诺迪康对脂质过氧化损伤大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的：探讨诺迪康对脂质过氧化损伤大鼠肾病病变的影响。方法：采用阿霉素（Adremycin,ADR)诱导制成脂质过氧化损伤大鼠模型,观察阵服诺迪康胶囊（用圣地红景天提取制成）对丙二醛（MDA）,一氧化氮（NO）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,血脂,肾功能及肾脏病理损伤的影响。结果：治疗组较损伤组血清及肾皮质MDA,NO,血脂明显降低,全血及肾皮质SOD明显上升（P＜0．01）,肾脏病理损伤减轻,结论：诺迪康可明显降低大鼠ADR肾病MDA,NO 及血脂水平,增加SOD活性,减轻肾脏病理损伤,其机制可能是通过减轻脂质过氧化损伤,降低血脂等作用实现的。     

Effect of kolaviron,a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds,on the antioxidant,hormonal and spermatogenic indices of diabetic male rats

The antihyperglycaemic effect of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola has been established in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the effect of KV (200 mg kg^?1) on the antioxidant, hormonal and spermatogenic indices of alloxan‐diabetic male rats, and metformin hydrochloride (MET) (30 mg kg^?1) served as standard drug. The results showed that KV and MET significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats. Also, untreated and MET‐treated diabetic groups had significantly (P < 0.05) lower body‐weight gain and relative weights of testes. In addition, epididymal sperm abnormalities were increased, whereas sperm count, motility, testicular protein and sialic acid were decreased in untreated diabetic group. Also, antioxidant parameters, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the testes with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation in untreated diabetic group. Furthermore, untreated diabetic group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of testosterone, luteinising and follicle‐stimulating hormones relative to controls. Treatment with KV restored the relative weights of testes, activities of antioxidant enzymes, sperm and hormonal indices of the diabetic animals. This study demonstrated the role of KV to promote fertility in diabetic male rats by enhancing the hormonal and antioxidant status of the rats.     

Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and ileal transposition surgeries on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver

BackgroundRoux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and ileal transposition (IT) surgeries produce weight loss and improve diabetic control; however, the mechanisms of glycemic improvements are largely unknown. Because skeletal muscle and liver play a key role in glucose homeostasis, we compared the effects of RYGB and IT surgeries on key molecules of glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and liver.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were subjected to RYGB, IT, or sham surgeries; sham-animals were ad-lib fed or pair-fed to RYGB rats (n = 7-9/group). At 8 weeks postoperatively, blood samples were collected for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin analyses by ELISA. Leg muscle and liver tissues were analyzed for mRNA (RT-qPCR) and/or protein abundance (immuno blotting) of important molecules of glucose and lipid metabolism [glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), cytochrome C oxidase-IV (COX-IV), citrate synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 α (PGC-1 α), PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3)].ResultsPlasma GLP-1 concentrations were increased comparably with RYGB and IT. RYGB and IT increased muscle GLUT-4 protein content, muscle hexokinase mRNA, and liver PFK mRNA. IT increased muscle AMPKα and COX-IV protein content and liver citrate synthase activity. IT increased muscle CPT-1, MCAD and PRC mRNA, whereas RYGB increased UCP-3 mRNA in muscle and liver, and PGC-1 α mRNA in liver.ConclusionThe data suggest that RYGB and IT surgeries lead to enhanced GLP-1 secretion and produce similar stimulatory effects on important molecules of glucose metabolism but differential effects on key molecules of lipid oxidation in muscle and liver.     

