Management of malignant biliary obstruction: Technical and clinical results using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene (ePTFE/FEP)-covered metallic stent after 6-year experience

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-fluorinated ethylene-propylene (ePTFE/FEP)-covered metallic stent in the management of malignant biliary obstruction. Eighty consecutive patients with malignant common bile duct strictures were treated by placement of 83 covered metallic stents. The stent-graft consists of an inner ePTFE/FEP lining and an outer supporting structure of nitinol wire. Clinical evaluation, assessment of serum bilirubin and liver enzyme levels were analyzed before biliary drainage, before stent-graft placement and during the follow-up period at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Technical success was obtained in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 6.9±4.63 months, the 30-day mortality rate was 14.2%. Survival rates were 40% and 20.2% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Stent-graft patency rates were 95.5%, 92.6% and 85.7% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Complications occurred in five patients (6.4%); among these, acute cholecystitis was observed in three patients (3.8%). A stent-graft occlusion rate of 9% was observed. The percentage of patients undergoing lifetime palliation (91%) and the midterm patency rate suggest that placement of this ePTFE/FEP-covered stent-graft is safe and highly effective in achieving biliary drainage in patients with malignant strictures of the common bile duct.     

低剂量半身照射对恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 评价低剂量辐射对恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响。方法 将20例患者(其中非何杰金氏淋巴瘤13例、小细胞肺癌7例)随机分为两组:HBR组和RR组。其中HBR组10例患者采用常规放疗(RR)加低剂量半身照射,低剂量半身照射方法为10 cGy/次,2次/周,总剂量为100 cGy,每次均间隔6～8 h再行常规放疗;RR组10例患者只予以常规放疗。采用流式细胞术(FCM)双标法检测HBR与RR组在放疗前、中、后外周血淋巴细胞CD₄、CD₈、CD₂₅和CD₅₆等指标的变化。结果 照射后RR组患者的CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺降低(P<0.05),HBR组患者的CD₄⁺升高(P<0.05),CD₂₅⁺和CD₅₆⁺分子表达均明显地增加(P<0.05),放疗前和放疗后CD₈⁺均低(P<0.05),放疗中(P<0.05)和放疗后(P<0.01)CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺均高。结论 低剂量半身照射可增强机体的免疫功能。     

异体骨关节移植后骨愈合的X线形式及影响因素

目的探讨肢体恶性肿瘤接受大段同种异体骨关节移植后和异体骨愈合在X线的表现及影响因素，以改进手术方法。方法1992年5月～1999年3月，对收治的90例中可纳入统计的85例骨恶性肿瘤在手术切除长段骨关节后，应用不同内固定方式进行异体骨关节移植，其中16例保留髁部关节面的异体骨段移植，57例异体关节移植，9例复合异体骨段人工髋关节置换，3例膝关节置换。术后平均随访2年9个月，以X线片表现判定骨愈合方式，依据Enneking肢体恶性肿瘤保肢术后的肢体功能标准，评价手术结果。结果85例101处异体骨与自体骨接合部有91处达到临床骨愈合。根据X线片表现特征，异体骨与自体骨间有4种愈合方式，其中以断端周围形成外骨痴、同时植骨间隙逐渐消失最多见；内固定不牢固是引起术后骨不愈合的主要原因；异体骨周围软组织覆盖、血供差及大段异体骨移植后诱发的免疫排异反应等可能影响骨愈合；远离异体骨与自体骨结合部的肿瘤复发或感染、不同长度的异体骨对骨愈合无肯定的负作用；选用牢固的髓内固定、断端周围植骨及采用骨膜袖套技术可减少术后骨不愈合的发生。结论大段异体骨关节移植后骨愈合有不同的X线片表现形式。手术设计应为异体骨提供充足的血液供应、牢固的内固定支撑和完善的软组织覆盖。     

补肾解毒方对恶性肿瘤化疗中骨髓抑制的影响

目的:探讨补肾解毒方对恶性肿瘤化疗中骨髓抑制的影响。方法:选择恶性肿瘤化疗患者152例为研究对象,以随机数字表法分组,分为观察组与对照组,各76例。对照组单纯接受常规化疗,观察组在常规化疗基础上口服补肾解毒中药复方制剂。对比两组患者两个化疗疗程完成率及第1疗程中血象情况。结果:观察组两个化疗疗程完成率为97.37%,显著高于对照组的84.21%(P<0.05);第1疗程化疗后1周、3周时,观察组各血象指标均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:补肾解毒方可减轻恶性肿瘤化疗患者骨髓抑制,有助于骨髓造血功能恢复,提高化疗耐受性和成功率,值得临床推广。     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy in pediatric patients

Background

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of both benign diseases and malignancies. We report our experience in thyroid surgery in pediatric patients.

Methods

From October 1998 to December 2005, 35 patients (27 females and 8 males) underwent MIVAT for thyroid disease. The mean age was 14.0 years (range, 8-18 years); mean ecographically estimated thyroid volume was 11.13 mL (range, 8-25 mL).

