大容量注射液触发点注射在治疗肌筋膜痛综合征中的应用研究

目的比较不同容量注射液触发点注射在治疗肌筋膜痛综合征中的效果。方法选48例肌筋膜痛综合征患者，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，随机分成A、B两组，A组为试验组，B组为对照组。A组每一触发点注射配制液8～10ml，B组每一触发点注射配制液3～5ml，观察两组患者在治愈率、并发症及疗程等方面情况并在疗程结束后随访，将两组结果进行统计学比较。结果第1疗程后A组治愈率较B组有优势（P〈0．05）。第2疗程结束后两组患者在治愈率上的差异已无统计学意义，两组患者均未有并发症发生。随访1a，B组有2例好转的患者复发且A、B两组的患者在治愈率上也有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论较大容量注射液触发点注射疗法较传统疗法治疗肌筋膜痛综合征在疗程、疗效及降低复发率方面有一定优势。     

Attenuated plasticity in neurons and astrocytes in the mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B

Sanfilippo syndrome type B (MPS III B) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by profound mental retardation and early death. It is caused by deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme involved in heparan sulfate (HS) degradation. Because HS accumulation can be a major feature of this disease, we have examined crucial molecular systems associated with HS function. Using a knockout mouse with disruption of the gene responsible for HS degradation, we evaluated the effects of possible HS accumulation on neuroplasticity that are within the spectrum of action of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptor (FGFR). We found that levels of mRNA for the FGFR-1 were attenuated in the mutant mice by the age of 6 months, whereas the mRNAs for FGF-1 and FGF-2 were reduced or unchanged in the brain regions tested. Neurogenesis, in which FGF-2 is involved, was inhibited in the MPS III B mouse brain at both young and adult ages. We also examined the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene and GFAP-positive cell density in both normal and injured conditions to study the functional response of astrocytes to insult. We found that, although the mutation alone caused drastic induction of reactive astrocytes, acute injury to the mutant brains failed to induce additional reactive astrocytes. Our results showed important alterations in the expression of several genes involved in the maintenance of neuroplasticity in the MPS III B. This in turn may result in reduction of neuronal health and brain function.     

Identification and characterization of -3c-g acceptor splice site mutation in human alpha-L-iduronidase associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S

DNA screening for mutations in the alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene was performed in a Chinese mucopolysaccharidosis type IH/S patient. The patient had two different mutations: the maternal allele has L346R (t-g transversion in codon 346) and the paternal allele has 388-3c-g (c-g transversion at position -3 of the 3' splice site of intron 2). In transfected COS-7 cells, L346R showed no appreciable IDUA activity (0.4% of normal activity), although it did not cause an apparent reduction in IDUA mRNA or protein level. The 388-3c-g mutation profoundly affects normal splicing leading to a very unstable mRNA. Expression of the IDUA cDNA containing the mutated acceptor splice site showed trace amounts of enzyme activity (1.6% of normal activity). The results provide further support for the importance of cytosine at the -3 position in RNA processing.     

Massively parallel sequencing on human cleavage-stage embryos to detect chromosomal abnormality

Purpose

Next-generation sequencing technology like MPS has recently been introduced to perform comprehensive chromosome screening on human trophectoderm samples for preimplantation embryo assessment. However, the potential of MPS in chromosome analysis of single cell from blastomeres has not yet been investigated.

Loading 3-deazaneplanocin A into pegylated unilamellar liposomes by forming transient phenylboronic acid-drug complex and its pharmacokinetic features in Sprague-Dawley rats

3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) is an attractive epigenetic anticancer agent through the inhibition of the cellular enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein. The purpose of this study was to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of DZNep in vivo through developing a unilamellar pegylated liposomal formulation encapsulating DZNep (L-DZNep). A remote-loading method in the presence of phenylboronic acid (R-w-PBA) was developed to stably encapsulating DZNep inside liposomes (encapsulation efficiency = 50.7% at molar ratio of 1:10 of drug to lipids) through forming a transient PBA-DZNep complex. The pharmacokinetics of L-DZNep was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In comparison with free drug, encapsulation of the DZNep in pegylated liposomes resulted in 99.3% reduction of the plasma clearance, whereas it increased the elimination half-life from 1.1 h to 8.0 h and the area under the plasma concentration curve by 138-fold. These findings demonstrate a novel approach (R-w-PBA method) through the development of L-DZNep, which may be extensively applied for the encapsulation of hydrophilic nucleoside analogs containing vicinal hydroxyl groups and protonable amino in the pegylated liposomes. Additionally, the pegylated liposomes could effectively prolong the retention of DZNep in the systemic circulation and therefore is highly likely to increase the DZNep’s tumor localization.     

化红胶囊治疗围绝经期综合征50例临床研究

目的观察化红胶囊治疗围绝经期综合征的临床疗效。方法将符合围绝经期综合征诊断标准的100名患者,随机分为治疗组（50例）和对照组（50例）,治疗组采用化红胶囊治疗,对照组采用戊酸雌二醇片和谷维素治疗,连续用药3个月。疗程结束后观察治疗前后两组患者的临床症状、内分泌变化及安全性指标等情况。结果治疗组总有效率为80%,高于对照组的52%（P〈0.05）;治疗组的临床证候改善显著优于对照组;而治疗后两组E2均上升,FSH、LH均下降,与本组治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;两组治疗后组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,证明两组用药均在改善女性围绝经期激素水平上面起到积极的作用。结论化红胶囊能有效治疗女性围绝经期综合征,明显改善临床症状,并在一定程度上改善血清性激素水平,临床应用安全有效,无明显毒副作用,值得进一步研究和临床推广使用。     

Screen testing cardiovascular prevention in asymptomatic diabetic patients

It has recently been proposed that asymptomatic diabetic patients undergo routine screening for subclinical atherosclerotic disease using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. We herein analyze the expected cost and benefit associated with such a conditional test-treatment strategy (scintigraphic testing followed by statin treatment in positive test responders) in comparison to an unconditional treatment strategy (no testing and statin treatment in all). This analysis shows that unconditional treatment is the dominant strategy, costing 24% less ($3.2 billion) and preventing 25% more (16,800) atherosclerotic events annually on a national basis.     

Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery

Nanotechnology could be defined as the technology that has allowed for the control, manipulation, study, and manufacture of structures and devices in the “nanometer” size range. These nano-sized objects, e.g., “nanoparticles”, take on novel properties and functions that differ markedly from those seen from items made of identical materials. The small size, customized surface, improved solubility, and multi-functionality of nanoparticles will continue to open many doors and create new biomedical applications. Indeed, the novel properties of nanoparticles offer the ability to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways. This rapidly growing field requires cross-disciplinary research and provides opportunities to design and develop multifunctional devices that can target, diagnose, and treat devastating diseases such as cancer. This article presents an overview of nanotechnology for the biologist and discusses the attributes of our novel XPclad^© nanoparticle formulation that has shown efficacy in treating solid tumors, single dose vaccination, and oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.