低剂量混配农药对家兔血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和一氧化氮的影响

目的 探讨低剂量混配农药对家兔脂质过氧化及一氧化氮（NO）浓度的影响及意义。方法 将家兔随机分为6个混配农药染毒组、1个丙溴磷染毒组和1个对照组，于不同的时间测定各组血清胆碱酯酶（ChE)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px)活力及一氧化氮（NO）浓度。结果 除较高剂量混配农药组外，其余各组染毒后的ChE活力均大于对照组实验前平均值的70%。随着染毒时间的延长农药混配组血浆GSH-Px活力高于或显著高于同时间的单剂量组和对照组，而血浆NO的浓度则呈降低趋势。结论 低剂量含有机磷的混配农药在导致ChE活力降低之前即可造成脂质过氧化增强和NO浓度的降低。     

甲基叔丁基醚无铅汽油肾脏毒性的实验研究

目的：了解甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）无铅汽油对肾脏的毒性及毒作用机制。方法：昆明种小鼠经呼吸道静式染毒，MTBE无铅汽油22．9、11．4及2．3g/m^3每天一次，连续2h，共22d亚急性染毒。日立－7150型全自动生化仪检测血清中尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）含量；肾组织均浆中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量分别用荧光法，邻苯三酚自氧化固定时间法测定；电镜观察肾皮质区超微结构的变化，结果：22.9g/m^3染毒组雌性小鼠血清中BUN含量与阴性对照组间比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；电镜观察到22.9g/m^3染色毒对照组雌雄性小鼠的肾小球基底膜，肾小管细胞线粒体及绒毛均未见显著异常改变。结论：MTBE无铅汽油对肾小球的滤过功能有一定的影响，雌性小鼠可能更为敏感。     

碘缺乏与机体脂质过氧化关系的探讨

对四川省叙永县碘缺乏病区学生血清中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量测定的结果表明，碘缺乏病区学生血清中ＳＯＤ含量明显下降和ＬＰＯ含量增加的现象，与对照组间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。通过对碘缺乏与机体脂质过氧化相互关系的初步探讨，认为由碘缺乏引起的机体中ＳＯＤ含量减少和ＬＰＯ含量增加，将可能导致甲状腺细胞膜的损伤，甲状腺功能障碍。     

绿茶及绿茶多酚抗羟自由基诱导的大鼠肝脂质过氧化作用

本研究采用Ｆｅ２＋，Ｈ２Ｏ２反应生成ＯＨ·诱导大鼠离体肝脏脂质过氧化反应体系，用ＧＴ和ＧＴＰ作为抗氧化剂观察对肝脂质过氧化的阻抑作用。随ＧＴ和ＧＴＰ浓度的升高对ＭＤＡ的抑制率分别为０．７７４～０．８９２，０．８１４～０．９７６，浓度与ＭＤＡ之间存在剂量效应关系。     

Use of the microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus as a model to evaluate toxicity of the lipophilic environmental pollutant endosulfan

Microorganisms are very powerful tools for the supply of information about the toxic effects of lipophilic compounds, since an impairment of cell growth usually occurs as a result of perturbations related, in most cases, with the partition of toxicants in membranes. The thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus has been used as a model system to identify α- and β-endosulfan interactions with the membrane possibly related with the insecticide toxicity. Two approaches have been pursued: (a) bacterial growth is followed and the effects of endosulfan isomers determined; (b) biophysical studies with the fluorescent fluidity probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were performed to assess the effects of α- and β-endosulfan on the organization of the membrane lipid bilayer. The effects on growth were quantitatively evaluated by determination of growth parameters, namely the lag phase, the specific growth rate and the cell density reached by cultures in the stationary phase. Growth inhibition by α and β-endosulfan dependent on the concentration is diminished or removed by the addition of 2.5 m Ca²⁺ to bacterial cultures. Fluorescence DPH polarization consistently showed opposite effects of Ca²⁺ and α- and β-endosulfan on the physical state of bacterial polar lipid dispersions.     

