Minimal interventions for weight control: a cost-effective alternative

Two studies were conducted to evaluate simpler, less intensive interventions for weight control which presumably would be more cost-effective and efficient than a "full-length" behavioral treatment program. In Study 1, participants in a minimal intervention (MI1) program who attended no regularly scheduled meetings and initially only received three simple verbal instructions about how to lose weight, lost an average of 11.1 lb. by 7-month follow-up. Subjects in three variations of a shortened, less intensive, 6-week behavioral weight loss program lost 7.8, 6.5 and 6.3 lb. but did not significantly differ from MI1 subjects in the amount of weight lost. In Study 2, MI2 subjects lost 5.5 lb. compared to subjects in two variations of a full-length program who lost 8.1 and 11.1 lb. by 6-month follow-up. Again, none of the groups significantly differed from each other in the amount lost. It was concluded that a minimal intervention program seems to produce weight loss and to be a cost-effective and efficient method for some subjects. The difference between the two minimal intervention programs may be related to the payment of a monetary deposit; a model for future research was presented to investigate simpler, less intensive interventions in combination with more complex ones in a "stepped-care" fashion.     

急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素-2受体水平及临床意义

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测 30例急性白血病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素 - 2受体 (SIL -2R)水平。结果　急性白血病均显著高于正常对照组 ,且和病情的严重程度密切相关 ,是判定预后的一个有用的指标。     

先天性心脏病儿童白细胞介素2活性及膜表面白细胞介素2受体的研究

目的 研究先天性心脏病（先心病）患儿的免疫功能状态。方法 采用间接免疫荧光检测膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac）、植物血凝素刺激后的膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac-a),MTT比色法检测白细胞介素2活性（IL－2）。结果 与健康儿童比较,先心病患儿IL－2活性和Tac-a都显著降低（P＜0．01）;与非紫绀型先心病患儿比较,紫绀型先心病患儿IL－2活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。结论 先心病患儿免疫功能缺陷可能是其易患感染性疾病的原因之一,增强免疫治疗对预防先心病患儿感染十分必要。     

大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡情况及缺血预处理对其影响

目的探讨缺血再灌注及缺血预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法制备大鼠缺血预处理(IP)、缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)模型,采用末端脱氧核苷酸转换酶介导的生物素平移缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡情况;同时检测心肌梗死范围.结果I/R组细胞凋亡率(43.37±4.82%)高,IP组虽然也有一定的心肌细胞凋亡率(24.53±2.95%),但较I/R组明显降低(P＜0.001).IP组心肌梗死范围较I/R组明显减小.结论心肌缺血再灌注损伤可诱发或加重心肌细胞凋亡,IP能明显减少缺血再灌注诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的发生率,能明显减少心肌梗死范围,减轻缺血再灌注损伤;IP能减少心肌梗死范围、减轻缺血再灌注损伤的机理可能与其能明显减少心肌细胞凋亡有关.     

肺癌患者血清sIL-6R的测定

目的 :测定肺癌患者血清sIL 6R的水平。方法 :采取ELISA法 ,检测 40例各期肺癌患者及 2 0名健康成年人血清sIL 6R分泌水平。结果 :肺癌患者血清中sIL 6R水平高于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,化疗后患者血清中sIL 6R水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,并且也明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :肺癌患者血清sIL 6R水平随病情进展而升高 ,化疗后可下降。检测sIL 6R可为肺癌临床分期、疗效评价等提供参考     

中药紫株的化学成分研究

目的：研究紫株Callicarpa pedunculata R.Brown的化学成分。方法：利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过各种理化方法及光谱（IR,MS,^1HNMR,^13CNMR)分析鉴定其化学结构。结果：从紫株全草的氯仿提取物中分离得到10种化合物,分别鉴定为：4个二萜类化合物：14α－羟基－7,15－异松烷二烯－18烷酸（14α－hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid,Ⅰ）;16α,17-二羟基－3－氧－扁枝杉烷（16α,17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-phyllocladane,Ⅱ）;8,11,13,15-四烯松香烷－18－烷酸（8,11,13,15-abietatraen-18-oic acid,Ⅲ）;6α-羟基尼刀瑞尔醇（6α-hydroxy nidorellol,Ⅳ）;2个黄酮类化合物5－羟基－3,4‘,7-三甲氧基黄酮（5－hydroxy-3,4‘,7-trimethoxyflavone,Ⅴ）;3,5-二甲基莰非醇（3,5－dimethylkaempherol,Ⅵ）;其余的分别为：熊果酸（ursolic acid,Ⅶ）,肌醇（myoinositol, Ⅷ）,β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,Ⅸ）,β-香树素（β－amyrin, Ⅹ）。结论：化合物Ⅰ-Ⅵ为首次从该种植物中分离得到,且化合物Ⅰ-Ⅳ分别为4种不同类型的二萜。熊果酸的含量高达1％,本植物可作为其资源植物。     

