侧脑室—腹腔分流治疗脑积水62例报告

目的　探讨脑积水的治疗方法和疗效。方法　62例均行侧脑室-腹腔分流术。脑室端从枕角穿入10cm接引流泵,再从皮下隧道引至上腹或左下腹放入腹腔。结果　1～4周后复查,症状完全消失56例,部分改善5例,无变化1例。57例复查CT示:52例脑室恢复正常,4例脑室较前缩小,1例无变化。堵管9例。低颅内压2例,硬膜下血肿2例,经保守治疗痊愈。49例随访1～8年,41例能正常工作学习,5例生活自理,1例植物生存,2例死亡。结论　明确诊断,掌握手术适应症及手术技巧是成功的关键。     

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium: A switch in biochemical expression in cultured pigment epithelial cells

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium was studied by measuring the rate of ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from glucose selectively labelled in the C-1 and C-6 positions. In the retina, shunt activity declines from appreciable levels at stages 29–31 to minimal activity in the 2-week-old hatched chick. Overall retinal metabolism also declines up to stage 45, but dramatically increases again after hatching. Developing chick pigment epithelium has minimal shunt activity at all stages studied. In contrast, cultured chick pigment epithelium has appreciable shunt activity which is constant over a period of several weeks in culture. This appears to be a switch in biochemical differentiation which could form the basis at least in part for subsequent changes in cell types observed in cultured pigment epithelial cells byEguchi and Okada (1973).     

Abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst

A case of an abdominal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocyst in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported to illustrate this known but rare complication. In the setting of a VP shunt, the frequency of abdominal CSF pseudocyst formation is approximately 3.2%, often being precipitated by a recent inflammatory or infective process or recent surgery. Larger pseudocysts tend to be sterile, whereas smaller pseudocysts are more often infected. Ultrasound and CT each have characteristic findings.     

长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流大鼠肺动脉压力及肺血管结构重建的影响

目的探讨长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油对高肺血流大鼠肺动脉压力、肺血管结构的作用及其机制。方法24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、分流组和吸入组。对分流组和吸入组大鼠开腹行腹主动脉-下腔静脉分流术,12周后两组大鼠分别雾化吸入生理盐水和硝酸甘油3周。以右心导管法测定肺动脉压,颈动脉插管测定体循环压,检测右心室肥厚,观测肺血管显微及超微结构变化,用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠肺动脉人类尾加压素Ⅱ(hUⅡ)的表达。结果分流组大鼠肺动脉平均压(PAMP)和右心室/左心室 室间隔重量比值(RV/LV S)明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且分流组大鼠肺小血管肌化程度明显增强(P<0.01),中、小型肺肌型动脉相对厚度(RMT)增加,肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ表达明显增强。吸入组大鼠mSBP未受影响,PAMP明显低于分流组(P<0.01),RV/(LV S)高于对照组(P<0.01),但与分流组比较差异无显著性(P>0.01),吸入组大鼠肺小血管肌化程度明显改善,小型肺肌型动脉RMT及小型肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ减少。结论长期雾化吸入硝酸甘油可缓解高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压和肺血管结构的重建,其对肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞hUⅡ表达的抑制作用,可能参与高肺血流量所致肺血管结构重建和肺动脉高压的调节。     

地氟醚与丙泊酚的不同配伍对单肺通气时肺内分流的影响

目的探讨地氟醚与丙泊酚的不同配伍在食管癌根治术单肺通气(One lung ventilation,OLV)期间对肺内分流的影响。方法选择择期行食管癌左侧开胸切除术患者45例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机均分为3组(每组15例):丙泊酚组(P组)、地氟醚-丙泊酚组(DP组)和地氟醚组(D组),分别于平卧位双肺通气15min(T0),右侧卧位双肺通气15 min(T1),单肺通气15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、90 min(T5)进行动脉血及混合静脉血血气分析,计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)。结果 TLV(T0)时,Qs/Qt组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OLV期间(T2～T5)Qs/Qt与TLV(T0)时相比,有明显增高(P<0.05),且D组明显高于P组和DP组(P<0.05),P组与DP组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组OLV各时的PaO2较TLV时下降(P<0.05),但仍在安全范围内。结论临床剂量[3 mg/(kg.h)]丙泊酚复合低浓度地氟醚(<0.83MAC)对OLV的患者更安全有效。     

Evaluation of pulmonary blood flow in bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunts: value of 4‐D flow cardiac magnetic resonance in the evaluation of pulmonary artery confluence stenosis

Bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunts are associated with the risk of developing pulmonary artery bifurcation stenosis, resulting in variable pulmonary blood flow to either lung. This could negatively impact the subsequent stages of the single ventricle palliation pathway. This report highlights the value of 4D flow sequence from the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in demonstrating the pulmonary blood flow characteristics following a bilateral bidirectional Glenn procedure. Mapping the blood flow pattern and its quantification to each lung provide objective insights into the possible predisposing factors for the development of pulmonary bifurcation stenosis.     