Results

A total thyroidectomy was performed in 22 patients, whereas lobectomy was performed in 13. Two patients of the latter group had a second lobectomy for a false-negative result at frozen section during the first operation. One patient underwent also a prophylactic central neck dissection for positive RET oncogene. The histologic examination found a papillary carcinoma in 11 patients, a microfollicular nodule in 7 patients, and multinodular goiter in 17 patients. The mean operative time was 54.1 minutes for thyroidectomy (range, 25-110 minutes) and 38.5 minutes for lobectomy (range, 20-65 minutes). All patients but one was discharged on the first postoperative day. One transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in the patient who underwent total thyroidectomy plus central neck lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions

The MIVAT technique proved to be as safe and effective as conventional thyroidectomy with Kocher approach to treat patients with both benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland. The advantages of MIVAT are represented by a better and faster postoperative course and an improved aesthetic result, which is particularly important in this group of patients.     

手部恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤临床研究

目的 研究恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤的临床、病理、免疫组织化学特点及临床转归.方法 1991年1月至2001年12月对我院诊断的10例恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤患者的临床资料进行分析.复习患者HE切片及X线片,对石蜡包埋组织进行免疫组织化学染色和流式细胞检测.结果 10例患者中3例证实为其他类型肉瘤.其余7例患者中仅有1例临床表现出明显的恶性行为:多次复发,最后出现肺部转移死亡,此患者免疫组织化学染色结果符合腱鞘巨细胞瘤的免疫表型,流式细胞检测显示异倍体;其余6例患者组织病理表现显示为恶变,其中4例有免疫组织化学检测结果,显示符合腱鞘巨细胞瘤的免疫特征,流式细胞检测显示1例DNA倍体类型为异倍体类型,3例为二倍体,S期细胞百分比分别为4.5%,11.6%和2.6%.对其肿物切除和扩大切除后,未经化疗和放疗,随访1.5～7.5年,平均4.5年,未见复发和转移.结论 恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤极为罕见,一些患者预后极差.但一些组织病理表现恶性的腱鞘巨细胞瘤,如能彻底切除,仍有较好的临床结果.     

A left knee wound complication by non-Hodgkins lymphoma in bilateral total knee arthroplasties

A 70-year-old woman with a history of bilateral primary knee osteoarthritis presented with a left knee wound complication, a non-Hodgkins lymphoma, after bilateral total knee arthroplasties. After exploring several etiologies, the evidence in this unusual case suggests a coincidental preexisting lymphoma.

恶性高热实验室诊断方法的初步建立

目的 初步建立恶性高热(MH)的实验室诊断方法-咖啡因-氟烷骨骼肌收缩试验(CHCT).方法 选取10头实验小型猪和1头皮特兰猪,肌肉注射氯胺酮和地西泮麻醉后,静脉注射硫喷妥钠5mg/kg和琥珀胆碱2mg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气,吸入2%～3%氟烷4 h,新鲜气流量为2 L/min,纯氧和空气各1 L/min.记录麻醉过程中及麻醉结束后48 h内MH的发生情况.气管插管后即刻取耳组织,采用常规酚氯仿方法提取基因组DNA,检测蓝尼定受体-1(RYR1)基因的突变情况.根据北美MH研究组的标准建立CHCT的实验装置,气管插管后即刻取股四头肌近肌腱部位的肌纤维,进行CHCT.结果 实验小型猪均未见MH发作,而皮特兰猪在麻醉过程中出现MH的特征性表现.RYR1基因检测显示,实验小型猪均为氟烷抗性基因型(HALNN);皮特兰猪为氟烷易感基因型(HALnn).CHCT结果表明,实验小型猪诊断为非MH易感猪,皮特兰猪诊断为MH易感猪.结论 .实验小型猪和皮特兰猪的CHCT诊断结果与特征性表现及RYR1基因检测结果均一致,初步验证本实验室CHCT设备的稳定性及测定结果的可靠性.     

中国人恶性高热家系蓝尼定受体-1基因的筛查

目的 筛查中国人恶性高热(MH)家系的蓝尼定受体-1(RYR1)基因.方法 提取确诊为MH的先证者及家系其他成员外周血白细胞的基因组DNA,采用PCR扩增先证者RYR1基因的部分外显子,并进行直接测序,采用Fok Ⅰ限制酶分析验证先证者及家系其他成员基因突变情况.结果 先证者RYR1基因第6 724位碱基C突变为T(c.6724 C＞T),所编码第2 206位氨基酸由苏氨酸变为甲硫氨酸(p.T 2206 M),此突变在白种人已报道;先证者的4个子女中有2个为该错义突变携带者,为MH易感者.结论 中国人MH易感者携带与白种人MH易感者相同的RYR1基因突变.     

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: An Unusual Cause of Intussusception

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are defined as any tumor arising from a peripheral nerve or showing nerve sheath differentiation. The majority of these tumors arise on the trunk, extremities, or head and neck region. The literature to date has fewer than 14 cases of MPNST arising in the gastrointestinal tract, and only two cases were ever reported in the small intestine, one of which was a recurrent disease. In this paper, we report the first US case of an MPNST arising in the small intestine and presenting as intussusception.