延髓腹外侧区在调节呼吸和心血管系统中的作用

现已知延髓腹外侧区在呼吸调节和心血管调节中起着重要作用．延髓腹外侧区有两个重要的血管运动中枢，称为头侧和尾侧血管运动中枢．参与呼吸调节的中枢化学感受器位于延髓腹外侧区浅表部位；延髓腹外侧区还参与中枢和外周化学感受器的传入冲动的整合．文章对一些最重要的有争论的观点作一综述     

代谢综合征患者血管内皮损伤标志物、C反应蛋白与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:观察代谢综合征(MS)患者血管内皮损伤标志物血管性假性血友病因子抗原(vWF:Ag)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)及超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)的水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:测定67例MS患者(其中合并冠心病31例)及35例健康对照组TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP、空腹胰岛素(Fins)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)。结果:单纯MS组(B组)TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(A组),P<0.05;MS合并冠心病组(C组)TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP水平均高于A组和B组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素直线相关分析表明TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP与IR显著正相关(r分别为0.32、0.36、0.38)。结论:MS患者血管内皮损伤标志物、CRP水平升高,且与IR抵抗有关。     

OTC药评审的法律依据和程序

处方药和非处方药（Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ）分类管理制度是由国家法律强制作推行的药品管理制度，药品，制剂或活性成分的ＯＴＣ身分也是根据有关法规，履行法定的审批程序而确立的，我国正在酝酿的Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ分类管理制度对公众甚至医学从业人员都是陌生的新事物，在必要通过介绍国外现行该制度是国家的做法，了解有关ＯＴＣ药的立法及药品确立ＯＴＣ身分的合法程序，作为我国将出台的Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ分类管理制度的借鉴。     

高温对热区部队战士激素调节的影响

选择某电子对抗团战士和某坦克旅战士共64人,分别在高温、高湿等因素作用下连续作业1h(摩托小时),观察战士体内激素及电解质的变化情况。结果表明:两部队战士的心钠素、皮质醇、醛固酮水平作业前后有非常显著性以上的差异;血清K~+、Ca~(2+)浓度降低,Na~+浓度升高。以上结果表明:高温环境对战士体内激素水平影响显著,机体出现应激性改变。     

胃癌c-erbB-2过度表达与预后的关系

探讨c－erbB－2过度表达与胃癌预后的关系。方法：用免疫组化ABC法对103例胃癌手术标本及151个转移淋巴结进行c－erbB－2表达检测。结果：21．4％胃癌手术标本出现阳性表达．其中进展期胃癌、乳头状腺癌、高中分化胃癌及伴淋巴与肝转移的胃癌阳性率显著增高（P＜0．05与＜0．01）；转移淋巴结表达阳性率高于胃癌原发灶（X2＝3．7．P＞0．05）。高中分化胃癌伴c－erbB－2过度表达者5年生存率显著低于阴性者（P＜0．01）。结论：c－erbB－2过度表达可作为胃癌预后估计指标之一。     

The human desmin gene: A specific regulatory programme in skeletal muscle both in vitro and in transgenic mice

Desmin synthesis is restricted to cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles. In several familial myopathies involving fibre disorganization, filamentous aggregation of desmin has been characterized. During the development of the mouse embryo, desmin is one of the first muscle proteins detected in both the heart and the somites. To identify the DNA sequences involved in the regulation of desmin gene expression a 4.5 kb 5′-flanking region of the human desmin gene has been isolated. Different mutants were used to characterize specific enhancers in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained with transgenic mice provide evidence that the 1 kb cis-regulatory sequences, functional in skeletal muscle cells in vitro, confer specific developmental control for skeletal muscles. Furthermore, distinct programmes for cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific expression of the desmin gene are revealed.     

Ion channel expression by white matter glia: I. Type 2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

White matter is a compact structure consisting primarily of neuronal axons and glial cells. As in other parts of the nervous system, the function of glial cells in white matter is poorly understood. We have explored the electrophysiological properties of two types of glial cells found predominantly in white matter: type 2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Whole-cells and single-channel patch-clamp techniques were used to study these cell types in postnatal rat optic nerve cultures prepared according to the procedures of Raff et al. (Nature, 303:390-396, 1983b). Type 2 astrocytes in culture exhibit a "neuronal" channel phenotype, expressing at least six distinct ion channel types. With whole-cell recording we observed three inward currents: a voltage-sensitive sodium current qualitatively similar to that found in neurons and both transient and sustained calcium currents. In addition, type 2 astrocytes had two components of outward current: a delayed potassium current which activated at 0 mV and an inactivating calcium-dependent potassium current which activated at -30 mV. Type 2 astrocytes in culture could be induced to fire single regenerative potentials in response to injections of depolarizing current. Single-channel recording demonstrated the presence of an outwardly rectifying chloride channel in both type 2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but this channel could only be observed in excised patches. Oligodendrocytes expressed only one other current: an inwardly rectifying potassium current that is mediated by 30- and 120-pS channels. Because these channels preferentially conduct potassium from outside to inside the cell, and because they are open at the resting potential of the cell, they would be appropriate for removing potassium from the extracellular space; thus it is proposed that oligodendrocytes, besides myelinating axons, play an important role in potassium regulation in white matter. The conductances present in oligodendrocytes suggest a "modulated Boyle and Conway mechanism" of potassium accumulation.     

基于十年随访的心血管代谢性危险因素聚集与社区≥55岁人群全因死亡风险关系的队列研究

背景 心血管代谢性危险因素聚集（CRFC）是老年人常见的健康问题,目前相关研究主要集中在流行病学分布特征的描述,有关CRFC与人群全因死亡风险的研究鲜有报道。目的 探讨CRFC与社区≥55岁人群全因死亡风险的关系,为开展≥55岁人群社区保健提供参考。方法 于2011年9—11月采用典型抽样法选取宁夏回族自治区吴忠市和银川市5个社区的1 046名≥55岁人群作为研究对象,对其开展一般情况问卷调查、体格检查、超声检查、实验室检查和CRFC评价[纳入中心性肥胖、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症、高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸血症、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）共计9项心血管代谢性危险因素后,控制一般情况变量,通过构建多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,估计各个心血管代谢性危险因素的回归系数β,以回归系数β为权重将所有心血管代谢性危险因素的评分相加得出心血管代谢危险因素危险总评分],将心血管代谢危险因素危险总评分按照四分位数分为三组：P75组;分别于2017年,2019年和2021年通过面访和死因监测系统搜索的方式完成随访。采...