2011～2013年我院门诊调脂类药物使用情况分析

目的为探索药物应用的流行趋势,现对我院门诊2011～2013年调脂类药物的使用情况进行了调查、统计、分析,以期为临床合理用药提供参考。方法运用Excel软件对调脂类药物的所有相关数据进行处理。按药品通用名以限定日剂量DDD为标准计算药品的用药频度（DDDs）和日均费用（DDC）,并采用销售金额排序及用药频度（DDDs）排序的分析方法,对我院2011～2013年调脂类药物的使用进行统计和分析。结果门诊调脂类药物的使用量呈逐年上升趋势,2012年和2013年门诊调脂类药物的出库金额比2011年分别增长了46．15％和134．86％。2011～2013年各年度调脂药中DDDs排序列前3位的均为HMG—CoA还原酶抑制剂（他汀类）,其中阿托伐他汀连续三年都位居榜首,瑞舒伐他汀在2013年的用药频度大幅提升。阿昔莫司克服了烟酸类的不良反应,DDDs排序也比较靠前。结论HMG—CoA还原酶抑制剂（他汀类）占据首位,苯氧芳酸类药物（贝特类）使用情况比较稳定,烟酸衍生物及其类似物的使用频度呈逐年下降趋势。我院调脂药物的使用整体上比较合理。     

Role of autophagy in high glucose-induced podocyte lipid droplet accumulation

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in high glucose-induced podocyte lipid droplet metabolism. Methods (1) Cultured, conditionally immortalized human podocytes (HPC) were divided into normal control group, high glucose group and mannitol group. Oil red O staining and oil red O staining extraction assay was used to observe the degree of lipid accumulation; Protein level of SREBP-1 was analyzed by Western blotting. (2) HPC were cultured and divided into normal control group, high glucose group, high glucose+3-methyladenine (3-MA) group, and mannitol group. Acridine orange staining was used to observe the formation of autophagosomes. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I. Oil red O staining and oil red O staining extraction assay was used to observe the degree of lipid accumulation; Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of SREBP-1. Results (1) Compared with the normal control group, the lipid accumulation in the high glucose group was increased and the lipid metabolism related molecule SREBP-1 was up-regulated (P＜0.05); There was no significant difference between the normal control group and the mannitol group in lipid accumulation (P＞0.05). (2) Compared with the normal group, the number of autophagosomes was increased and autophagy-related proteins beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I were up-regulated in high glucose group (all P＜0.05). After intervened with 3-methyladenine, a significant decrease in autophagosomes was observed; Protein levels of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I were decreased (all P＜0.05); The lipid droplets in the high glucose+3-MA group was decreased and lipid metabolism related molecule SREBP-1 was down-regulated (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Autophagy may be involved in the process of high-glucose-induced podocyte lipid accumulation by affecting SREBP-1 expression, and inhibition of autophagy can alleviate the high-glucose-induced podocyte lipid accumulation.     

血脂控制水平与PCI术后再狭窄的相关性分析

目的分析血脂控制水平与经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后再狭窄的相关性。方法选取2016年3月-2018年3月我院收治的行PCI术的冠心病患者60例为研究对象,术后3个月行冠状动脉造影复查,根据有无再狭窄分为再狭窄组(n=28)和无狭窄组(n=32),比较两组一般资料、PCI前和PCI术后复查时的血脂水平,并对各影响因素进行相关性分析。结果再狭窄组的吸烟比例、糖尿病比例比无狭窄组更高;观察组复查时总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平均与PCI术前无明显差异(P均>0.05),而无狭窄组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平比PCI术前显著降低,且低于PCI术后复查时再狭窄组,高密度脂蛋白较前明显升高,且高于PCI术后复查时再狭窄组(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,吸烟、合并糖尿病、PCI术后复查时总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平未下降,高密度脂蛋白未升高是PCI术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。结论 PCI术后总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平未下降,高密度脂蛋白未升高是PCI术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。     

