Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN) for spasticity in childhood

Overview Excess spasticity leads to disability that is marked by impaired locomotion, handicapping deformities and, if not controlled, discomfort and pain. Selective peripheral neurotomy in the child is indicated for severe focal spasticity, when botulinum toxin injections cannot delay surgery any longer. Materials and methods Preoperative motor blocks mimicking the outcome of the surgical procedure are essential to establish the objectives of neurotomy. In the lower limb, obturator neurotomy is indicated for spasticity in the adductor muscles, hamstring neurotomy for the knee flexion and tibial neurotomy for the spastic foot. Anterior tibial neurotomy is indicated for the extensor hallucis spasticity and femoral neurotomy for spasticity in the quadriceps. In the upper limb, neurotomy of the pectoralis major and teres major nerves is indicated for spasticity of the internal rotators of the shoulder. Neurotomy of the musculocutaneous nerve is indicated for spasticity of the flexors of the elbow, and neurotomy of median and ulnar nerves are indicated for spasticity of the pronators and flexors of the wrist and fingers. Conclusion Selective peripheral neurotomy is a valuable neurosurgical procedure in well-trained surgical hands for severe focalised spasticity.     

悬浮阵列技术在研究与临床中的应用

悬浮阵列技术是一种以荧光编码微球为核心,集流式细胞、激光分析、高速数字信号处理等多种技术于一体的多指标并行分析技术平台,可一次同时准确定量检测100种不同的生物分子;具有高通量、高灵敏度,并行检测等特点;常用于免疫分析、核酸研究、酶学分析、受体、配体识别分析等研究.     

Life-threatening respiratory failure due to cranial dystonia after dental procedure in a patient with multiple system atrophy.

We report on a woman with a an 8-year history of multiple system atrophy with predominance of parkinsonism who developed jaw-locking oromandibular dystonia within hours after insertion of ill-fitting dentures. Dystonia spread rapidly to involve other facial muscles and the larynx causing stridor with respiratory failure necessitating crush intubation.     

治疗血浓度下抗癫(癎)药对未成熟脑发育影响的实验研究

目的 探讨抗癫(癎)药物(AEDs)在治疗血浓度下对未成熟脑发育的影响.方法 以AEDs血浓度达到临床治疗稳态血浓度为实验剂量,设立健康幼鼠及成年SD大鼠氯硝西泮(CNP)、苯巴比妥(PB)、丙戊酸(VPA)、托吡酯(TPM)实验组及正常对照组(各18只).AEDs灌胃5周,于停药后次日、2周及1个月末,行Morris水迷宫及穿梭箱测试.停药当天记录体重、脑重,海马及额叶组织行苏木素-伊红(HE)、尼氏染色及电镜观察.结果 (1)停药后次日及2周的穿梭箱实验,幼鼠CNP和PB组逃避潜伏期明显长于对照组.即使停药后1个月,幼鼠CNP[(6.05±2.04)s]及PB组[(5.81±1.75)s]与对照组的差异仍有统计学意义[(4.75±2.43)s,P＜0.01].而停药后2周,成年鼠各AEDs组与对照组已无差异;(2)Morris水迷宫实验,分别于停药后次日、2周及1个月,幼鼠CNP和PB组登平台潜伏期均长于对照组.而成年鼠各组登平台潜伏期于停药后2周已无差异;(3)幼鼠CNP组脑重(1.67±0.04)g,PB组脑重(1.66±0.04)g,较对照[(1.75±0.06)g]轻;(4)神经元广泛变性坏死,神经细胞数[CNP组为(76.87±18.60)个/200倍视野,PB组(72.60±17.26)个/200倍视野]较对照少[(109.13±33.73)个/200倍视野,P＜0.01];(5)停药1个月后,PB组幼鼠神经元超微结构仍异常.结论 长期服用PB、CNP可引起未成熟脑学习记忆功能及脑组织病理学持续异常,PB对未成熟脑的损伤存在可能是不易恢复的.     

A comparison between the Regnauld arthroplasty and osteotomies of the first ray for the treatment of hallux valgus

This article is a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of Regnauld arthroplasty to first ray osteotomies for the treatment of hallux valgus. One hundred consecutive cases of Regnauld arthroplasties were compared with 100 consecutive first ray osteotomies. One hundred fourty-one patients were available for follow-up, and based on clinical/radiographic examinations, 72 were treated with the osteotomy protocol (group A) and 69 with Regnauld arthroplasty (group B). Age at surgery, clinical symptoms, and preoperative radiologic findings were similar for the 2 groups; there was a preponderance of female patients (90%). The average follow-up was 49 months in group A and 51 months in group B. Clinical evaluation showed in the osteotomy group a more stable correction (79% v 49%), greater pain reduction (measured in a visual analog scale from 0 = pain free to 10 = deep intolerable pain), increased residual articular excursion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (27 degrees of active dorsiflexion from neutral position v 8 degrees ), and less presence of central metatarsalgia (15% v 34%) (P <.05). The radiographic evaluation expressed more stable correction values in group A for the following parameters: joint preservation, sesamoid position, intermetatarsal angle (7 degrees v 12 degrees ), abduction angle of the hallux (14 degrees v 20 degrees ), and proximal articular set angle (8 degrees v 18 degrees ) (P <.05).     

