A survey of the use of special food products by diabetics

A food frequency of consumption questionnaire was completed by 137 diabetic outpatients attending the University of Wales Hospital in Cardiff, to provide information about the use of special dietary products.
Seventy-four per cent of the diabetics used special dietary products, the most popular of which were artificial sweeteners (45%) and preserves (47%), followed by squash (34%), sweets (31%) and chocolate (31%). Twenty per cent of diabetics consumed biscuits and tinned fruit. Cake and other products (e.g. jelly), were used by less than 10% of the respondents. Over half of all the diabetics consumed one or more products on a daily basis. The use of special products bore no significant relationship to the sex of the respondents, nor to the duration of the diabetes. However, a significantly higher proportion of the Insulin Dependent Diabetics (IDDM) group used dietary products compared with the Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM) group. This can be explained largely by the differences in age between the diabetics; the under-18-year-old age group (who were all IDDM respondents) were the greatest users of sweets, chocolate and squash.
Forty-three per cent of diabetics who did not use special food products cited at least one reason for non-use. The reasons included dietetic advice (NIDDM respondents only), high cost, poor palatability, lack of availability and unsuitability for other members of the family.     

运动对体内代谢产物排出量的影响

选择年龄15～18岁的体育学校学生23名(男14、女9),随机分为三个不同的运动组进行跑台训练。结果显示:运动可导致尿乳酸,尿蛋白、尿糖和尿素氮含量增加。无氧训练时尿乳酸的增加尤为明显;尿蛋白的增多与尿液乳酸含量呈正相关;尿素氮水平的升高则以有氧耐力运动时为甚。     

Utilization of recombinant activated factor VII in southern Ontario in 85 patients with and without haemophilia

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is licensed for the treatment of bleeding in individuals with haemophilia and inhibitors. The use of rFVIIa appears to be increasing, and an increase in unlicensed use is suspected. There are currently few data about the specific indications for its use. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of utilization of rFVIIa. We performed a retrospective cohort study using rFVIIa infusion data collected prospectively and clinical data collected retrospectively. Patients were identified using a tracking system designed to account for use of all coagulation factor concentrates issued in southern Ontario. Between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005, 85 patients received rFVIIa. 1164 infusions were given (8246.4 mg). Haemophilia patients with inhibitors accounted for 82.9% of rFVIIa infused and represented 8.2% of patients. The total amount of rFVIIa used increased each year from 2001 to 2004 and then decreased in 2005. The total number of infusions of rFVIIa administered annually increased. Both on-label and off-label use of rFVIIa increased. The number of patients with haemophilia receiving rFVIIa remained small and constant. The number of patients receiving rFVIIa for off-label indications increased markedly. Most rFVIIa infusions were given for licensed indications; however, these infusions represented <10% of patients treated. Overall, the utilization of rFVIIa is increasing, mostly for approved indications; however, the number of patients being prescribed rFVIIa for off-label indications has increased. The tracking system used in this study is a valuable tool to describe ongoing utilization patterns of rFVIIa.     

利用主客体分子包结现象选择分离蛇床子有效成分的方法

利用1,1,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(I)的包结能力,可简单而迅速地从蛇床子中选择分离出有效成分欧前胡素(2)和花椒毒素(3),收率分别为0.054%(2)和0.002%(3)。本文用UV,IR,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR验证了2和3的化学结构,并用HPLC检验了2和3的纯度。X-射线衍射晶体结构分析表明主体分子I与组分2靠氢键形成包结物,它们的摩尔比为1:2,氢键长为2.8612A。包结物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为已P₂₁/C,晶胞参数:a=15.468(5)A,b=8.595(3)A,c=18.663(7)A,β=93.64(5)°,Z=4和R=0.088。     

日照市冷库海产品挥发性盐基氮指标调查

１９９６年１～２月份调查了全市３０个冷库１３１份海产品，１２７份挥发性盐基氮指标符合国家卫生标准，合格率为９６．９５％。说明仍有极少的海产品有腐败变质现象，为保证消费者食用安全，建议每月检测一次挥发性盐基氮。关于鲜度分级问题，我们认为食品标准是关系到人民健康的强制性标准，制定标准的先决条件是消费者食用后对身体不造成危害，因此作为卫生标准不分级为好，其鲜度指标只要符合标准规定，就应允许销售食用。     

接触一氧化碳工人血清LDL—C,HDL—C及脂质过氧化物含量的研究

本文对长期接触一氧化碳(CO)的工人血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量进行了研究。结果表明,长期接触低浓度CO者的血清TG、LPO及HbCO含量与对照组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.001)。     

荧光分光光度法测定水产品中烷烃类、芳烃类污染物

目的：对使用荧光分光光度法测定水产品中烷烃类、芳烃类污染物的方法进行验证,并检测三类样品。方法：通过氢氧化钠-乙醇皂化处理,用正已烷萃取,用石油醚溶解,测量萃取物荧光强度值进行定量。结果：测得标准油在0.00～12.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数0.9999,检出限为0.2 mg/kg,平均回收率90.2%,RSD5.4%。结论：本法准确度、灵敏度高,检出限低,操作稳定性好。     

