不同孕期阶段孕妇凝血四项及FDP和D-二聚体的变化及临床意义

目的:研究不同孕期阶段(早、中、晚)孕妇凝血四项、血浆纤维蛋白(原)降解产物[plasma fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, FDP]、D-二聚体的变化及临床意义,为临床诊疗提供理论支持。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月200例孕妇就诊资料中的凝血四项,纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen, FIB)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time, PT)、凝血酶时间(thrombin time, TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)。并对FDP与D-二聚体的检测结果进行统计分析,比较孕早期、中期、晚期三个阶段凝血四项、FDP和D-二聚体水平的变化。结果:孕早期、孕中期与孕晚期PT水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕早期、孕中期与孕晚期三个阶段的TT相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);孕早期的APTT明显长于中期、晚期孕妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕早期、中期、晚期孕妇,随着孕周的增加,FIB水平逐渐升高...     

Expression of oncogene products, anti-oncogene products and oncofetal antigens in intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

A few previous studies have demonstrated the expression or mutations of oncogenes and anti-oncogenes as well as that of oncofetal antigens in intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. In this study, we have investigated the immunohistochemical expression of oncogene (ras and c-erbB-2) and anti-oncogene (p53 and retinoblastoma [Rb]) products and oncofetal antigens (CEA, CA19-9 and DUPAN-2) in nine such tumours of the pancreas. In normal pancreas (5 cases), the Rb gene product and CA19-9 were expressed in all cases, while ras and c-erbB-2 gene products, p53 protein, CEA and DUPAN-2 were not expressed. In intraductal papillary-mucinous tumours (n = 9), ras, c-erbB-2, p53 and Rb gene products were present in 4/9 (44%), 7/9 (78%), 0.9 (0%) and 6/9 (67%) cases, respectively. CEA, CA19-9 and DUPAN-2 were expressed in 8/9 (89%), 9/9 (100%) and 2/9 (22%) cases respectively. In invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancrease (7 cases), ras, c-erbB-2, p53 and Rb gene products were expressed in 3/7 (43%), 6/7 (86%), 2/7 (29%) and 3/ & (43%) cases respectively. CEA, CA19-9 and DUPAN-2 were expressed in 7/7 (100%), 7/7 (100%) and 6/7 (86%) cases, respectively. The extent and intensity of the expression of these antigens was greater in invasive ductal adenocarcinomas. These data suggest that activation of ras and c-erbB-2 oncogenes and inactivation of Rb anti-oncogene may contribute to the development and progression of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumours of the pancreas and that there is neo-expression of CEA and DUPAN-2 during the development and progression of these tumours.     

Priming effect of RANTES on eosinophil oxidative metabolism

Background RANTES has been shown to possess chemotactic activity for eosinophils, which have also been considered to play a role in allergic inflammation through reactive oxygen species. Thus, in this study, we examined the effect of RANTES on radical oxygen products from eosinophils.
Methods Purified eosinophils by CD16-negative selection or an eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) were incubated with or without RANTES (2.5 x 10⁻⁶). To the mixture of eosinophils and luminol, calcium ionophore (A23187) or opsonized zymosan (OZ) was added, and radical oxygen products were determined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence for 600 s.
Results Eosinophil-mediated radical oxygen products of untreated eosinophils produced with A23187 gave a peak value of 14.09 + 2.40 (mean±SE, n = 12) relative light units (RLU) and an integrated value of 3232.20 + 513.09 RLU. However, with treatment with RANTES, a peak value of 18.66 + 2.40 RLU and an integrated value of 5301.05 ±561.02 RLU were obtained. Eosinophil oxidative metabolism-induced A23187 or OZ was apparently augmented by the preincubation with RANTES. In addition, the radical oxygen products of EoL-1 showed similar results.
Conclusions Thus, we concluded that RANTES may play an important role the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation through its involvement in eosinophil activation, as evidenced by oxygen products, as well as in selective eosinophil infiltration as selective eosinophil chemoattractant.     