TrkC Is Essential for Nephron Function and Trans-Activates Igf1R Signaling

BackgroundInjury to kidney podocytes often results in chronic glomerular disease and consecutive nephron malfunction. For most glomerular diseases, targeted therapies are lacking. Thus, it is important to identify novel signaling pathways contributing to glomerular disease. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (TrkC) is expressed in podocytes and the protein transmits signals to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton.MethodsNephron-specific TrkC knockout (TrkC-KO) and nephron-specific TrkC-overexpressing (TrkC-OE) mice were generated to dissect the role of TrkC in nephron development and maintenance.ResultsBoth TrkC-KO and TrkC-OE mice exhibited enlarged glomeruli, mesangial proliferation, basement membrane thickening, albuminuria, podocyte loss, and aspects of FSGS during aging. Igf1 receptor (Igf1R)–associated gene expression was dysregulated in TrkC-KO mouse glomeruli. Phosphoproteins associated with insulin, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (Erbb), and Toll-like receptor signaling were enriched in lysates of podocytes treated with the TrkC ligand neurotrophin-3 (Nt-3). Activation of TrkC by Nt-3 resulted in phosphorylation of the Igf1R on activating tyrosine residues in podocytes. Igf1R phosphorylation was increased in TrkC-OE mouse kidneys while it was decreased in TrkC-KO kidneys. Furthermore, TrkC expression was elevated in glomerular tissue of patients with diabetic kidney disease compared with control glomerular tissue.ConclusionsOur results show that TrkC is essential for maintaining glomerular integrity. Furthermore, TrkC modulates Igf-related signaling in podocytes.     

反复呼吸道感染儿sIL－2R和T细胞亚群的测定

本文采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法分别测定了２１例反复呼吸道感染儿，３０例正常儿童，１０例新生儿脐血的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ＝２Ｒ）水平。结果患儿组ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ为７１６．６０±３０．１０Ｕ／ｍｌ；正常儿童组为３８４．４７±８８．０３Ｕ／ｍｌ（ｐ＜０．０１）；新生儿脐血为４４６．２０±５５．６８Ｕ／ｍｌ，与正常儿童比较Ｐ＞０．０５。同时采用间接免疫荧光技术测定了患儿Ｔ细胞亚群水平，结果ＣＤ８细胞数升高，ＣＤ３细胞和ＣＤ４细胞数、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值下降，与正常儿童比较有显著性差别。提示反复呼吸道感染儿有细胞免疫功能降低及免疫调节紊乱。     

SLE患者淋巴细胞膜上IL-2R表达的动态分析

本实验采用Wu Tac单克隆抗体的间接荧光抗体法,动态观察了系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者和正常供血员(对照组)的外周血淋巴细胞经PHA刺激后,于不同时间(0、24、48、72小时)内细胞膜上白细胞介素2受体(IL-2R)的表达。结果表明在给予PHA刺激培养24、48和72小时后,与对照组比较SLE患者淋巴细胞的IL-2R表达明显下降,提示了SLE的T淋巴细胞反应性降低可能与被激活的T细胞表面IL-2R的表达功能缺陷有关。此结果将有助于进一步探讨SLE的免疫调节紊乱的发生机制。     

恶性肿瘤患者血清sIL—2R的检测

本文采用ELISA夹心法,对66例恶性肿瘤患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素2受体进行检测,以39例健康学生做对照,结果显示恶性肿瘤患者血清slL-2R 含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。并对血清sIL-2R 水平在肿瘤诊断及预后判断中的意义进行了探讨。