不同时机介入电针对模拟失重大鼠肝脏HSP 70、MDA、SOD和GSH-PX的影响

目的:观察预针刺和针刺治疗对模拟失重大鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量及热休克蛋白70(HSP 70)表达的影响,探讨电针对模拟失重大鼠肝脏损伤改善作用的相关机制。方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、预针刺组和针刺组,每组5只。大鼠尾部悬吊4周复制模拟失重模型。预针刺组在尾部悬吊前1周,电针刺激双侧"肾俞""脾俞"和"三阴交"穴,每次30min,每日1次;针刺组大鼠尾部悬吊过程中电针刺激"肾俞""脾俞"和"三阴交"穴,每次30min,隔日治疗1次,共针刺14次。采用免疫组化法检测大鼠肝脏组织HSP 70的表达情况,比色法检测大鼠肝脏组织SOD、GSH-PX活性和MDA含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏HSP 70呈强阳性反应,HSP 70表达量显著增加(P0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P0.01),SOD和GSH-PX活性显著降低(P0.05);与模型组比较,预针刺组大鼠肝脏HSP 70表达量显著降低(P0.01),SOD和GSH-PX活性略有升高(P0.05),MDA含量略有减少(P0.05),针刺组HSP 70表达量略有降低(P0.05),SOD活性和MDA含量略有升高(P0.05),GSH-PX活性略有降低(P0.05);与预针刺组相比,针刺组肝脏GSH-PX活性显著降低(P0.05),MDA含量显著升高(P0.05)。结论:预针刺可以明显抑制大鼠尾部悬吊引起的肝HSP 70表达的上调,从而可能有利于提高肝脏的抗氧化能力。     

幼年大鼠热卡限制对成年后胰岛β细胞功能的影响

将11周龄的SD大鼠随机分为对照组和热卡限制组,干预24周后比较两组大鼠的胰岛β细胞功能及氧化应激指标.结果 显示,从幼年期开始的热卡限制能改善成年大鼠糖负荷后的早期胰岛素分泌相,并减缓氧化应激,这些现象与其体重下降有关.     

六味地黄口服液对冷应激小鼠的保护作用

目的本研究通过冷刺激小鼠模型观察新老两种工艺制备的六味地黄口服液对冷应激损伤的影响及作用比较。方法将80只小鼠随机分成8组（正常组、冷应激组和两种六味地黄口服液不同剂量组）,连续灌胃7d,每日于（10±0.5）℃冷水中游泳5min,于末次实验后,取血清、脑、胸腺及脾组织,分别测定血清和脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,同时计算胸腺、脾脏指数。结果与模型组比较,六味地黄口服液可使冷应激小鼠血清中SOD活性升高;MDA含量和LDH活性降低（P〈0.05）;脑组织中MDA含量降低。两种工艺六味地黄口服液中、大剂量给药组可以增大胸腺和脾脏指数。结论六味地黄口服液对冷刺激引起的氧化应激损伤有明显保护作用。     

Shikonin ameliorates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in mice via the MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway

Oxidative stress acts as the major causative factor for various age‐associated neurodegenerative diseases, triggering cognitive and memory impairments. In the present study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism governing how shikonin acts against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neuron damage was examined. The results revealed that chronic administration of D-gal [150 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)] in mice caused cognitive and memory impairments, as determined by Morris water-maze test. Shikonin treatment, however, alleviated D‐gal-induced memory impairment and reversed the D‐gal-induced neural damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, western blotting and the results of morphological analysis revealed that shikonin treatments markedly reduced D‐gal induced neuroinflammation through inhibition of astrocytosis as determined by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection, and downregulating other inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Moreover, shikonin treatment led to inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), preventing neurodegeneration. Hence, taken together, the results of the present study suggested that shikonin attenuated D‐gal-induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, possibly via the NF‐κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our data suggest that shikonin could be a promising, endogenous and compatible antioxidant candidate for age‐associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.     

Hepatoprotective potential of Tecomella undulata stem bark is partially due to the presence of betulinic acid

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tecomella undulata (TU;` Family Bignoniaceae) is used in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for treating various diseases including hepatic ailments. It is also incorporated in various marketed hepatoprotective polyherbal formulations.

Aim

The present study was aimed at evaluating possible hepatoprotective role of isolated compounds from TU stem bark (TSB) using in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Methods

In vitro cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential of various extract, fractions and isolated compounds from TU stem bark were evaluated using HepG2 cells. Rats were pre-treated with TU methanolic extract (TSB-7) or betulinic acid (MS-2) or silymarin for 7 days followed by a single dose of CCl₄ (0.5 ml/kg, i.p.). Plasma markers of hepatic damage, hepatic antioxidants and indices of lipid peroxidation along with microscopic evaluation of liver were assessed in control and treatment groups.