Effect of prolonged physical exercise on the fibrinolytic system

Summary The effect of a test marathon race on plasma fibrinolytic activity (FA) was studied in 16 endurance athletes before, immediately after, 3 h, and 31 h after the run. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity increased about 31-fold immediately after the run. Similar increases were found in t-PA antigen concentration. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) was not detectable immediately after the race and was significantly decreased 3 h (P < 0.05) and 31 h (P < 0.01) later. B_15–42 peptide increased by 0.63 pmol · ml^–1 (P<0.001),d-dimer by 68.3 ng · ml^–1 (P< 0.05). Euglobulin lysis time (ELT) was reduced from 109 to 18 min (P<0.001). The increased t-PA activity and t-PA antigen concentration disappeared in the course of the first 3 h after exertion. ELT also reached its pre-exercise levels at this time. Thirty-one hours after the race ELT and t-PA antigen levels were slightly but significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas B_15–42 peptide remained increased (P<0.05). t-PA activity was unchanged compared with pre-exercise values. It seems that the exercise-induced FA is mainly caused by the marked increase of t-PA antigen and t-PA activity.     

终末糖基化产物对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附分子表达的影响

目的：探讨终末糖基化产物在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化（AS）形成中的作用机理。 方法： 分离正常人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs），将终末糖基化终产物（AGE）修饰的人血清白蛋白（AGE-HSA）、人血清白蛋白（HSA）与HUVECs在体外共同培养，并用荧光单克隆抗体染色，流式细胞仪定量检测细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）的表达。 结果： 正常人HUVEC表达ICAM-1和VCAM-1。AGE-HSA能以时间和剂量依赖的方式上调ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达（P<0.05），而HSA对HUVECs上述粘附分子的表达均无影响。 结论： AGE能上调HUVECs粘附分子的表达，从而促进AS时单核/巨噬细胞的浸润。     

阿魏酸钠对糖尿病大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化的影响

目的:探讨阿魏酸钠(SF)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化的影响。方法:对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的DM大鼠灌胃给予SF 110 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,治疗8周,测定各组大鼠肾重／体重、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清和肾皮质果糖胺(FMN)、血清和肾皮质丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性,并分别测定肾皮质糖基化终产物(AGEs)含量,观察肾脏病理改变。结果:糖尿病对照组(DM组)大鼠肾重／体重、Ccr、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN、肾皮质FMN和AGEs显著高于正常对照组(N组);SF治疗组(SF组)肾重／体重、Ccr、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN和肾皮质AGEs显著低于DM组;DM组大鼠肾皮质和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著低于N组,MDA含量显著高于N组,SF治疗组大鼠肾皮质和血清SOD、CAT活性显著高于DM组,MDA含量显著低于DM组:DM组大鼠肾脏病理改变异常显著,SF组的肾脏病理学改变轻于DM组大鼠。结论: SF通过保护肾脏抗氧化酶,减轻氧化应激,抑制AGEs在肾脏的沉积对DM大鼠肾脏产生保护作用。     

Changes in myocardial capillary diffusion capacity during infusion of vasoactive drugs

The present study investigated how variations in coronary vascular resistance and metabolic demand affected myocardial capillary diffusion capacity. Hearts from Wistar rats were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit-albumin buffer in a Langendorff preparation, where heart rate (HR), contractility (dP/dt_max) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO₂) were recorded continuously. Myocardial capillary diffusion capacity was measured as the permeability surface area product (PS) for Cr-EDTA and vitamin B₁₂ by the single injection colorimetric indicator dilution method. After base-line recordings without drugs, angiotensin II + arginine-vasopressin was infused, which increased coronary vascular resistance by 90%, stimulated HR by 11%, decreased dP/dt_max by 21% and reduced MVO₂ by 4%. PS_Cr-EDTA and PS_B12, decreased by 24 and 27%, respectively, leaving the ratio PS_Cr-EDTA/PS_B12 unchanged indicating unaltered capillary permeability. Moreover, the reductions in MVO₂ and PS correlated significantly. During vasodilation: (1) nitroprusside-NA stimulated HR by 7% and decreased dP/dt_max by 14%; (2) adenosine reduced dP/dt_max by 37% and decreased MVO₂ by 9%; and (3) isoproterenol increased HR, dP/dt_max and MVO₂ by 53, 76 and 9%, respectively. However, all three vasodilators reduced PS_Cr-EDTA and PS_B12 in parallel by 7–25% leaving PS_Cr-EDTA/PS_B12 unchanged. Thus, maximal estimated diffusion capacities were obtained during spontaneous coronary vascular tone, most likely reflecting maximal capillary recruitment in the Krebs-Henseleit-albumin perfused heart. The derecruiting effects of the vasoconstrictors were partly overridden by metabolic factors, while the reductions of PS after vasodilation more likely were due to increased heterogeneity in coronary flow.     

