Impact of Oral Thrombolysis After Catheter-based Thrombectomy in Acute and Subacute Submassive Pulmonary Thromboembolism

@@     

Chronic Albumin Infusions to Achieve Diuresis in Patients with Ascites Who Are Not Candidates for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

While transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a common therapy for cirrhotic patients with diuretic-resistant or diuretic-refractory ascites, some patients are unsuitable for the procedure for technical or medical reasons. We report our experience with the use of chronic intravenous albumin infusions to achieve diuresis in this difficult patient population and review the historic experience of chronic albumin infusions as a treatment for ascites. Nineteen patients with cirrhosis and diuretic-resistant or diuretic-refractory ascites who were deemed unsuitable for TIPS received outpatient intravenous albumin infusions (50 g) weekly for at least 4 weeks. The following endpoints were retrospectively recorded: serum sodium, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, body weight, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The contraindicatoins for TIPS included the following: portal vein thrombosis, two; advanced age, one; encephalopathy, nine; hyperbilirubinemia, five; and other, two. Compared to pretreatment, posttreatment weight decreased in 17 patients, remained unchanged in 0 patients, and increased in 2 patients. The overall mean change in body weight (before vs. after therapy) was 8 lb (P < 0.05). The only significant change in biochemistries was an increase in serum albumin from 2.5 g/dl before therapy to 3.5 g/dl after therapy (P < 0.05). We conclude that (1) recurrent intravenous weekly albumin infusions resulted in significant loss of edema and ascites as measured by loss of body weight, and (2) clinicians may want to consider chronic albumin infusions for selected patients with refractory ascites who are not candidates for TIPS.     

俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数肺内分流作用及对血流动力学的影响分析

目的:探讨俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数、肺内分流的作用及对血流动力学的影响。方法:选取本院2011年10月至2013年12月诊治的重症肺部感染低氧血症患者52例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,26例患者实施仰卧位肺复张为对照组,26例患者实施俯卧位肺复张为观察组,比较两组患者基础指标的改变情况、氧合指数与肺内分流状况、血流动力学指标的改变情况、不良反应情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均显著增加,而Qs/QT均显著降低。观察组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均明显高于对照组,观察组患者Qs/QT明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺复张时,两组患者中心静脉压、心脏排血指数、每博指数、全心舒张期末容积指数、全心射血分数均显著降低,而全身血管阻力均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:俯卧位肺复张可明显改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者的氧合指数,可有效减少肺内分流,对血流动力学的影响较轻,不良反应少且安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

Management for traumatic chronic subdural hematoma patients with well‐controlled shunt system for hydrocephalus

Traumatic CSDH enlarged in two cases with VP or LP shunt system although the shunt valve pressure was increased to 200 mmH₂O. In surgery, the hematoma cavity pressure was found to be 130 and 140 mmH₂O, suggesting that to raise the shunt valve pressure is not effective for decreasing CSDH volume.     

颅脑创伤去骨瓣减压术后低颅压脑积水

目的探讨颅脑创伤患者去骨瓣减压术后低颅压脑积水（LPH）的发病机制、诊断及治疗。 方法选择晋中市第一人民医院神经外科自2012年10月至2020年5月收治的6例去骨瓣减压术后LPH患者,均采用可调压非抗虹吸分流管行脑室-腹腔分流术。4例患者二期行颅骨缺损钛网成形术,2例患者同期行颅骨缺损钛网成形术。于术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月统计患者认知功能、步态、尿便功能,采用头部螺旋CT影像学检查,评价手术效果。 结果6例患者术后均未发生严重并发症。脑室-腹腔分流术后1周~2个月患者症状明显改善,且脑室系统明显回缩。分期行脑室-腹腔分流与钛网成形术,术后患者症状及影像学检查表现改善较快。 结论可调压非抗虹吸分流管行脑室-腹腔分流术是治疗去骨瓣减压术后LPH的有效方法,并且在二期行钛网成形术的治疗效果可能更佳。     

Nontumoral Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Challenging Consequence of Liver Cirrhosis

Nontumoral portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an increasingly recognized complication in patients with cirrhosis. Substantial evidence shows that portal flow stasis, complex thrombophilic disorders, and exogenous factors leading to endothelial dysfunction have emerged as key factors in the pathogenesis of PVT. The contribution of PVT to hepatic decompensation and mortality in cirrhosis is debatable; however, the presence of an advanced PVT increases operative complexity and decreases survival after transplantation. The therapeutic decision for PVT is often determined by the duration and extent of thrombosis, the presence of symptoms, and liver transplant eligibility. Evidence from several cohorts has demonstrated that anticoagulation treatment with vitamin K antagonist or low molecular weight heparin can achieve recanalization of the portal vein, which is associated with a reduction in portal hypertension-related events and improved survival in cirrhotic patients with PVT. Consequently, interest in direct oral anticoagulants for PVT is increasing, but clinical data in cirrhosis are limited. Although the most feared consequence of anticoagulation is bleeding, most studies indicate that anticoagulation therapy for PVT in cirrhosis appears relatively safe. Interestingly, the data showed that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt represents an effective adjunctive therapy for PVT in cirrhotic patients with symptomatic portal hypertension if anticoagulation is ineffective. Insufficient evidence regarding the optimal timing, modality, and duration of therapy makes nontumoral PVT a challenging consequence of cirrhosis. In this review, we summarize the current literature and provide a potential algorithm for the management of PVT in patients with cirrhosis.