移的临床疗效.方法:80例恶性肿瘤局限性骨转移患者随机分为两组,艾本静脉滴注加局部放疗40例(治疗组);单放组40例,只采用局部放疗(对照组).结果:治疗组疼痛缓解率为92.5%,对照组疼痛缓解率为82.5%,两组间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05);溶骨病灶再钙化的有效率治疗组为76.7%,而对照组仅为27.8%,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.001);治疗组出现第二部位骨转移的机率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);1年生存率治疗组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者不良反应的发生率相似,无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:艾本联合放疗治疗局限性骨转移,具有止痛快、疗效确切、高效修复溶骨病灶,并能防止新转移灶的发生及较高的生存率等优点.     

Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver mimicking metastatic disease on CT: imaging findings and diagnosis using MR imaging

The aim of this study was to describe the MR appearance of multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver (MNFIL) using T1-weighted in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo as well as T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences with fat suppression (FSTSE) and without (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations at 1.5 T using T1-weighted IP and OP-GRE with fast low angle shot (FLASH) technique, and T2-weighted FSTSE, T2-weighted HASTE of 137 patients undergoing evaluation for focal liver lesions were reviewed. Five patients were identified in whom CT indicated metastatic disease; however, no liver malignancy was finally proven. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy (n = 3), additional wedge resection (n = 1) or follow-up MRI 6–12 months later (n = 5). Regarding the identified five patients, the number of focal liver lesions was 2 (n = 2) and more than 20 (n = 3). The MR imaging characteristics were as follows: OP-image: markedly hypointense (n = 5); IP image: isointense (n = 2) or slightly hyperintense (n = 3); T2-weighted FSTSE-image: isointense (n = 5); T2-weighted HASTE image isointense (n = 1); slightly hyperintense (n = 4). On OP images all lesions were sharply demarcated and of almost spherical configuration (n = 5). Further evaluation by histology or follow-up MR imaging did not give evidence of malignancy in any case. Histology revealed fatty infiltration of the liver parenchyma in three patients. Magnetic resonance follow-up showed complete resolution in two patients and no change in three patients. Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration can simulate metastatic disease on both CT and MR imaging. The combination of in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo imaging can reliably differentiate MNFIL from metastatic disease. Received: 15 September 1999 Revised: 3 February 2000; Accepted: 7 February 2000     

胃癌淋巴结大小与转移的探讨

目的　本文通过胃癌淋巴结病理与CT对照 ,讨论根据淋巴结大小 (以 >10mm为标准 )判断淋巴结转移的可靠性。方法　 2 4例胃癌切除和D1或D2 淋巴结清除以及术前CT检查 ,分别记录淋巴结直径大小、数量和转移阳性率。结果　 2 4例胃癌手术摘取淋巴结 3 95个 ,病理证实 12 3个 (3 1% )淋巴结转移阳性。10mm以下的淋巴结占 76% ,其中 5 6%的淋巴结转移阳性 ,1～ 5mm和 6～ 9mm淋巴结转移率分别为 8%和 46% ;10mm或以上淋巴结转移阳性率分别为 5 4%和 68%。CT检出淋巴结 174个 ,病理证实 71个 (4 1% )淋巴结转移阳性。小于 10mm淋巴结占 3 8% ,1～ 5mm和 6～ 9mm淋巴结转移率分别为 17%和 3 1% ;10mm以上淋巴结转移阳性 5 0 %～ 76%。结论　胃癌小淋巴结转移率也较高 ,CT影像单纯依据淋巴结大小判断淋巴结转移是不可靠的。     

Effectiveness of craniotomy and long-term survival in 35 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with brain metastases: a clinical retrospective analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognostic factors among patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) exhibiting brain metastases who underwent craniotomy.MethodsThirty-five patients with GTN who had brain metastases and subsequently underwent craniotomies between January 1990 and December 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified using the GTN database. Their clinical manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll 35 patients underwent decompressive craniotomy, hematoma removal, and metastatic tumor resection combined with multiagent chemotherapy. Eighty percent (28/35) achieved complete remission, 11.4% (4/35) achieved partial remission, and 8.6% (3/35) had progressive disease. Not counting 2 patients who were lost to follow-up, 81.8% of the patients (27/33) were alive after a median follow-up of 72 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.4%. Univariate analysis revealed that a history of chemotherapy failure (p=0.020) and a >1-week interval between craniotomy and chemotherapy commencement (p=0.027) were adverse risk factors for survival. Multivariate analysis showed that previous chemotherapy failure remained an independent risk factor for poor survival (odds ratio=11.50; 95% confidence interval=1.55–85.15; p=0.017).ConclusionDecompressive craniotomy is a life-saving option if metastatic hemorrhage and intracranial hypertension produce a risk of cerebral hernia in patients with GTN who have brain metastases. Higher survival rates and improved prognoses can be achieved through perioperative multidisciplinary cooperation and timely standard postoperative chemotherapy.     

Defined criteria for resectability improves rates of secondary resection after systemic therapy for liver limited metastatic colorectal cancer

AimsLong-term survival has been demonstrated for patients with irresectable colorectal liver metastases who are brought to resection by chemotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether improved long-term outcome seen with modern therapies translates to increased rates of secondary resection and whether response rates correlate with rates of secondary liver resection.MethodsA systematic review of literature published between January 1998 and September 2013 was performed. Phase II/III trials were included if they reported the rate of objective response and the rate of secondary resection of initially irresectable metastases. For the phase III trials, the ratio between response and resection rates within the trials was investigated as well as the correlation for both parameters in all trials.ResultsTwenty-five studies were identified. Response rate demonstrated a strong correlation with rates of secondary resection (R² = 0.44, p = 0.008). Ratios of response/resection between both arms of 10 randomised control trials (RCTs) were calculated to control for selection bias, and showed that in a randomised setting response rates correlate with increased rates of secondary resection in an intra-trial comparison (R² = 0.87, p = 0.002). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant difference between studies where criteria for resectability were defined (median 39.5%), and those where it was not (median 11%) (p = 0.006).ConclusionThere is a clear correlation between radiological response and rates of secondary resection, with studies that define resectability achieving much higher rates. All trials investigating first line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer should have criteria for resection, with conversion to secondary resection as a defined study end-point.     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of ophthalmic tumors

A majority of intraocular tumors can be diagnosed based on clinical examination and ocular imaging studies, which obviate the need for diagnostic ophthalmic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Overall, diagnostic accuracy of ophthalmic FNAB is high but limited cellularity can compromise the diagnostic potential of ophthalmic aspirate samples. The role of ophthalmic FNAB is limited in retinal tumors. Orbital FNAB should be considered in the evaluation of lacrimal gland tumors, orbital metastasis, and lymphoproliferative lesions. Negative cytologic diagnosis of malignancy should not be considered unequivocal proof that an intraocular malignancy does not exist. With improved understanding of genetic prognostic factors of uveal melanoma, ophthalmic FNAB is gaining popularity for prognostic purposes in combination with eye conserving treatment of the primary tumor. In special clinical indications, ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry and FISH can be performed on ophthalmic FNAB samples. Assistance of an experienced cytopathologist cannot be overemphasized.