腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移阴道成形术

目的 探索在腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移再造阴道的可能性，为临床提供阴道成形术的新方法。方法 应用腹腔镜引导下，配合使用超声刀，通过小切口完成肠系膜分离、回肠段截取、肠端吻合、回肠段下拉转移形成阴道。结果 2002年2月至2006年7月，共为38例需再造阴道患者成功地施行腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移阴道成形术。随访1个月～4年，其中36例移植回肠段成活良好，再造阴道符合生理要求。结论 由于避免了剖腹和以往术式的供区瘢痕，较好地缓解了此类患者巨大的心理压力，腹腔镜下回肠段代阴道是目前较为理想的阴道成形术新方法。     

Laparoscopic Deployment of Biliary Self-Expandable Metal Stent (SEMS) for One-Step Palliation in 23 Patients with Advanced Pancreatico-Biliary Tumors—a Pilot Trial

Background Exploratory laparoscopy is commonly undertaken in patients with highly suspicious biliary and pancreatic lesions to facilitate diagnosis and staging cancer is present. If an unresectable tumor is identified, a second endoscopic procedure may be required do deploy a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) for palliation. As endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) may be unsuccessful in up to 20% of patients, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of deployment of self-expandable metal stents at the same time as the initial laparoscopy. Patients and Methods A total of 23 eligible patients (8 male and 15 female) with malignant obstruction of the common bile duct underwent deployment of SEMS at laparoscopy. Primary outcome measure was the successful laparoscopic deployment of stent and secondary outcome measure was complications rates. Results Indications for stent deployment were unresectable pancreatic cancer in 18, cholangiocarcinoma in two, neuroendocrine tumor in one and ampullary adenocarcinoma in two patients. The median age was 73 years (range 49–93). Twenty-two of 23 stents were deployed successfully: 17 stents were deployed transcystically and five via a choledochotomy. Median times for laparoscopic exploration and SEMS deployment were 165 min (range 105–230) and 20 min (range 10–50), respectively. Pre- and post-procedures median total bilirubin were 9.4 mg/dl (range 5.4–17.5) and 4.0 (range 2.6–7.1). The median size of the pancreatic mass was 3 cm (range 2–5 cm) and that of the common bile duct (CBD) from 9.2 mm (range 7.2–17.4). The mean duration of laparoscopy was 170 min (range 120–230 min) and that for stent deployment 23 min (range 10–50 min). Complications included bleeding, obstruction, and wound infection. Bleeding occurred on day 7 in two patients and on day 30 in one patient; bleeding occurred at the gastrojejunal anastomosis site and was successfully treated with endoscopic hemostasis. A total of three stent obstructions were identified: one each at 60, 90, and 120 days follow-up. All complications were successfully managed endoscopically. There were a total of seven deaths, six as a result of progressive cancer and one of surgical wound infection and ensuing complications. Conclusion This study demonstrates that laparoscopic deployment of self-expandable metal bile duct stents is feasible and safe. This option appears to be a reasonable option in patients with inoperable malignant obstruction of the distal common bile duct.     

PK刀在腹腔镜下早期子宫恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨等离子刀(PK刀)在腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤中的应用价值。方法2003年1月~2006年12月,应用PK刀行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗30例经活检证实的早期子宫恶性肿瘤,其中子宫颈癌19例,子宫内膜癌11例。结果30例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术。手术时间(253.2±55.3)min,术中出血量(310.0±147.7)ml,淋巴结切除时间(73.5±23.6)min,淋巴结切除(17.0±6.2)枚,术后肛门排气时间(32.3±11.2)h,术后应用抗生素时间(5.5±1.5)d,术后住院(12±5)d。术中损伤膀胱1例,术后最高体温≥38.5℃3例,尿潴留4例,淋巴囊肿1例。结论PK刀作为兼备切割和止血的腹腔镜手术器械,其止血效果好,创伤小,具有较高的安全性,在子宫恶性肿瘤腹腔镜下行广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术是安全、可行的。     

Laparoscopic transhiatal surgery of the esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: Esophagectomy is an operation with high morbidity and mortality. Its adoption as a minimally invasive operation worldwide has been slow, but the potential benefits of reducing the trauma of surgery need to be considered. Our 30-month experience with transhiatal esophagectomy in a district general hospital is presented herein. METHODS: Patients were considered for surgery after radiological staging had excluded inoperable disease. Laparoscopic staging was initially performed. Patients with tumors of the esophagus and high-grade dysplasia in a Barrett's esophagus were included. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were referred for consideration for resectional surgery. Nine underwent outpatient laparoscopy only. Twenty patients (age range, 34 to 78, 15 males:5 females) underwent resectional surgery. Seventeen transhiatal resections were completed, 2 were converted to open procedures, and 1 transhiatal resection of a benign tumor was performed. Median time of surgery was 415 minutes (range, 320 to 480) and blood loss was 300 mL (range, 200 to 350). The median length of post-operative ventilation and critical care stay were 1 (range, 1 to 4) and 4 (range, 2 to 8) days. Median duration of hospitalization was 17 days (range, 10 to 28). Thirty-day mortality was 0; 1 patient who was converted to an open procedure died after a cerebrovascular event on day 34. CONCLUSION: A zero mortality rate for laparoscopic resection and a low-morbidity rate compare well with morbidity and mortality in reported series using this method and open surgery. Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy is an advanced, complex procedure that can be performed safely in a district general hospital setting.     

Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for the small exophytic renal mass.

