贲门周围血管离断加肠腔静脉侧侧分流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的防止肝硬变门静脉高压症患者术后再出血,保持门静脉向肝血供,降低肝性脑病发生率。方法对３７例门静脉高压症患者施行了联合断流加肠腔静脉分流手术,即贲门周围血管离断后,肠系膜上静脉与下腔静脉采用直接侧侧吻合。结果本组手术成功率１００％。术后自由门静脉压（ＦＰＰ）３１６±０５８ｋＰａ,较术前３９１±０６４ｋＰａ明显降低,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜００１）。术后随访５～２２个月,所有患者肝功能均有不同程度恢复,其中１２例肝功能Ⅲ级的患者,有５例恢复到Ⅰ级、７例恢复到Ⅱ级、无１例发生肝性脑病及再出血。腹水消失率１００％,食管胃底静脉曲张改善消失率８２９％。结论断流分流联合应用,既能保持一定的门静脉压力及门静脉肝脏血供,又能疏通门静脉系统的高血流状态,是一种较理想的治疗门静脉高压症的手术方法     

多层螺旋CT及其门静脉造影在TIPS联合胃冠状静脉栓塞术前应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）及多层螺旋CT门静脉造影（MSCTP）在经颈静脉肝内门体分流（TIPS）联合胃冠状静脉栓塞（GCVE）术前应用的价值。方法对126例肝硬化门静脉高压伴发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血或顽固性腹水拟行TIPS联合GCVE患者,术前行MSCT及MSCTP检查。采用最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重组（MPR）、遮蔽表面显示（SSD）和容积再现（VR）等后处理技术全面了解肝脏情况。结果 MSCT及MSCTP能清晰显示肝硬化肝脏形态变化、肝静脉与门静脉空间位置关系、门静脉侧支循环开放程度和范围以及腹水等情况,为TIPS联合GCVE术前评估提供了重要的解剖信息。结论 MSCT 及MSCTP 是无创性检查并明确诊断肝硬化门脉高压症的可靠方法,对 TIPS 联合GCVE术中准确引导门静脉穿刺及曲张静脉栓塞治疗具有重要指导意义。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝脏及相关脏器时间-密度曲线变化的临床意义及价值

目的 探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)后肝脏及相关脏器时间-密度曲线(TDC)变化的临床意义及价值. 方法 对拟行TIPS的20例肝硬化患者于术前2～3天、术后1周分别行肝脏灌注扫描.记录并观察第一肝门下方(TIPS支架下端)门静脉主干层面门静脉、肝实质、脾实质等3个感兴趣区的TDC形态、达峰时间(TTP)和峰值(PV)的变化情况.结果 与TIPS术前比较,术后门静脉、肝脏、脾脏TTP提前(t/Z=3.322、2.242、-2.298,P=0.004、0.037、0.022)和门静脉PV增高(t=-2.613,P=0.017),差异有统计学意义;肝实质PV降低(t=1.137,P=0.270),脾脏PV升高(t=1.137,P=0.144),差异无统计学意义.脾脏TDC由术前的速升缓降型、缓升平台型、持续缓升型转变为术后速升缓降型.结论 门静脉、肝实质、脾实质TDC变化可直观地反映TIPS术后肝脏血流动力学变化特点.     

附加门体分流术对小体积移植肝保护作用的实验研究

目的 研究附加门体分流术对小体积移植肝的保护效果.方法 建立巴马小型猪小体积肝移植模型,将15只小型猪平均分为3组:(1)A组,小体积肝移植组(对照组);(2)B组,远端脾肾分流术+小体积肝移植组;(3)C组,肠腔H形分流术+小体积肝移植组.手术后观察动物7 d存活率,动态监测肝功能生化指标、自由门静脉压、门静脉血流量(PBF)以及移植肝组织病理学改变.结果 动物7 d存活率分别为:A组1/5,B组3/5,C组5/5.A组动物移植肝复流后自由门静脉压立即升高,高峰达(28.6±2.07)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),复流1 h后单位肝组织PBF达(3.56±0.1 1)ml·min-1·g-1;移植肝组织病理学改变严重,包括肝细胞气球样变或肝细胞坏死、肝窦淤血、肝实质出血.B、c组中动物肝功能酶学指标有所改善.移植肝复流后自由门静脉压显著低于A组水平(P<0.05),PBF保持相对平稳.移植肝组织病理学病变明显减轻.结论 附加门体分流术可能可以避免小体积移植肝的损伤.     

Diagnostic angioscintigraphic evaluation of malignant hepatic tumors before catheter embolization: Determination of shunt,flow distribution,and reflux

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively arteriovenous shunts in malignant liver tumors by injection of ^99mTc macroaggregates of albumin (MAA) into the tumor-feeding artery after selective catheterization. Methods: In 40 patients with malignant liver tumors (33 hepatocellular carcinomas and 7 metastases of colorectal cancer), a mean dose of 200 MBq ^99mTc MAA was injected arterially during angiography. The embolized area and the lungs were then visualized using a gamma camera. A dedicated computer program calculated pulmonary shunt rates. Results: The majority of patients (n= 30) with hepatocellular carcinoma showed small shunts varying from 0 to 15%; only 3 of these patients had shunts ranging from 18% to 37%. In patients with colorectal carcinoma metastases (n= 7) the shunt varied from 0 to 3% (2 ± 1%), probably due to a physiological shunt in normal liver tissue in the embolized area. Importantly, the degree of shunt found bore no correlation to the tumor volume or to the pattern of vascularity on angiography. Conclusion: Diagnostic angioscintigraphy is a useful tool for pretherapeutic evaluation of the capacity of an individual tumor to retain particles and to measure extratumoral shunting; these are essential for therapy planning, as they can help to increase the safety and effectiveness of embolization.     

