PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS COMPARED WITH THE AMOUNT OF EXTRA PYRIDOXOL TAKEN DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

Abstract. Ejderhamn, J. and Hamfelt, A. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Sundsvalls Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.) Pyridoxal phosphate concentration in blood in newborn infants and their mothers compared with the amount of extra pyridoxol taken during pregnancy and breast feeding, Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:327, 1980.—The concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate have been estimated in cord blood and capillary blood samples taken at 3 hours, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days and 6 weeks of age, from eleven fullterm infants. Pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were also determined in venous blood samples taken from the mothers at delivery. A highly significant correlation between pyridoxal phosphate in cord whole blood and venous whole blood taken from the mothers at delivery was found. Infants whose mothers had taken extra pyridoxol during pregnancy had a higher concentration of pyridoxal phosphate at 3 hours of age compared with infants whose mothers had not taken extra pyridoxol. During the first week of life the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in capillary blood decreases strikingly. At 6 weeks of age the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate is in the same range as that of normal adults. Findings are also discussed which indicates that: 1) Vitamin B₆ is transported in breast milk; 2) The giving of supplemental pyridoxol during pregnancy in ordinary doses (2–6 mg/day) does not have an antilactogenic effect. No correlation between the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation with pyridoxal phosphate in vitro and pyridoxal phosphate concentration in plasma was found during the first 6 weeks of life.     

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS, LYSOZYME, and CERTAIN ELECTROLYTES IN BREAST MILK DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF LACTATION, DURING A 24-HOUR PERIOD, and IN MILK FROM THE INDIVIDUAL MAMMARY GLAND

ABSTRACT: Peitersen, B., Bohn, L., and Andersen, H. (The Children's Hospital, Fuglebakken and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and certain electrolytes in breast milk during the entire period of lactation, for a 24-hour period, and in milk from the individual mammary gland. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:709, 1975.–During a period commencing at birth and lasting for up to 27 months 193 milk samples have been collected from 29 mothers. The IgA globulin content was high immediately after birth, averaging 2.7 arb.U, decreasing to 0.3 arb.U within the first 2 to 3 weeks after birth, then remaining almost constant for the rest of the lactational period. In the case of IgG globulin, similar results were obtained, but the quantity was much smaller. IgM globulin was demonstrated in small quantities during the first 3 weeks of lactation. The lysozyme content varied considerably during the whole lactational period. Individual variations were found for all the immunoglobulins, while the concentration in the individual woman varied only slightly from day to day following in other respects the pattern described above. In 19 mothers IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and electrolyte content were determined in serum and in milk from the right and the left breast on the same day. No difference in content was found between milk from the left and the right mammary gland. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of IgA and sodium chloride in milk, between those of IgG in milk and serum, and between those of lysozyme in milk and serum. No variations were registered during the individual breast feeding, nor for the 24-hour period as a whole.     

COLOBOMATA OF THE IRIS, CILIARY BODY AND CHOROID IN AN INFANT WITH OESOPHAGO-TRACHEAL FISTULA AND CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. AN UNKNOWN MALFORMATION COMPLEX

Abstract. Lillquist, K., Warburg, M., Ry Andersen, S. and Hägerstrand, I. (Paediatric Department, Odense University Hospital, The Copenhagen Eye Clinic for the Mentally Retarded, The Institute of Eye Pathology in Copenhagen and Pathological Institute, Odense University Hospital, Denmark). Colobomata of the iris, ciliary body and choroid in an infant with oesophago-tracheal fistula and congenital heart defects. An unknown malformation complex. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:417, 1980.—A malformation pattern, not previously reported consisting of microphthalmia, uveal coloboma, oesophago-tracheal fistula and congenital heart defects is presented. The phaenotypical similarity and difference from previously reported cases are discussed.     

ZINC AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN DOWN'S SYNDROME

Abstract. Björkstén, B., Bäck, O., Gustavson, K. H., Hallmans, G., Hägglöf, B. and Tarnvik, A. (Departments of Clinical Bacteriology, Dermatology, Paediatrics and Pathology, University Hospital, Umeä, Sweden). Zinc and immune function in Down's syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 183, 1980.—Low levels of zinc in serum and high in blood clots were found in 12 patients with Down's syndrome (DS). They also had an immune deficiency characterized by depressed neutrophil chemotaxis, skin hypersensitivity and lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA in vitro . The patients received zinc sulphate, corresponding to 135 mg Zn⁺⁺ daily. After treatment for 2 months' serum zinc levels had increased, neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness was normal in 11 of the 12 patients and there were improved lymphocyte responses to high doses of PHA in vitro . Delayed skin reactivity to DNCB was also improved in 10 of 11 patients after zinc therapy. Zinc deficiency may in part explain the increased susceptibility to infection in DS.     

