多环黏膜切除术在大肠癌肠道病变中的应用

目的探讨多环黏膜切除术在肠道病变治疗中应用的可行性。方法采用多环黏膜切除术治疗18例大肠癌患者肠道扁平病灶,观察其切除率及出血、穿孔等并发症的发生概率。结果多环黏膜切除术切除率达85.00%,出血率为11.76%。结论多环黏膜切除术安全可靠、创伤小,疗效确切。     

Diffuse xanthoma in early esophageal cancer: A case report

BACKGROUNDGastrointestinal xanthomas are asymptomatic and infrequent non-neoplastic lesions that commonly occur in the stomach with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and rarely in the esophagus. To date, there have been no reports of esophageal xanthoma combined with esophageal cancer. Herein, we present the first case in the literature of a diffuse xanthoma complicated with early esophageal cancer. Moreover, this combination makes the endoscopic diagnosis difficult if it is not in mind.CASE SUMMARYA 68-year-old man visited our department with a 2-mo history of epigastric discomfort. He underwent surgery for gastric cancer 6 years ago. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a semi-circumferential irregular yellowish-colored and granular lesion in the esophagus (30-35 cm from the incisors). Using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging, aggregated minute and yellowish-colored spots with tortuous microvessels on the surface were observed, and background coloration was clearly seen in the lesion. As endoscopic biopsy suggested a histologically high-grade dysplasia; the lesion was completely resected en bloc by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The resected specimen was confirmed to be a squamous cell carcinoma in situ with extensive foamy cells in the superficial mucosal layer. Immunohistochemically, the observed foamy cells were strongly positive for CD68, which is characteristic of xanthoma. The clinical course was favorable, and no recurrence was observed 2 years and 7 mo after ESD.CONCLUSIONDiffuse xanthoma concurrent with early esophageal cancer is extremely rare. The characteristic endoscopic features may assist endoscopists in diagnosing similar lesions.     

Endoscopic surveillance of gastric cancers after Helicobacter pylori eradication

The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer remains high in East Asian countries. Current data suggest that Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication might be more effective for preventing gastric cancer in young people before they develop atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. However, the long-term effect of H. pylori eradication on metachronous cancer prevention after endoscopic resection(ER) of early gastric cancer remains controversial, with some discordance between results published for Japanese and Korean studies.The detection ability of synchronous lesions before ER and eradication of H. pylori directly influences these results. After eradication, some gastric cancers are more difficult to diagnose by endoscopy because of morphologic changes that lead to a flat or depressed appearance. Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy(NBI-ME) is expected to be useful for identifying metachronous cancers. However, some gastric cancers after eradication show a "gastritislike"appearance under NBI-ME. The gastritis-like appearance correlates with the histological surface differentiation of the cancer tubules and superficial non-neoplastic epithelium atop or interspersed with the cancer. Till date, it remains unclear whether H.pylori eradication could prevent progression of gastric cancer. Until we can establish more useful endoscopic examination methodologies, regular endoscopic surveillance of high-risk groups is expected to be the most beneficial approach for detection.     

Narrow band imaging with magnification for the diagnosis of lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract

Endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal(GI)tract disorders.Chromoendoscopy has proven to be superior to white light endoscopy for early detection of various GI lesions.This has however been fraught with problems.The use of color stains,time taken to achieve an effect and the learning curve associated with the technique has been some of the pitfalls.Narrow band imaging(NBI)particularly in combination with magnifying endoscopy may allow the endoscopist to accomplish a fairly accurate diagnosis with good histological correlation similar to results achieved with chromoendoscopy.Such enhanced detection of pre-malignant and early neoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract should allow better targeting of biopsies and could ultimately prove to be cost effective.Various studies have been done demonstrating the utility of this novel technology.This article will review the impact of NBI in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders.     

窄带成像结合放大内镜在早期胃癌及癌前病变诊断中的应用价值评估

胃癌是我国发病率及病死率极高的恶性肿瘤之一,时刻威胁着人群的健康。早期诊断胃癌,予以及时的治疗,能够提升胃癌患者的预后,改善患者生存质量,达到控制甚至是治愈胃癌的目的。窄带成像与放大内镜技术是当前内镜诊断中的新兴技术,也是热点技术。与传统技术相比,其在早期胃癌及癌前病变中的诊断优势明显,能够显著提升诊断效率,改善患者预后。     

Helicobacter pylori Infection Is the Major Risk Factor for Gastric Inflammation in the Cardia

We attempted to clarify the pathogenesis of gastric inflammation in the cardia. Eighty Japanese participated in this study. Biopsy specimens of the gastric antrum, corpus, and cardia (1 cm from the squamocolumnar junction) were obtained, and histological gastritis was evaluated. Cardiac inflammation was also evaluated using magnifying gastroscopy. We examined Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric juice pH/bile acid (BA), serum pepsinogen and gastrin levels, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and habitual smoking and assessed the relations between these factors and cardiac inflammation. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was statistically higher in patients with cardiac inflammation than in those without inflammation (P < 0.05). The relationship was also demonstrated by magnifying gastroscopy. Cardiac inflammation was linked to low acid output but not linked to the BA concentration or habitual smoking. Cardiac inflammation was more pronounced in patients without GERD. These results suggest that H. pylori is a major risk factor for cardiac inflammation in the Japanese.     