Self-expanding stents in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: experience with nitinol Strecker stents

The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance and efficacy of a new self-expanding stent (nitinol Strecker stent) in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We have successfully placed 64 nitinol Strecker stents in 48 patients. The average portosystemic gradient decreased from 22 to 11 mm Hg. Balloon dilatation was necessary in 12 of 35 angiographically controlled cases at 5 days (34%), because of incomplete stent expansion, small thrombi within the stent or obstruction. At 1–6 months stent malfunctions occurred in 8 of 23 patients who underwent control angiography (34%) and at 6–24 months in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Rebleeding occurred in 2 of 39 patients (follow-up > 1 month) (5%) and temporary crises of de novo encephalopathy were observed in 11 of 48 patients (23%). Refractory ascites completely resolved in 4 of 6 patients (66%) and improved in the remaining 2 cases. Compared with other self-expanding stents, nitinol Strecker stents seem to be equally effective in TIPS; no increase in complication rate was observed, either clinical or stent-related. Correspondence to: P. Rossi     

5％碳酸氢钠用于单肺通气的临床研究

目的研究5％碳酸氢钠（NaCO3）注射液对OLV患者血液酸碱平衡和肺内分流（Qs／Qt）的影响。方法择期ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级20～60岁行开胸手术60例，随机等分3组。实验l组：空白对照；实验Ⅱ组：5％NanC03注射液30ml；实验Ⅲ组：5％NanC03注射液60ml。三组均采用静吸复合麻醉，诱导：静脉注射芬太尼3to／ks、丙t自酚1．5～2mg／ks、琥珀胆碱1．5mg／kg，维持：吸入1～2％异氟烷、连续输注瑞芬太尼0．1～0．25旭／（ks·min）、间断应用维库溴铵0．02～0．03ms／ks。连续监测BP、HR、S002和PETC02。在麻醉前基础值（T0）、麻醉诱导后双肺通气时（T1）、单肺通气30min时（T2）、手术完毕前双肺通气时（T3）采外周动脉血1ml进行血气分析并计算Qs／Qt。结果三组患者的BP、HR、SpO2、PETC02和PaC02等组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。oH值、PaO2、BE值、Qs／Qt实验组与对照组组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。结论5％NaHCO3注射液能使OLV下开胸手术患者血液pH值下降减小，使氧离曲线右移减少。手术中患者pH值接近中性或手术前状态，有利于肺血管发挥正常的生理功能、促进HPV（缺氧性肺血管收缩）反应、降低Qs／Qt，而不会影响CO2排除的程度。     

Pulmonary Artery Access Embolization in Patients with Massive Hemoptysis in Whom Bronchial and/or Nonbronchial Systemic Artery Embolization Is Contraindicated

The objective of this paper is to present an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with massive hemoptysis in whom bronchial and/or nonbronchial systemic arterial embolization is not possible. We describe a percutaneous procedure for pulmonary segmental artery embolization. Between May 2000 and July 2006, 27 adult patients with hemoptysis underwent percutaneous treatment at our department; 20 of 27 patients were embolized via bronchial and or nonbronchial systemic arteries and 7 patients were embolized via pulmonary artery. Femoral arterial access for systemic artery catheterization and femoral vein access for pulmonary arterial catheterization were used. Gelfoam particles and coils were used for embolization. In this study, we report on three cases of massive hemoptysis from a systemic arterial source in whom bronchial and/or nonbronchial arteries embolization was not possible. Percutaneous embolization via the pulmonary artery access was successful in all three patients. In conclusion, embolization via pulmonary artery is presented as an alternative approach for the management of hemoptysis in patients in whom bronchial arterial embolization is not possible.     

Previous portal hypertension surgery negatively affects results of mesenteric to left portal vein bypass

Purpose

The mesenteric to left portal vein bypass (MLPVB) has been successfully used to treat extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in children. We examined the effect of failed prior surgical or radiological procedures intended to treat complications of portal hypertension on the success rate of subsequent MLPVB surgery.

Methods

Sixty-two patients younger than 18 years with EHPVO underwent MLPVB between 1997 and 2006. Children were divided into 3 groups: those with no prior surgery related to portal hypertension, those with prior portosystemic shunts, and those with either splenectomy or mesenteric vascular embolization procedures. The effect of prior procedures on the patency rate of the MLPVB was then examined.

Results

Of 62 children, 11 (17.7%) had significant procedures to treat symptoms of portal hypertension: 6 had at least 1 portosystemic shunt attempt, 3 had isolated splenectomy, and 2 had embolization of the splenic artery or coronary and peripancreatic varices. Patients with previous portal hypertension surgery were significantly older and larger than those with no surgery. Patients with no prior interventions had a significantly higher MLPVB patency rate (88.2%, 45/51) than those with no prior interventions (63.6%, 7/11). Prior splenectomy alone was not found to adversely affect MLPVB. Patients with prior embolization procedures or unsuccessful shunts had significantly poorer successful outcomes (0% and 66.7%) than those with no prior interventions (88.2%; P < .005).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that prior portosystemic shunts or mesenteric embolizations have a deleterious effect on outcome after MLPVB and should be avoided whenever possible. This study suggests that patients with symptomatic EHPVO should undergo MLPVB as a primary intervention rather than as a rescue procedure to optimize MLPVB patency.