INTRAVENOUS FEEDING OF YOUNG INFANTS WITH PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA

ABSTRACT: Banister, A., Matin-Siddiqi, S. A., Hatcher, G. W. and Hendrickse, R. G. (Department of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, England). Intravenous feeding of young infants with persistent diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:732, 1975.–42 infants with persistent diarrhoea were fed intravenously using a simplified regime based on Intralipid and an aminoacid, Fructose and ethanol solution. Peripheral veins were used for up to 56 days, and with scalp veins complications were few and minor. The use of arm and leg veins caused more frequent local problems and is not advised. Central venous lines became necessary in 5 infants, and 3 developed septicaemia. The regime was well tolerated with adequate weight gain when intake was adjusted to the infants' needs. Rates of infusion of 1 g Intralipid/kg hourly over 2 hours and up to 1 g fructose/kg hourly over 14 hours did not cause persistent lipaemia (except transiently in 2 infants) nor metabolic acidosis. Infants must be fully rehydrated with correction of acidosis and electrolyte imbalance before starting intravenous feeding, or acidosis and dehydration from osmotic diuresis may occur. Intravenous feeding should be started gradually and cautiously in severely malnourished infants, and should not be used where liver function is abnormal.     

Pull-out mechanical measurement of tissue–substrate adhesive strength: Endothelial cell monolayer sheet formed on a thermoresponsive gelatin layer

Although adhesive strength of a single cell on substrates has been reported, the adhesive strength at the tissue-substrate interface has not been reported. However, the tissue-substrate adhesive strength must provide important criteria for performance of implant devices. This article deals with the tissue-substrate adhesive strength for fully endothelialized tissue, which was formed on commercial tissue culture dishes with or without a coating layer of thermoresponsive gelatin (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted gelatin, which dissolves in water at room temperature but is precipitated at 37°C). To determine tissue-substrate adhesive strength, a pull-out technique using a glue-coated cover glass was used. The adhesive strength of monolayered tissue on a noncoated dish was approximately 560 Pa or 230 nN/cell at 37°C. For dishes coated with thermoresponsive gelatin, the adhesive strengths were 1050 Pa or 584 nN/cell at 37°C, and 26 Pa or 14 nN/cell at room temperature. For noncoated dishes, delamination occurred mostly at the interface between the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by the cells and the dish surface; and for coated dishes, it took place fully at the interface between ECM and the dish surface. This technique enables determination of the adhesive strength between a full monolayered tissue and a substrate.     

黄酒对同型半胱氨酸诱导的大鼠血管内皮细胞基质金属蛋白酶2表达的影响

 ［摘要］目的:观察黄酒和红葡萄酒是否能抑制同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导的大鼠血管内皮细胞(VECs)中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的表达。方法:大鼠原代主动脉VECs经分离培养及纯化鉴定后,取第3~4代细胞用于实验。将Hcy(0、50、100、500、1 000 μmol/L)与VECs共同孵育48 h及100 μmol/L Hcy与VECs共同培养24、48、72 h,分别用免疫印迹和明胶酶谱法检测Hcy 对MMP-2蛋白表达和活性的影响,确定Hcy最佳干预的浓度和时间。每种酒（1.0%、1.2%、1.4%、1.6%、1.8%、2.0%）与100 μmol/L Hcy共同孵育VECs 48 h, MTT法检测酒类对细胞活性的影响,确定最佳干预浓度后处理分control组、Hcy组、Hcy+黄酒组、Hcy+红酒组和Hcy+酒精组5组。培养48 h后收集样品,免疫印迹法检测VECs中MMP-2的表达量,明胶酶谱法测定VECs上清液中MMP-2的活性。结果:Hcy在50~500 μmol/L呈浓度依赖性地促进MMP-2蛋白表达和活性的增强（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Hcy在100 μmol/L时干预24、48、72 h MMP-2蛋白表达和活性的增强呈时间依赖性,48 h时最明显（P<0.01）。与Hcy组相比,黄酒组和红酒组VECs MMP-2蛋白表达及上清液中MMP-2活性显著下降（P<0.05）,酒精组MMP-2蛋白表达及上清液中MMP-2活性下降,但差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与酒精组相比,黄酒组和红酒组VECs MMP-2表达及上清液中MMP-2活性的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,黄酒组和红酒组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: Hcy能增强血管内皮细胞MMP-2蛋白表达及酶的活性,小剂量的黄酒和红葡萄酒均能抑制Hcy 诱导的MMP-2表达及活化。     