OBJECTIVES: Nephron-sparing surgery has emerged as the treatment of choice for the incidentally detected small renal mass, especially those less than 4 cm in size. We describe our technique and experience with the laparoscopic excision of these lesions. METHODS: Between June 2001 and October 2003, 20 patients underwent nephron-sparing surgery at our institution. Twenty-one laparoscopic partial nephrectomy procedures were performed. All tumors were detected incidentally by cross-sectional imaging. All patients had a solid renal mass or a complex cystic renal mass of Bosniak category III or greater. All solid tumors were exophytic and less than 4cm in diameter. Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches were used. Hemostasis was achieved without hilar control in 20 of the 21 cases. RESULTS: Twenty renal units were approached transperitoneally, and 1 retroperitoneally. Mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range, 1.2 to 4). Mean estimated blood loss was 211 mL (range, 50 to 500), and mean operative time was 165 minutes. Pathology revealed renal cell carcinoma in 14 (70%). No intraoperative complications occurred. Two patients required blood transfusions postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Carefully selected patients with small, exophytic renal masses can safely undergo laparoscopic excision. When achievable, this procedure can be a more logical alternative to ablative techniques for the minimally invasive management of such lesions.     

Laparoscopic management of a ruptured giant epidermoid splenic cyst.

BACKGROUND: Epidermoid splenic cysts are uncommon lesions of the spleen. They are known to become symptomatic as a consequence of enlargement, infection, or rupture, the latter being an exceedingly rare complication traditionally treated with open splenectomy. We herein report a unique case of a giant epidermoid splenic cyst that ruptured spontaneously and was successfully treated with the laparoscopic approach. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery may be considered an initial treatment option in cases of very large epidermoid cysts even when rupture occurs.     

小儿腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术的麻醉处理

目的探讨小儿腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术的麻醉处理方法和安全性。方法本组80例腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术患儿,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,以气管全麻下行术式,入室后连续监测HR、MAP、SpO2、气道峰压(PIP)、PETCO2及体温,并分别记录术前、气腹后5min、气腹后10min、放气后10min的各项监测指标。结果所有患儿麻醉均满意,无一例出现麻醉意外、并发症,CO2气腹后10、20min HR、MAP、PETCO2、PIP显著升高(p<0.05,p<0.01),SpO2无显著变化,放气后10min各项指标与术前相比差异无显著意义。结论面对小儿特殊的解剖、生理和CO2气腹对生理产生的影响,做好术前准备,选择正确的麻醉方法和合适的麻醉药物,维持稳定的循环,小儿可安全实施腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎手术。     

Metabolic Characterization of Nondiabetic Severely Obese Patients Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Preoperative Classification Predicts the Effects of Gastric Bypass on Insulin–Glucose Homeostasis

Introduction Obese individuals may have normal insulin–glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, or diabetes mellitus. Whereas gastric bypass cures insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, its effects on normal physiology have not been described. We studied insulin resistance and β-cell function for patients undergoing gastric bypass. Methods One hundred thirty-eight patients undergoing gastric bypass had fasting insulin and glucose levels drawn on days 0, 12, 40, 180, and 365. Thirty-one (22%) patients with diabetes mellitus were excluded from this analysis. Homeostatic model of assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function. Based on this model, patients were categorized as high insulin resistance if their insulin resistance was >2.3. Results Body mass index did not correlate with insulin resistance. Forty-seven (34%) patients were categorized as high insulin resistance. Correction of insulin resistance for this group occurred by 12 days postoperatively. Sixty (43%) patients were categorized as low insulin resistance. They demonstrated an increase of β-cell function by 12 days postoperatively, which returned to baseline by 6 months. At 1 year postoperatively, the low insulin resistance group had significantly higher β-cell function per degree of insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Adipose mass alone cannot explain insulin resistance. Severely obese individuals can be categorized by degree of insulin resistance, and the effect of gastric bypass depends upon this preoperative physiology.     

Functional Results Following Elective Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy After CT-Proven Diagnosis of Acute Diverticulitis Evaluation of 43 Patients and Review of the Literature

We performed a prospective study to analyze the functional results following elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for computed tomography (CT)-proven diagnosis of acute diverticulitis and review the literature. Forty-three of 45 available patients (96%) who had laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for CT-proven acute diverticulitis answered, after a mean time of 40 months, a questionnaire exploring new abdominal symptoms, bowel function, and the patient’s own judgement of the surgical outcome. Surgical technique aimed at removing all the sigmoid by taking down the splenic flexure and do a colorectal anastomosis. Four patients (9%) complained of new abdominal pain. Bowel function was reported as better for 24 patients (56%), unchanged for 16 patients (37%), and worse for 3 (7%). Twenty patients (47%) considered their final result as excellent to good, 17 patients (40%) as satisfying, and 6 patients (13%) as mediocre. Male gender, absence of preoperative history compatible with an irritable bowel syndrome, length of resected sigmoid and residual acute inflammation on histology are statistically predictive of a better postoperative degree of satisfaction. After elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for CT-proven diverticulitis, a great majority of patients are very satisfied with their postoperative general comfort.     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿386例

目的总结腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术的经验. 方法回顾分析1999年7月～2004年12月我院386例囊腹腔镜卵巢囊肿手术的临床资料. 结果 384例腹腔镜手术成功,2例因既往有手术史或盆腔粘连中转开腹.术中出血平均20.6 ml(10～60 ml).手术时间平均55 min(20～140 min ).术后住院平均3 d(2～5 d).194例随访1～60个月,平均24个月,盆腔检查和B超均正常. 结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等特点.