经鼻内窥镜选择性鼻中隔粘膜下切除术

目的：探讨经鼻内窥镜选择性鼻中隔粘膜下切除术的意义及手术方法。方法：根据不同的手术目的对204例需要行鼻中隔手术的病人，经鼻内窥镜实施选择性鼻中隔粘膜下切除术。结果：采用该技术对单纯性鼻中隔偏曲患者手术临床治愈率100％，其手术有效治愈头痛、鼻阻及鼻出血等鼻中隔偏曲临床症状，达到临床治疗目的。未出现鼻腔粘连、鼻中隔穿孔等并发症。有2例形成鼻中隔血肿，经放置引流管处理后治愈。对于解除高位鼻中隔偏曲解剖异常引发的鼻窦炎，手术后效果良好。取鼻中隔软骨做为修补材料手术效果满意。结论：经鼻内镜选择性鼻中隔粘膜下切除术目的性强、方法灵活、创伤小、并发症少、手术效果确切。     

Blood loss during and following transurethral resection

Blood loss measurement in transurethral prostatic surgery (TUR) has been studied with the following objectives: (1) to measure the total lost volume (during surgery and 48 hours postoperatively); (2) to compare surgical bleeding and coagulogram alterations in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma (CaP); (3) to establish the relationship between blood loss, duration of the procedure, and amount of resected tissue. The method of Jansen was used to measure blood loss, and the "coagulogram" included the following parameters: hematrocrit; prothrombin, recalcification, thrombin, and partial thromboplastin times; fibrinogen; platelets and fibrin split products. The study is based on TUR performed on 75 patients from whom a mean weight of 25.68 grams was resected resulting in a mean total bleeding volume of 305 ml. Blood loss over 400 ml was associated with surgical durations of 60 minutes or with resection of over 40 grams of tissue. There was a slight tendency for fibrinolysis in prostatic cancer, which could explain the relatively higher amount of blood loss observed in these cases.     

宫腔镜下宫腔粘连电切术后宫腔放置子宫球囊支架或宫内节育器预防宫腔粘连的临床研究

目的对比宫腔镜下宫腔粘连电切术后宫腔放置子宫球囊支架或宫内节育器预防宫腔粘连的效果。方法选取行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连电切术的60例患者,随机分为两组各30例。观察组术后置入COOK球囊型子宫支架,对照组术后置入宫内节育器。比较两组的术后出血情况以及临床疗效。结果观察组术后48 h的中度、重度出血发生率显著低于对照组,出血量显著少于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组的总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的80.00%(P <0.05)。结论宫腔镜下宫腔粘连电切术后宫腔放置子宫球囊支架能够减轻术后出血症状,有效预防粘连复发,效果优于置入宫内节育器。     

根治性膀胱癌切除术后感染切口愈合的危险因素

目的探究根治性膀胱癌切除术后感染切口愈合的危险因素及与单核淋巴细胞因子的关系。方法回顾性选取2015年1月-2018年12月于南阳市中心医院泌尿外科接受根治性膀胱癌切除术治疗的患者作为研究对象,共200例,根据术后切口是否发生感染分为感染组(n=100)和未感染组(n=100),其中感染组根据切口愈合时间分为早期愈合组(n=65)和延迟愈合组(n=35)。对影响根治性膀胱癌切除术后感染切口愈合的因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析;比较感染组和未感染组血清单核淋巴细胞水平。结果延迟愈合组患者术中出血量高于早期愈合组,白蛋白含量低于早期愈合组,手术时间长于早期愈合组,尿瘘、肠瘘次数均高于早期愈合组(均P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析,白蛋白、术中出血量、手术时间、尿瘘、肠瘘是影响患者感染切口愈合的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。切口感染组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、IL-4、IL-6水平高于未感染组(均P<0.05),而IL-2水平低于未感染组(P<0.05)。结论白蛋白、术中出血量、手术时间、尿瘘、肠瘘是影响患者感染切口愈合的独立危险因素,在临床上应采取有针对性的预防控制措施,避免影响术后切口的愈合。同时,对单核淋巴细胞因子的检测有助于防治术后切口感染的发生。     

经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染病原学及其影响因素

目的探讨经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后并发颅内感染病原菌特征及影响因素。方法回顾性分析浙江省丽水市人民医院2014年1月-2019年2月500例经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术患者临床资料,观察颅内感染发生情况,分析感染组感染病原菌分布情况及影响因素。结果500例经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除手术患者共有42例发生颅内感染,发生率为8.40%。年龄、肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中脑脊液漏、术后留置引流管是导致经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染发生的独立危险因素;从42例感染患者脑脊液标本中共分离出51株病原菌,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌感染占比33.33%最高,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌;根据术后28 d患者临床结局,比较生存(n=493)和病死(n=7)患者,高龄、肿瘤直径较大、肿瘤具侵袭性、术后颅内感染患者的病死比例较高(P<0.05)。结论年龄、肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中脑脊液漏、术后留置引流管均是经鼻蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术后颅内感染发生的影响因素,感染病原菌主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,术后颅内感染不利于患者预后。     