Prediction of colorectal tumor grade and invasion depth through narrow-band imaging scoring

AIM To determine the usefulness of assigning narrow-band imaging(NBI) scores for predicting tumor grade and invasion depth in colorectal tumors.METHODS A total of 161 colorectal lesions were analyzed from138 patients who underwent endoscopic or surgical resection after conventional colonoscopy and magnifying endoscopy with NBI. The relationships between the surface and vascular patterns of the lesions, as visualized with NBI, and the tumor grade and depth of submucosa(SM) invasion were determined histopathologically.Scores were assigned to distinct features of the surface microstructures of tubular and papillary-type lesions.Using a multivariate analysis, a model was developed for predicting the tumor grade and depth of invasion based on NBI-finding scores.RESULTS NBI findings that correlated with a high tumor grade were associated with the "regular/irregular"(P 0.0001)surface patterns and the "avascular area" pattern(P =0.0600). The vascular patterns of "disrupted vessels"(P = 0.0714) and "thick vessels"(P = 0.0133) but none of the surface patterns were associated with a depth of invasion of ≥ 1000 μm. In our model, a total NBIfinding score ≥ 1 was indicative of a high tumor grade(sensitivity: 0.97; specificity: 0.24), and a total NBIfinding score ≥ 9(sensitivity: 0.56; specificity: 1.0) was predictive of a SM invasion depth ≥ 1000 μm. Scores less than these cutoff values signified adenomas and a SM invasion depth 1000 μm, respectively. Associations were also noted between selected NBI findings and tumor tissue architecture and histopathology.CONCLUSION Our multivariate statistical model for predicting tumor grades and invasion depths from NBI-finding scores may help standardize the diagnosis of colorectal lesions and inform therapeutic strategies.     

Diagnostic ability of blue laser imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy for early esophageal cancer

BackgroundBlue laser imaging (BLI) is a new image-enhanced endoscopy technique that utilizes a laser light source developed for narrow-band light observation.AimsTo evaluate the value of BLI combined with magnifying endoscopy (M-BLI) for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancers (EECs).MethodsThis single-center prospective study analyzed 149 patients with focal esophageal lesions detected with white light endoscopy (WLE) at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between April 2015 and June 2017. In this study, patients were examined sequentially with narrow-band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy (M-NBI), M-BLI and 1.25% Lugol’s iodine chromoendoscopy. The concordance between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was evaluated using the agreement (kappa) test. The paired chi-square test was used to compare the concordance of M-NBI, M-BLI and Lugol’s iodine chromoendoscopy.ResultsThis study analyzed 153 lesions (four patients had two lesions each). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, concordance rates and kappa value of M-BLI were 95.2%, 91.9%, 85.7%, 92.8% and 0.891, respectively; those of M-NBI were 95.2%, 92.8%, 87.5%, 93.5% and 0.906; and those of Lugol’s iodine chromoendoscopy were 95.2%, 94.6%, 91.3%, 94.8% and 0.936.ConclusionM-BLI has a diagnostic profile similar to that of M-NBI and could improve the accuracy of EEC diagnosis.     

放大窄带成像和血清学检测对萎缩性胃炎诊断的对比性评估

目的评估放大窄带成像(ME-NBI)内窥镜检查和血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR)、胃泌素-17(G-17)和CA724检查在检测老年萎缩性胃炎中的诊断价值。方法选取2019年3—10月至郑州大学第二附属医院消化内科就诊的150例患者,同时行血清学及ME-NBI检查,收集相关病例的发病年龄、性别、血清学相关指标及ME-NBI内窥镜检查图像,将其胃黏膜图像和血清学标志物与组织学进行比较,并行相关分析。结果选取的150例患者,ME-NBI诊断萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的准确度为0.91(95%CI 0.87～0.96),灵敏度、特异度分别为0.94、0.88;血清学指标G-17、PGⅠ、PGR和CA724在阈值分别为4.05、71.44、9.93、3.38时,灵敏度分别为80.2%、54.3%、82.7%、60.3%,特异度分别为73.9%、92.8%、65.2%、65.2%。G-17、PGⅠ、PGR和CA724的AUC分别为0.819、0.783、0.790、0.642。PGⅠ、PGR二者联合诊断CAG的AUC为0.827,灵敏度、特异度分别为79.0%、73.9%。ME-NBI与PGⅠ、PGR及PGⅠ、PGR二者联合诊断准确率相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论尽管血清学指标对CAG有一定的诊断价值,但ME-NBI内窥镜检查在萎缩性胃炎诊断方面更准确。