3,6-(二甲氨基)-二苯骈碘杂六环葡萄糖酸盐对AGEP引起的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及牛主动脉内皮细胞内皮素和一氧化氮改变的影响

目的 :观察 3 ,6 (二甲氨基 ) 二苯骈碘杂六环葡萄糖酸盐对AGEP引起的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及牛主动脉内皮细胞内皮素和一氧化氮改变的影响。方法 :采用牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)与不同浓度葡萄糖 (0 ,2 0 ,5 0 ,80mmol·L-1)体外孵育制备糖基化终产物 (AGEP) ,应用 [3 H] TdR掺入法和MTT比色法观察I-93对重度糖化的AGEP诱导的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞 (ASMC)增殖的影响 ;应用放射免疫技术及Greiss法观察I -93对AGEP引起的牛主动脉内皮细胞 (BAEC)释放内皮素 1(ET 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)的影响。结果 :I-93 10 -7～ 10 -5mol·L-1能明显抑制AGEP引起的ASMC增殖 ,其 [3 H] TdR掺入量和MTT比色法的最大抑制率分别为79 .4%和 44 .2 %。随AGEP糖浓度的增加 (2 0～ 80mmol·L-1) ,BAEC培养液中ET 1含量亦逐渐上升 [(4 93± 63 )～ (779± 10 5 )ng·L-1] ,I -93 10 -7～ 10 -5mol·L-1能明显抑制重度糖化的AGEP促进ET 1释放的作用 ;I -93对AGEP灭活NO的作用有剂量依赖性抑制效应。结论 :I -93有抑制ASMC增殖的作用 ;对AGEP诱导的BAEC释放ET 1和NO间平衡失调有调节作用 ,在防治阻塞性血管疾病方面I -93具有潜在的应用价值     

股骨多段闭合骨折病人术前凝血功能的变化

目的 探讨股骨多段闭合骨折病人术前凝血功能的变化。方法 选择创伤股骨多段闭合骨折后当天入院的病人20例,年龄19-45岁,ASA Ⅰ级,为试验组(Ⅰ组);选择健康成年人15人,年龄21-39岁,作为对照组(Ⅱ组);Ⅱ组于清晨空腹采上肢静脉血标本,Ⅰ组病人入院后于骨折的第2天、第6天(手术当天清晨)空腹采上肢静脉血样本,检测血栓弹力图(TEG)指标[R时间、K时间、α角、血栓最大幅度(MA)、血栓硬度(G)]、D-二聚体浓度(D-Di)、血小板计数(PLC)及血小板聚集率(PAgR)的变化。结果 Ⅱ组TEG指标、D-Di、PLC及PAgR均在正常范围。与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组骨折后第2天,K时间缩短(P<0.05),α角、MA、G及D-Di增高(P<0.01);骨折后第6天,R时间缩短(P<0.05),α角、MA、G、D-Di、PLC及PagR增高(P<0.01)。与骨折后第2天比较,Ⅰ组骨折后第6天MA、G、PLT及PAgR增高(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 病人创伤骨折后凝血功能24 h内增强,随时间的延长至术日呈高凝状态,应加强术中管理,并采取相应措施预防术中静脉血栓的发生。     

Biocompatibility pattern of a bicarbonate/lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid in APD: a prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND: In chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, bicarbonate-buffered fluids, with their neutral pH and less advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) and glucose degradation products (GDP), have better biocompatibility than conventional peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. That difference may be more beneficial in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), due to its more frequent exchanges and longer contact times with fresh dialysate. We performed a prospective, randomized study in APD patients to compare the biocompatibility of conventional and bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PD fluids. METHODS: We randomized 14 APD patients to have APD with either conventional or bicarbonate/lactate-based fluids. After 6 months, both groups changed to the other solution. The overall observation period was 12 months. After 1 and 5 months and again after 7 and 11 months, phagocytotic and respiratory burst capacities of effluent peritoneal macrophages were determined. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as effluent IL-6, CRP, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, AGE and CA125 concentrations were measured. Inflow pain was quantified using a patient questionnaire. RESULTS: Respiratory burst capacity remained unchanged and phagocytotic activity increased significantly during APD (P<0.001) with the bicarbonate/lactate fluid. Effluent IL-6 release was significantly lower than with the lactate fluid (P<0.05). While in the effluent TGF-beta 1 was unaffected, AGE concentration was lower after bicarbonate/lactate treatment (P<0.05). Effluent CA125 concentration, an indicator of mesothelial cell integrity, was higher (P<0.05) in neutral effluents. Finally, patients' inflow pain diminished (P = 0.05) when using the neutral fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a neutral PD fluid in APD improved patients' inflow pain as well as biocompatibility parameters reflecting enhanced phagocytotic activity of peritoneal macrophages, reduced constitutive inflammatory stimulation (IL-6), reduced AGE accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and better preservation of the mesothelial cell integrity. From the biocompatibility point of view, a neutral fluid with low GDP content can be recommended as the primary choice for APD.