Robot-Assisted vs Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy in Octogenarians

ObjectiveWith increasing age, there is greater need for right-sided colonic resections than its left-sided counterparts. Older age is associated with limited physical and functional status, which carries greater operative risk. Improvements in robotic surgery questions its role, especially in older adults, compared with laparoscopy. The objective is to investigate whether robotic right hemicolectomy (RRH) is as safe and effective as laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LHR) in octogenarians (age >80 years).DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis.Settings and ParticipantsOctogenarians who underwent elective RRH and LRH by the Tweed Colorectal Group over 5 years.MethodsComplications within 30 days, age, gender, smoking status, immunocompromised status, presence of diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, mFI-5 (modified frailty index), operative time, method of anastomosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), need for rehabilitation, and short-term oncologic data using the TNM criteria were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSeventy-eight elective patients were included. LRH and RRH groups had similar median ages, gender distribution, and comorbidities. Across the entire cohort, 61.5% had no 30-day complications. RRH had nonsignificantly shorter operative time but significantly shorter LOS (5 vs 8 days) and fewer minor complications (24.5% vs 34.5%). Major complications and overall complications were not significantly different between the groups. Lower ASA and ECOG status were associated with lower complication rates across both groups. Oncologic resection outcomes were similar for both approaches.Conclusions and ImplicationsRRH does not confer an increased risk of complications compared to LRH in the octogenarians and may be a viable alternative in the field of minimally invasive surgery for older patients. Future research should focus on intracorporeal anastomoses, as it is a potential confounder leading to the shorter inpatient LOS shown in our robotic group.     

预防性护理干预在女性垂体瘤切除术患者围手术期的应用效果

目的探讨预防性护理干预在女性垂体瘤切除术患者围手术期的应用效果。方法选取2019年11月至2020年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院南区收治的84例女性垂体瘤切除术患者作为研究对象,根据护理方法的不同分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例),分别实施预防性护理干预和常规护理,比较两组患者术后并发症发生率、护理满意度及护理前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果观察组患者术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组护理后的SAS和SDS评分低于护理前,观察组护理后SAS和SDS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女性垂体瘤切除术患者实施预防性护理干预,可提高术后并发症的防治效果,促进患者快速、良好康复。     

食道癌根治术后放射治疗的观察研究

目的：评估食道癌根治术后放射治疗的价值。方法：取我院1985－1992年进行根治术后放射治疗24例食管癌病人作术后放疗组,按该组病人的分期,分层随机抽取同期食管癌单纯根治术病人24例作对照组,DT50－60Gy/5-7周,生存分析用Kaplan-Meier方法计算,并以Log-rank作显著性检验。结果：单纯手术组1,3,5年生存率分别为87．5％（21／24）,66．7％（16／24）,34．8％（8／23）,术后放疗组95．8％（23／24）,78．3％（18／23）,54．5（12／22）,（P＞0．05）,单纯手术组血行转移16．7％（4／24）,术后放疗组为12．5％（3／24）,两组相比较,无显著差异（P＞0．05）,局部（瘤床以及局部淋巴引流区）复发率单纯手术组为58．3％（14／24）,术后放疗组25．0％（6／24）,后者明显比前者低度（P＝0．02）,结论：食道癌根治术后放疗可以减少局部复发。     

急症一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌梗阻36例体会

目的：探讨左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的手术处理方法。方法：回顾性分析1995－2000年间36例左半结肠癌致肠梗阻一期切除吻合术的外科临床效果。结果：全组36例病人均采用梗阻近端肠管减压灌洗,并留置盲肠造瘘管术后接负压吸引,术后均一期愈合,未出现吻合口漏。随访12例中,半年死亡1例,1年死亡4例,3年死亡5例,5年死亡例。结论：只要病情允许,严格掌握手术适应症和基本操作,对左半结肠癌急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合手术是可行的。     

微创性子宫宫切除术式探讨

目的：探讨微创性子宫切除术式,方法：取1991－1997年需子宫切除术的60例患者做了微创性子宫切除术,并与同期60例行传统子宫切除术患者作比较。结果：微创性子宫切除术手术时间短,术中出血少,术后并发症少,两者相比有显著性差异。因均采用术后镇痛,肛门排气时间无差异,结论：微创性子宫切除术操作简单,易于掌握,利用腹膜张力达到腹膜外操作的目的,减少腹腔干扰及内脏牵引,手术切口小,值得推广。