护理人员工作中被针刺伤调查及对策

目的：了解护理人员被针刺伤的情况，为采取职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法：采用问卷调查法调查护理人员被针头伤的有关情况。结果：不同职称护理人员被针刺伤的情况存在差异高度显著性，P＜0．01；不同科室护理人员被针刺伤的操作环节比较均存在差异高度显著性，P＜0．01，绝大多数护理人员对针刺伤后的处理不规范。结论：护理人员应主动增强职业防护意识，加强职业防护管理；改进废弃的一次性医疗用品管理方法和尽快采用防刺性护理用具。     

Two-step hard acid deprotection/cleavage procedure for solid phase peptide synthesis

A new two-step deprotection/cleavage procedure for t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) based solid phase peptide synthesis is reported. First the protective groups are removed from 4-(oxymethyl)-phenylacetamidomethyl (PAM) resin attached peptide with the weak hard acid, trimethylsilyl bromide-thioanisole/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In the second step, the peptide is cleaved from the resin with a stronger hard acid such as trimethylsilvl trifluoromethanesulfonate in TFA or with HF. The method is also shown to deformylate Nⁱⁿ-formyltryptophan moiety efficiently. The usefulness of this procedure for practical solid phase peptide synthesis is demonstrated by comparison with other deprotection methods in the synthesis of urotensin II and human endothelin.     

二尖瓣置换合并射频迷宫术的体外循环管理

目的探讨二尖瓣置换合并射频迷宫术的体外循环 (CPB)方法。方法 :76例风湿性心脏二尖瓣病变合并房颤患者实施瓣膜置换时 ,采用心内直视射频消融迷宫术对其合并的心房纤颤予以治疗。先期的 13例 (A组 )患者在CPB转流阻闭升主动脉后进行射频消融术和二尖瓣置换 ;后期 6 3例 (B组 )采用阻断上下腔静脉后先射频消融右心房 ,再行二尖瓣置换和左房射频消融。结果 :A组 13例患者CPB转流 (10 4± 2 5 )min ,主动脉阻断 (6 1± 11)min。B组 6 3例患者CPB转流 (81± 19)min ,主动脉阻断 (47± 11)min ;应用冷晶体心肌保护患者开放升主动脉后心脏自动复跳率 5 5 .9% ,应用冷血心肌保护患者心脏自动复跳率 71.4 %。术后恢复窦性心律 6 4例 ,占 84 .2 %。结论 :在二尖瓣置换合并射频迷宫术的体外循环中阻闭升主动脉前先射频消融左房可以明显缩短体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间 ;应用冷血心肌保护液可以加强心肌保护效果且射频消融迷宫术治疗顽固性房颤效果明显     

Aortic regurgitation secondary to diastolic prolapse of a tubular intimal flap into the left ventricle in a patient with anuloaortic ectasia

A 32-year-old man with distal skeletal manifestations of Marfan's syndrome had experienced shortness of breath and orthopnea for one month. Physical examination showed the presence of severe aortic regurgitation. Both noninvasive and invasive studies revealed that the aortic regurgitation was induced by previously undescribed peculiar and unusual etiology: diastolic prolapse of a circumferentially dissected tubular intimal flap into the left ventricle. The patient underwent surgical repair with striking clinical improvement.     

Combined percutaneous antegrade and cystoscopic retrograde approach in the treatment of distal ureteric fistulae

Purpose To determine the efficacy of a cystoscopic approach, as definitive treatment of ureteral fistulae, after failure of antegrade ureteral stent insertion.Methods Of 43 ureter fistulae encountered over 4 years, 10 postoperative and/or postradiotherapy fistulae could not be stented via an antegrade approach alone. A cystoscopic approach was used, with the antegrade approach available as back-up, if necessary.Results In two patients the ureteral orifice could not be visualized cystoscopically, thus precluding the retrograde approach. In the eight remaining patients, the retrograde approach alone never allowed successful stenting. In six patients, combined antegrade and retrograde approaches permitted stent insertions. In three of those six patients, a complex catheterization procedure was necessary. In two patients the combined approach failed altogether. Therefore, 6 of 10 patients underwent a successful stenting procedure with the combined approach; all ultimately closed the fistula.Conclusion Antegrade stent insertion remains the treatment of choice for ureteral leaks. If the antegrade approach fails, the retrograde approach alone is not likely to be successful. Instead, a combination of both approaches often does succeed.