Results

TSB-2 and MS-1 accounted for significant cell death whereas; TSB-1, TBS-7, TSB-9, TSB-10 and, MS-2 did not register significant cytotoxicity. Further, non-cytotoxic components exhibited ascending grade of hepatoprotection in vitro (TSB-10<TSB-1<TSB-7<TSB-9<MS-2). Pre-treatment of TSB-7 or MS-2 to CCl₄ treated rats prevented hepatocyte damage as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological observations.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that, hepatoprotective potential of Tecomella undulata stem bark is partially due to the presence of betulinic acid.     

染苯大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的观察

目的 探讨苯对大鼠脂质过氧化及酶促体系和非酶促体系的抗氧化反应的影响。方法 健康SD大鼠48只,分成4组,设一对照组,其余3组按126mg/kg(低剂量组）,190mg/kg（中剂量组）、380mg/kg(高剂量组）量作灌胃染毒,于第1次染毒后第10天、第45天、第90天采血,取血清分别检测TAC、MDA含量及SOD活性。结果 低、中剂量组,在染毒第45天时,SOD活性下降,在染毒第90天时,SOD活性回升;高剂量组,随着染毒时间的延长,SOD活性及TAC含量均逐渐降低;低、中、高剂量组,MDA含量均随染毒时间的延长而升高,TAC与MDA含量均值间的相关系数r=0.7514,TAC含量与SOD活性均值间的相关系数r=0.8207。结论 苯能诱导大鼠产生脂质过氧化反应,使其抗氧化能力降低。     

男性吸烟者血清SOD及MDA水平的量化研究

目的探讨吸烟对人体内血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响.方法采用横断面调查方法,对226名健康男性吸烟者和非吸烟者测定血清SOD和MDA.结果吸烟组血清SOD和MDA含量均明显高于非吸烟组(P＜0.001);在吸烟者中,随着吸烟年限增加,血清MDA含量增加(P＜0.05),而SOD含量未见显著性差异.结论吸烟对机体抗氧化能力有影响.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及其相关高血压患者血清过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛水平的变化

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关高血压(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea associated hypertension,OSAHAHT)患者血清过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)水平的变化.方法 选择OSAHS患者24例,OSAHAHT患者21例;正常对照组23名,测定血清CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平.并与睡眠呼吸监测指标进行相关分析.结果 与正常对照组比较,OSAHS组及OSAHAHT组血清CAT、GSH-PX活性均降低(P<0.01),MDA浓度均升高(P<0.01).OSAHS及OSAHAHT患者血清CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平与反映睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的指标有相关性(P<0.01).结论 OSAHS患者存在CAT、GSH-PX、MDA水平的变化,且与OSAHS的病情严重程度相关;氧化应激及氧化损伤在OSAHAHT患者中更明显.     

Nitrite content and antioxidant enzyme levels in the blood of schizophrenia patients

RATIONALE: Recent studies have suggested augmentation in the inflammatory response as well as involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in mood disorders. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), NO and free radicals have been associated with inflammatory response; however, the status of NO in the PMN has not been investigated so far in schizophrenia patients. OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to investigate levels of nitrite (a metabolite of NO), malonaldehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation product) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the PMN of schizophrenia patients. METHODS: Patients with schizophrenia (n=62) were diagnosed according to DSM-IV and were free of anti-psychotic medications/ECT for at least 3 months. Mean age of the patients was 29.06+/-1.17 years, with a male to female ratio of 4:1, and mean duration of illness was 3.7+/-0.6 years. The control group consisted of 82 healthy subjects with a mean age of 37.0+/-1.26 and a male to female ratio of 5:1. PMN were isolated from the blood. Nitrite, MDA and antioxidant enzymes were estimated by standard biochemical techniques in the PMN of normal healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Platelet and plasma nitrite levels were also estimated in controls and schizophrenia patients. RESULTS: Nitrite content in the PMN was reduced to 68%, while plasma and platelet nitrite content in schizophrenia patients was not significantly changed in comparison to controls. Malonaldehyde (MDA) content in PMN was significantly augmented in schizophrenia patients but activity of SOD, catalase and Gpx remain unaltered. CONCLUSION: Results obtained indicate a significant decrease in NO synthesis and an increase in MDA in the PMN of schizophrenia patients, while antioxidant enzyme activities were not altered in the PMN of schizophrenia patients. This suggests that the decrease in PMN NO synthesis by PMN might lead to oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients.     

超微细粉小复方对冠脉结扎大鼠血清SOD、MDA的影响

目的:观察具有益气活血通痹作用的中药超微细粉小复方对冠脉结扎大鼠血清SOD、MDA的影响。方法:通过冠脉结扎建立大鼠心肌缺血模型,63只大鼠随机分假手术组(Sham)、模型组(Model)、中粉组(Z)、超微细粉组(X)、煎剂组(J)、麝香保心丸组(SX)等7组,灌胃14天。观察心电图和血清SOD、MDA的变化。结果:益气活血通痹小复方能够降低心电图J点升高程度,升高SOD,降低MDA。结论:益气活血通痹小复方能够减轻心肌的缺血性损伤,可能与其调节血清SOD、MDA,减轻缺血后的氧化应激反应,从而发挥抗心肌缺血的作用有关。