急性有机磷中毒患者晚期氧化蛋白产物动态变化的临床研究

目的探讨晚期氧化蛋白（AOPP）在急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者中的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）动态检测90例有机磷农药中毒患者和30例健康对照者血清晚期氧化蛋白的含量，并探讨其与病情的相关性。结果AOPP患者血浆中晚期氧化蛋白含量发病后的第1天〉第3天〉第7天与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。血清CRP的含量在患者中毒后的第1天〉第3天〉第7天与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。在发病的第1天，AOPP患者血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量重度中毒组〉中度中毒组〉轻度中毒组与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。在第1天，AOPP患者的病情程度即MODS的评分值与血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量均呈明显的正相关性（r1=0．590和r2=0．627，P均〈O．01），而血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量之间也呈明显的正相关性（r3=0．792，P〈0．01）。结论晚期氧化蛋白的含量随急性有机磷农药中毒患者的病情和炎症反应加重而升高。晚期氧化蛋白可能参与了有机磷农药中毒患者发生多脏器功能障碍的病理生理过程。     

Inhibitory activity of a series of coumarins on leukocyte eicosanoid generation

Sixteen plant-derived or synthetic coumarins with different patterns of substitution were tested for their capacity to modify A23187-induced synthesis of leukotriene B₄ and thromboxane B₂ via the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal exudate leukocytes. Five of the 16 coumarins inhibited LTB₄ production: all containortho-dihydroxy substitutions (approximate IC₅₀ values 8–100 M). The mechanism is likely to depend upon a combination of the coumarins' iron-chelating and iron ion-reducing abilities, properties which also confer beneficial activities of these compounds as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (Payá et al., Biochem. Pharmacol.44, 205–214 (1992)). Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway was only demonstrated by one compound, 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, which did not inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, indicating that the cyclooxygenase inhibitory mechanism is different. Similar effects of the active coumarins were obtained using arachidonic acid as substrate for rat leukocyte eicosanoid generation, confirming that they act at the 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase level. The same profile of activity was also shown when the coumarins were tested against 5-lipoxygenase in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Taken together, these antioxidant and anti-eicosanoid properties of coumarins could be exploited for the design of potentially valuable non-toxic anti-inflammatory agents for treating diseases in which eicosanoid generation and the production of reactive oxygen species are involved.     

长程体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪高级氧化蛋白产物和高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨长程体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪血清中高级氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响.方法 18头雄性乳猪随机分为正常饲养组(n=6)、高脂饲养组(n=6)及高脂饲养+体外反搏组(n=6).后2组通过高脂饲养复制高胆固醇血症猪模型并对高脂饲养+体外反搏组进行36 d共36 h的长程增强型体外反搏.分别于分组饲养前、反搏前、反搏中期和反搏结束时留取3组动物静脉血,采用分光光度法检测血清AOPP浓度,采用乳胶凝集反应法检测血清hs-CRP浓度.结果高脂饲养组和高脂饲养+体外反搏组经高脂饲养后血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白明显升高(P<0.05).血清AOPP和hs-CRP浓度在分组饲养前组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).反搏前、反搏中期和反搏结束时,高脂饲养组与高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清AOPP和hs-CRP浓度较正常饲养组同时期均有显著增高(P<0.05);而反搏中期和反搏结束时高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清AOPP浓度较高脂饲养组显著降低[(95.38±12.66)μmol/L比(128.46±12.55)μmol/L;(85.78±10.33)μmol/L比(158.22±16.32)μmoL/L,P<0.05];且反搏中期和反搏结束时高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清hs-CRP浓度较高脂饲养组也有显著降低[(0.47±0.14)mg/L比(0.62±0.32)mg/L;(0.47±0.16)mg/L比(0.59±0.43)mg/L,P<0.05].结论 AOPP和hs-CRP参与了高胆固醇血症猪的发病过程.长程体外反搏可能通过减轻机体体内氧化应激和微炎性反应过程,从而阻止高胆固醇血症的病理生理进程.