肾上腺髓质素与ST2在心力衰竭患者中的诊断价值

目的 探讨肾上腺髓质素(ADM)与可溶性基质溶素-2(ST2)对心力衰竭(心衰)检测的临床意义。 方法 选取2016年6月-2017年1月收治的心血管疾病患者86例,根据超声心动图检测结果分为心衰组与心功能代偿组。单因素分析比较2组患者的基线资料及ST2,ADM,B型利钠肽(BNP)等指标的差异,筛选存在统计学意义的因素; 多因素Logistic回归进一步探索对心衰检测存在影响作用的因素; 分析各变量之间的相关性,ROC曲线分析其对心衰患者的诊断价值。 结果 心衰组与心功能代偿组患者在体质量指数(BMI),ST2,ADM,BNP和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,血清ADM水平(P=0.046)、ST2水平(P=0.034)和BNP(P=0.007)对心衰诊断存在显著影响,且BNP的影响程度最高(OR=2.361)。Pearson相关性分析提示,ADM(r=0.442)、ST2(r=0.506)与BNP呈正相关关系,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线提示,ST2联合BNP、ST2联合ADM、BNP联合ADM在ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.853,0.701及0.756,三者相比,ST2联合BNP的AUC最高,敏感度为84.8%,特异性为70%。 结论 ST2联合BNP可在一定程度上检测出心衰的存在,从而为早期心衰的进一步诊断提供理论依据。     

慢病毒载体介导siRNA沉默Id-1通过ERK1/2信号通路抑制裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤生长

目的 构建慢病毒表达载体介导siRNA沉默Id-1,观察其对人肝癌HepG2细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的抑制作用及其对ERK1/2信号通路的影响。 方法 构建合成特异性针对Id-1基因的siRNA慢病毒载体,转染肝癌HepG2细胞系,经半定量RT-PCR鉴定筛选沉默效果最佳的细胞系,于倒置荧光显微镜(×400)下观察转染前后细胞的形态学变化。取细胞浓度为5×10⁶ mL^-1的干扰效率最佳的稳定转染细胞系、稳定转染空载体病毒细胞系及正常HepG2细胞系悬液各0.2 mL,分别注射到转染实验组、阴性对照组及空白对照组的裸鼠右腋皮下,每周测量肿瘤体积及裸鼠体质量,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,28 d后处死裸鼠,制作肿瘤组织标本,行常规病理检查,采用半定量RT-PCR及Western-blot方法检测肿瘤组织Id-1,ERK1/2的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平及p-ERK1/2的蛋白表达水平。 结果 倒置荧光显微镜显示,转染前后细胞形态学变化不明显。经半定量RT-PCR筛选出Id-1基因的siRNA慢病毒载体的最佳细胞系为sh31,与稳定转染空载体病毒细胞系相比,目的基因Id-1的表达降低了80%以上,与未干扰的HepG2细胞相比降低了60%; 转染细胞皮下接种后,转染组最终瘤体大小明显小于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。半定量RT-PCR显示,转染组肿瘤组织的Id-1及ERK1/2 mRNA分别为(0.389±0.058)及(0.475±0.079),均明显低于阴性对照组[(0.845±0.113),(0.977±0.082)]和空白对照组[(0.917±0.083),(0.978±0.056)](均为P<0.05)。Western-blot检测显示,转染组的Id-1及p-ERK1/2蛋白均明显低于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 Id-1基因特异性siRNA的慢病毒表达载体通过靶向抑制Id-1的表达,明显抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2裸鼠皮下移植瘤的生长,推测Id-1可能通过调节ERK1/2 MAPK信号通路参与肝癌的发生发展。     

不同经皮穴位电刺激方式用于腹腔镜下胃癌根治术后镇痛效果及胃肠功能恢复的比较

目的 比较不同经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)方式用于腹腔镜下胃癌根治术后患者镇痛及胃肠功能恢复的效果。 方法 选取180例择期行腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的患者,均经胃镜病理确诊,按年龄分层后,随机分为对照组、短TEAS组、长TEAS组(n=60)。3组均常规诱导,其中短TEAS组从麻醉诱导开始至手术结束持续TEAS; 长TEAS组从麻醉诱导前1 h开始至手术结束后30 min持续TEAS,并于术后2 d内,每隔8 h间断行TEAS 30 min。刺激部位为双侧足三里与内关。术后患者均行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。观察并记录3组患者术后4 h(T1)、8 h(T2)、16 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、36 h(T5)镇痛泵用量、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分(Ramsay)及术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率; 记录患者术后首次肠鸣音出现的时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、排便时间。 结果 短TEAS组、长TEAS组术后4,8 h镇痛泵用量明显少于对照组(P<0.05),且长TEAS组术后4 h镇痛泵用量明显少于短TEAS组(P<0.05); 长TEAS组术后4,8 h VAS评分较对照组显著降低(P<0.05); 短TEAS组及长TEAS组首次肠鸣音时间与对照组比较,均显著缩短(P<0.05); 长TEAS组与其他2组比较,排便时间显著缩短(P<0.05),且与对照组比较,PONV发生率显著下降(P<0.05)。 结论 TEAS复合全麻能减少阿片类镇痛药的使用剂量,缩短胃癌根治术后首次肠鸣音出现的时间。围术期TEAS可较术中TEAS更有效地减少术后初期疼痛,减少PONV的发生率,缩短术后首次排便时间,更有效地促进胃肠功能恢复。