Contrast echocardiography: transmission of echoes to the left heart across the pulmonary vascular bed

All available reports indicate that the echoproducing qualityof agents used for contrast echocardiography is lost duringtheir passage through the pulmonary or systemic capillary bed.A technique has been developed to transmit echoes to the leftheart across the pulmonary vascular bed with the use of venouscatheterization. In 43 patients with acquired or congenitalheart disease, a balloon-tipped catheter was wedged in a pulmonaryarterial branch, the balloon was inflated, then rapidly deflatedafter injection of an echoproducing substance, while M-Modeor two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded. Echoes consistentlyappeared in the left heart following injection of indocyaninegreen (5–10 mg), saline (5 ml) or CO₂ (0.5–1 ml).In 25 patients with a documented left-to-right shunt, echoesalso appeared in the right heart chamber receiving the shunt.There were no false negatives nor false positives. No complicationsor side effects were observed. The presumed mechanism of transmissionis the achievement of a high concentration of echoes and/orbypassing of pulmonary capillaries through physiological intrapidmonaryshunts. The method is proposed as a screening procedure to be used duringright heart catheterization so as to avoid, if possible, theinjection ofradioopaque contrast and the invasion of the leftheart     

高氧液对单肺通气低氧血症和肺内分流的影响

目的探讨双腔支气管内麻醉时,输入高氧液对单肺通气时低氧血症和肺内分流(Qs/Qt)的影响。方法选择食管中段癌根治手术20例,随机分为两组,N组(对照组)10例单肺通气时输入平衡液;O组(高氧液组)10例单肺通气时输入高氧平衡液。分别于麻醉前、双肺通气(DLV)30min、单肺通气(OLV)30min抽取动脉血和混合静脉血做血气分析,并计算Qs/Qt等。结果OLV时O组动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)显著高于N组(P<0.01),O组动脉血氧含量(CaO2)显著高于N组(P<0.05)。OLV时,Qs/Qt较DLV时显著增加(N组P<0.01;O组P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性。结论静脉输注高氧液可以明显升高SaO2和CaO2,高氧液对Qs/Qt的影响不明显。单肺通气时输注高氧液可能对低氧血症有利。     

MMP-1、MMP-3对高动力血流状态肺血管重建的影响

目的:通过检测大鼠肺动脉高压模型肺动脉壁内金属基质蛋白酶鄄1(MMP鄄1)、金属基质蛋白酶鄄3(MMP鄄3)的表达水平,探讨MMP鄄1和MMP鄄3对肺动脉高压肺血管重建的影响。方法:采用套管连接法建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型。将60只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组穴S1、S2雪各20只和对照组(C1、C2)各10只,实验组用套管连接右侧颈总动脉近心端和右侧颈外静脉第1属支的近心端,对照组只在相同部位作假手术。于实验后第8周和第16周测定肺动脉收缩压和右心室收缩压,留取肺组织行免疫组化法染色,应用IA1型自动图像分析系统测定血管壁中MMP鄄1和MMP鄄3的含量相对值。结果:术后8周S1组PAP和RVP均显著升高,与C1组相比有显著差异(P<0.005),术后16周S2组PAP和RVP升高,与C2组相比有显著差异(P<0.001);S1组与S2组比较亦有显著差异(P<0.001);术后8、16周S1组大鼠肺血管大中动脉中膜弹力纤维和平滑肌胞浆及细胞外基质中有较多MMP鄄1和MMP鄄3棕褐色颗粒沉积,同时可见血管内膜增厚,管腔狭窄,平滑肌肌层增厚,无肌型小动脉肌化;而对照组大鼠肺血管无明显MMP鄄1和MMP鄄3棕褐色颗粒沉积和肺高压病理改变。IA1型自动图像分析量化结果显示,术后8、16周实验组和对照组均差异显著(P<0.001);S2组和S1组有显著差异(P<0.001)。结论:MMP鄄1和MM     

Selective Hemi-Portocaval Shunt Based on Portal Vein Pressure for Small-for-Size Graft in Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation

We developed an algorithm of graft selection in which left lobe donation is considered primarily if the graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) is estimated to be greater than 0.6% in preoperative volumetry with utilization of a hemi-portocaval shunt (HPCS) based on portal vein pressure (PVP) more than 20 mmHg at the time of laparotomy. A total of 11 consecutive adult living donor liver transplantations with small-for-size graft according to our graft selection algorithm were performed between December 2005 and August 2007. Ten patients required HPCS using a vein graft all survived without small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) and shunt complications with a median follow-up of 296 days. One patient without HPCS died of chronic vascular rejection. In all cases, PVP were regulated successfully under 20 mmHg by HPCS. Graft volume reached in mean 84.3% of standard liver volume in right lobe grafts and mean 95.4% in left lobe grafts at 3 months after liver transplantation. Actuarial rate of shunt patency at 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year were 80%, 55%, 26% and 20%, respectively. Selective HPCS based on PVP is an effective procedure and results in excellent patient and graft survival with avoidance of SFSS in grafts greater than 0.6% of GRWR.