疾控人员职业倦怠潜在剖面分析及与工作特征的关系

目的 通过对疾控(CDC)人员职业倦怠进行潜在剖面分析识别不同的职业倦怠类别,探讨工作特征各维度与职业倦怠类别间的独立效应。 方法 采用中文版职业倦怠量表(MBI-GS)、工作特征量表和自编一般资料调查表对943名疾控人员进行调查。使用潜在剖面分析方法识别疾控人员职业倦怠潜在类别,多分类Logistic回归分析探讨工作特征各维度与不同职业倦怠类别间的独立效应。 结果 疾控人员职业倦怠存在3种类别:低倦怠型(Ⅰ,54.7%)、高倦怠型(Ⅱ,24.1%)和成就感低落型(Ⅲ,21.2%)。高工作反馈、高工作意义是个体进入高倦怠型组的独立保护因素(OR=0.561;OR=0.612),高工作负荷、高工作对个体控制及情绪表达的要求是个体进入高倦怠型组的独立风险因素(OR=1.693;OR=1.770);高工作自主性是个体进入成就感低落型组的独立风险因素(OR=1.810),高工作对个体控制及情绪表达的要求是个体进入成就感低落型组的独立保护因素(OR=0.582)。 结论 疾控人员可区分出3种潜在职业倦怠类别,工作特征不同维度与潜在职业倦怠类别间存在独立效应。     

双颌前突患者正畸辅助微螺钉种植体治疗前后的软组织侧貌

目的 通过直丝弓矫治器辅助微螺钉种植体对双颌前突患者进行拔牙矫治,对矫治前后的数据进行测量分析,评价对面部软组织侧貌的影响程度.方法 选择30例双颌前突患者,采用直丝弓矫治器辅助微螺钉种植体进行拔牙治疗.对矫治前后的头颅侧位X线片进行测量,分析治疗前后面部软组织的变化.结果 上切牙切端平均远中移动6.5 mm,上唇突点平均内收3.8 mm,下切牙切端平均远中移动5.8 mm,下唇突点平均内收5.6 mm,上唇平均向远中移动3.21 mm,下唇平均向远中移动3.67 mm,鼻唇角由治疗前的平均86.7°变为平均103.7°.上下前牙切端移动距离、上下唇突距、鼻唇角的变化差异有统计学意义.结论 直丝弓矫治器辅助微螺钉种植体对双颌前突患者进行拔牙矫治,有效地内收上下前牙,从而有效地改善面部软组织侧貌.     

N-Acetylcysteine for Preventing Pump-Induced Oxidoinflammatory Response During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Purpose To investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine on preventing pump-induced oxidoinflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly divided into a study group (n = 20), given 50mgkg^–1 N-acetylcysteine intravenously for 3 days, and a control group (n = 20) given saline. Serum samples were collected for measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6, ₁-acid glycoprotein (AAGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) during surgery and postoperatively.Results The MPO and MDA values showed a similar pattern during and after CPB in the study group, with significantly less variance than in the control group. Interleukin-6 showed similar patterns in the two groups, but the data from 30min after the start of CPB and from 6h post-CPB were significantly different. The AAGP and CRP values were both elevated during CPB in the two groups without a significant difference, but 6 and 24h post-CPB, the values were significantly higher in the control group than in the study group.Conclusions N-Acetylcysteine decreased pump-induced oxidoinflammatory response during CPB, suggesting that it could be a novel therapy for assisting in the prevention of CBP-induced oxidoinflammatory damage.     

The OptiMARK clinical development program: summary of safety data

PURPOSE: To describe and summarize the safety data from the OptiMARK clinical development program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 18 clinical studies comprising the clinical program, doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 mmol/kg were administered to healthy adult volunteers, patients with hepatic or renal impairment, and patients with confirmed or highly suspected central nervous system (CNS), liver, breast, vascular, bone, or soft tissue pathologies. A total of 2038 injections of OptiMARK, Magnevist, or placebo were administered to 1684 subjects. Safety assessments were performed at appropriate intervals during all Phase 1, 2, and 3 studies. RESULTS: Of the 1684 subjects exposed to a study drug or placebo in the clinical development program, 646 subjects experienced 1293 adverse events. Thirty-one percent of the OptiMARK injections were associated with an adverse event. In comparison, 35% of Magnevist injections and 48% of placebo injections were associated with at least one adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: OptiMARK was safe and well-tolerated with a safety profile similar to that of Magnevist.