三羟异黄酮对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆及脑内氧化损伤的影响

目的：研究植物雌激素三羟异黄酮（GST）对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆的影响及其作用机制.方法：采用双侧颈总动脉结扎再灌注合并硝普钠降压法制作大鼠血管性痴呆模型,所有大鼠被分为模型对照组（O组）、假手术对照组（C 组）、三羟异黄酮组（GST组）和苯甲雌二醇组（BE2组）4组,采用大鼠跳台法、Morris水迷宫法检测各组大鼠学习记忆能力,并测定大鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧物酶（GSHPx）的含量.结果：GST组与O组相比,GST明显提高模型大鼠学习记忆能力,降低MDA,提高SOD、GSHPx的含量.结论：GST可能通过抗氧化损伤、清除自由基的作用,从而改善模型大鼠的学习记忆能力.     

Protective effects of intranasal curcumin on paraquot induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice

Paraquot (PQ) is widely and commonly used as herbicide and has been reported to be hazardous as it causes lung injury. However, molecular mechanism underlying lung toxicity caused by PQ has not been elucidated. Curcumin, a known anti-inflammatory molecule derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa has variety of pharmacological activities including free-radical scavenging properties but the protective effects of curcumin on PQ-induced acute lung injury (ALI) have not been studied. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of curcumin on ALI caused by PQ in male parke's strain mice which were challenged acutely by PQ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without curcumin an hour before (5 mg/kg, i.n.) PQ intoxication. Lung specimens and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were isolated for pathological and biochemical analysis after 48 h of PQ exposure. Curcumin administration has significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Lung wet/dry weight ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, total cell number and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in BALF as well as neutrophil infiltration were attenuated by curcumin. Pathological studies also revealed that intranasal curcumin alleviate PQ-induced pulmonary damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). These results suggest that intranasal curcumin may directly target lungs and curcumin inhalers may prove to be effective in PQ-induced ALI treatment in near future.     

超微细粉小复方对冠脉结扎大鼠血清SOD、MDA的影响

目的:观察具有益气活血通痹作用的中药超微细粉小复方对冠脉结扎大鼠血清SOD、MDA的影响。方法:通过冠脉结扎建立大鼠心肌缺血模型,63只大鼠随机分假手术组(Sham)、模型组(Model)、中粉组(Z)、超微细粉组(X)、煎剂组(J)、麝香保心丸组(SX)等7组,灌胃14天。观察心电图和血清SOD、MDA的变化。结果:益气活血通痹小复方能够降低心电图J点升高程度,升高SOD,降低MDA。结论:益气活血通痹小复方能够减轻心肌的缺血性损伤,可能与其调节血清SOD、MDA,减轻缺血后的氧化应激反应,从而发挥抗心肌缺血的作用有关。     

去氢表雄酮对培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞抗氧化能力的影响

为观察去氢表雄酮（DHEA）对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）抗氧化能力的影响,分别检测经不同浓度DHEA（1μmol/L,5μmol/L,50μmol/L）处理的HUVEC培养液中过氧化脂质代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果显示：经肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）干预后,培养液中SOD含量下降,MDA升高（P＜0．05）;加用DHEA后培养液中SOD含量回升,MDA下降,高浓度组作用最明显（P＜0．01）。结果表明,DHEA可增加内皮细胞的抗氧化能力,可能为其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。     

Free radical-induced elevation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing rat brain slices

Objective. In developing brain, we have previously shown both in vivo [L.D. Longo, S. Packianathan, J.A. McQueary, R.B. Stagg, C.V. Byus and C.D. Cain, Acute hypoxia increases ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine concentrations in fetal rat brain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 90 (1993) 692–696] and in vitro [S. Packianathan, C.D. Cain, B.H. Liwnicz and L.D. Longo, Ornithine decarboxylase activity in vitro in response to acute hypoxia: a novel use of newborn rat brain slices, Brain Res., Vol. 688 (1995) 61–71] that acute hypoxia is associated with a significant increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that oxygen free radicals induce an increase in ODC activity similar to that of hypoxia and that both this and the hypoxia-induced response are inhibited by free radical scavengers. Materials and methods. Slices of cerebrum, 300–500 μm thick, were made from P3 newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups and equilibrated for 1 h in artificial cerebrospinal fluid continuously bubbled with 95% O₂/5% CO₂. Free radical-induced ODC activity response was measured beginning after a 1-h recovery period. Experiments were performed on slices treated with 5×10⁻⁷ M xanthine (X)+10 mU/ml xanthine oxidase (XO), with or without the free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD; 100 U/ml), catalase (CAT; 700 U/ml) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX; 3 U/ml). We also quantified slice malonaldehyde concentrations in response to hypoxia (21% O₂/5% CO₂/74% N₂). Results. Under control conditions, ODC activity was stable during the 2-h post-recovery period. In response to X/XO treatment, ODC activity increased 2.3-fold at 1.5 h post-recovery. In examining ODC activity as a function of xanthine dose, we noted that ODC activity increased in response to 2.5×10⁻⁷ M xanthine; however, it decreased in response to 7.5×10⁻⁷ M or higher concentrations. Free radical-induced ODC activity was significantly decreased by addition of the free radical scavengers, SOD, CAT or GPX. In addition, the hypoxic-induced increases in ODC activity and malonaldehyde concentration was also eliminated by the addition of SOD with CAT. Conclusions. (1) Oxygen free radicals, particularly hydroxyl radical (OH^.), appear to trigger an induction of ODC activity in newborn rat cerebrum slices. (2) Oxygen free radicals also appear to mediate the hypoxic-induced increase in ODC activity. (3) Any consequent increase in polyamine synthesis may have profound effects on neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation in the developing brain.     

慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病大鼠的氧化应激研究

目的 研究乙醇及其代谢产物的直接毒性作用所导致的大鼠坐骨神经氧化抗氧化平衡机制异常,以探讨慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病的发病机制.方法 建立慢性乙醇中毒性周围神经病大鼠模型,在实验开始后第8,12,16周分别测定其坐骨神经的谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)值.结果 乙醇灌胃第8周乙醇组大鼠GSH、GSH-PX含量增加显著,MDA量无变化;灌胃第12周GSH量下降,GSH-PX继续增加,MDA无明显变化;灌胃第16周GSH继续下降,GSH-PX酶活力骤降,MDA量明显增加.结论 乙醇组大鼠坐骨神经中GSH,GSH-PX,MDA的动态变化反映了大鼠对乙醇损害的代偿性保护反应和最终抗氧化能力的降低导致了对组织的损害.     

Oxidative stress markers and C-reactive protein in end-stage renal failure patients on dialysis

OBJECTIVE: The inflammatory status is a well-documented factor influencing the development of oxidative stress in dialysis patients. This study intends to evaluate the inflammatory activity and the plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation products in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), by comparison with hemodialysis (HD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Plasma concentration of TAC, lipid peroxidation products and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 24 patients on PD, 32 HD patients (pre and post treatment) and 16 normal controls (NC). RESULTS: All patients had higher levels of TAC and lipid peroxidation products than NC (p < 0.001). Patients on PD, had similar levels to patients before HD but significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those post HD. The CRP concentration was higher in HD than in PD patients (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with CRP > 10 mg/l was 48% in HD patients and 21% in PD patients. No correlation was observed between CRP and TAC nor CRP and MDA levels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that although PD and HD patients show an equal susceptibility in oxidative stress, CRP levels are higher in HD patients and this is indicative of a higher degree of inflammatory activity in these patients.     

肾力欣颗粒对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛及尿蛋白含量影响

目的：研究肾力欣颗粒对肾脏切除所致的慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）模型大鼠血清中尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cre）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）以及尿蛋白含量的影响，初步验证、探讨其作用及作用机制。方法：摘除大鼠左肾，并同时切除1／3右肾，制备慢性肾功能衰竭模型。连续灌胃给药8周，测定大鼠尿蛋白以及血清中BUN、Cre、SOD、MDA的含量。结果：肾力欣颗粒能明显降低模型大鼠尿蛋白含量以及血清中BUN、Cre、MDA含量，与模型组比有显著性差异；显著提高血清中SOD含量。结论：肾力欣颗粒能促进氮质化合物的排出、有抗自由基氧化和保护肾脏作用，对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠有一定的防治作用。     

8-异前列腺素和丙二醛与老年患者术后认知功能障碍的探讨

【摘要】目的：探讨尿排泄率8-异前列腺素（U8-isoPG）与肌酐（Cr）的比值（U8-isoPG:Cr）和丙二醛（UMDA）与Cr的比值（UMDA:Cr）与老年患者术后认知功能障碍（POCD）的相关性。方法：72例＞65岁老年患者分别于手术前，手术后1周接受认知测试调查，通过“Z”评分确定认知功能障碍组（POCD组，21例）和非POCD组（对照组，51例）。分别于术前、术后1、2和7天收集晨尿。U8-isoPG采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法），UMDA采用测定分光光度检测，并检测Cr浓度。结果：⑴手术后第7天POCD组的U8-isoPG:Cr高于对照组，与手术前相比升高的值也高于对照组（P＜0.05）。⑵两组患者UMDA:Cr术后第1,2天较术前明显升高（P＜0.05），术后第7天较术前差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）；两组间比较差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：尿U8-isoPG是一个有价值的检测脂质过氧化标记物，可能与老年患者术后POCD有关；尿丙二醛没有参与早期POCD的发病机制。     

保健灸法对更年期大鼠抗氧化能力及脑组织中p53蛋白表达的影响

目的观察保健灸法对更年期大鼠抗氧化能力及脑组织中p53蛋白表达的影响,以探讨保健灸法抗氧化及细胞凋亡的作用。方法SD雌性大鼠42只,其中青年组14只,12月龄28只,随机分为对照组和保健灸组。实验两个月后采用分光光度法检测各组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用免疫组化法检测脑组织中p53蛋白的表达水平。结果与青年组比较,更年期对照组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,脑组织中p53蛋白表达水平明显升高。与更年期对照组比较,更年期保健灸组丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高(P<0.05)。脑组织p53蛋白表达水平明显的下降。结论保健灸法具有抗氧化的功能,并且可通过调控p53蛋白的表达,抑制细胞的凋亡,延缓衰老。