振动对急性缺氧小鼠肺损伤的影响

本文观察了频率为20Hz、振幅为0．67mm和作用时间为40min的振动预处理对急性缺氧小鼠肺损伤的影响。结果发现实验组的肺组织匀浆脂质过氧化物LghdPeroxde（LPO）、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中蛋白含量和白细胞数明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。这表明在特定率数的振动作用下能明显减轻急性缺氧小鼠肺的损伤。     

烧伤后红细胞损伤的机制——过氧化脂质、维生素E与溶血的关系

本实验发现大鼠体表面积20％Ⅲ°烧伤后,皮肤内产生了大量丙二醛(MDA),第二天达最高,第七天有第二高峰,血浆和红细胞(RBC)MDA第三天达最高,血浆和RBC维生素E(VE)于伤后第二天后迅速下降,RBC溶血第三天最甚。对皮肤MDA、血浆MDA、RBCMDA、血浆VE、BBC VE、1％H_2O_2溶血进行相关分析后发现在不同时相,有不同的相关关系,但基本遵循烧伤皮肤MDA增加、血浆MDA增加、RBC MDA增加、血浆和RBC VE降低,溶血增加的规律。文中讨论了RBC损伤的机制。     

正常妊娠和妊娠高血压综合征孕妇血清脂质的过氧化作用

目的　探讨脂质过氧化作用在正常妊娠时的生理和妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )时的致病机制。方法　应用美国CIBA 5 6 0全自动生化分析仪及 72 2分光光度计对正常孕妇 178例、妊高征孕妇 2 4 6例、正常晚期孕妇 178例和正常未孕妇女 6 2例 (对照组 )的血清中SOD ,LPO ,NO及总抗氧化能力进行测定比较。结果　正常妊娠晚期的SOD活性及LPO水平高于非妊娠妇女 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,妊高征患者中脂质过氧化物水平显著高于同期正常妊娠水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而且随病情严重程度而升高。妊高征患者NO水平低于正常妊娠妇女 (P <0 .0 5 )。NO水平随妊高征病情进展而逐渐降低。结论　SOD ,LPO ,NO的合成、释放在妊高征的病理变化中起重要作用     

Low–Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Versus Lipid Lowering Drugs in the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia: Four Years' Experience

Abstract: Elevated lipoprotein concentrations seem to be linked strongly in a dose dependent manner to an increased incidence of atherosclerosis. A total of 47 patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia were matched to treatment with LDL apheresis (Baxter, Kaneka, Li–popak; 24 patients, aged 50.2 ±11.5 years), diet, and/or lipid–lowering drugs or with diet and lipid–lowering drugs only (23 patients, aged 48.8 ±11.8 years). After treatment periods of 49.8 ±13.4 months (apheresis group, 2,396 treatment sessions) and 38.6 ± 15.1 months (drug group), the ensuing results revealed significant differences (p <0.0001): –47.3% versus –12.1% for total cholesterol, –46.9% versus –21.8% for LDL, +8.4% versus +0.9% for HDL, –52.0% versus – 13.1% for the LDL/HDL ratio, –36.4% versus –16.2% for triglycerides, and –25.9% versus + 1.5% for lipoprotein (a). In the apheresis group, one patient died of myocardial infarction; in the drug group, there was one nonfatal myocardial infarction and the manifestation of coronary heart disease in 3 cases. There were no severe side effects in either group. All patients in the apheresis group responded to therapy. The present trial suggests that a continuing reduction in serum lipid concentrations may lower, in a dose dependent manner, the risk for development and progression of coronary heart disease. Regarding clinical and laboratory results, LDL apheresis seems to be safe, effective therapy for treatment of severe hyperlipidemia.     

膳食纤维与不同蛋白质联用对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

观察４种膳食纤维在两种蛋白来源下，对高脂血症大鼠生长、血脂、肝胆固醇、粪类固醇及胆汁成分的影响。结果表明：①四种膳食纤维均可降低大鼠血清ＴＣ水平，尤以豆胶效果显著。②豆胶显著升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ。膳食蛋白为大豆蛋白时，豆胶、沙棘皮可显著升高血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ。③豆胶显著减少肝胆固醇累积，两种沙棘皮与大豆蛋白联用降脂强于与酪蛋白共用。④蛋白来源显著影响粪类固醇的排出，纤维类型可影响中性固醇排出并与蛋白质有交互作用。提示：蛋白质与膳食纤维之间的交互作用是探讨营养素与脂质代谢不可忽视的因素。