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??Abstracts??Objective Different diagnostic methods of biliary atresia ??BA?? and infantile intrahepatic cholestasis disease were investigated in order to find a simple?? fast??practical??economic and non invasive differential diagnostic method. Methods A total of 584 cases of infantile cholestasis were collected from May 2006 to June 2012 for persistent jaundice??pale yellow or white shit who lived in Department of Pediatric Digestion and Infection?? Tongji Hospital?? Tongji Medical College?? Huazhong University of Science & Technology??HUST??. Seven methods including clinical diagnosis??blood biochemical tests?? liver and gallbladder ultrasonography?? dynamic continuous duodenal liquid bile check?? nuclide hepatic imaging?? magnetic resonance imaging and histology were applied for differential diagnosis and the results were analyzed. Results The correctness of clinical diagnosis method was 74.5%?? sensitivity 81.6%??specificity 69.9%?? liver size: 49.0%??89.0%?? and76.9%?? stool color:83.2%??96.1% and96.7%??blood total bilirubin:63.0%??93.1%and91.2% ?? serumγ-GT:79.7%?? 71.1%and78.7% ?? dynamic duodenal liquid color check:93.3%??91.7% and92.7%?? bile acid of duodenal liquid:97.8%??100.0% and 100.0%??B graphy :89.7%??91.7%and94.3%??porta fibre block check:72.1%??29.4%and 68.7%??nuclide hepatic imaging :60.5%??100.0% and 100.0%??MRCP:88.3%??96.5%and94.4%??liver pathology :97.4%??98.2% and 94.9%. Conclusion Differential diagnosis in 1 week can help differentiate biliary atresia from infantile intrahepatic cholestasis. B-ultrasonography and dynamic duodenal fluid test are simple?? fast practical??economic and noninvasive as differential diagnostic methods.     

肝叶切除治疗肝胆管狭窄及结石的疗效观察

目的：本文主要研究对于肝胆管狭窄及结石患者治疗时采用切除肝叶措施，分析治疗疗效以及临床的应用。方法：选择本院从2011年1月-2013年1月接受治疗的40例肝胆管狭窄及结石患者的资料开展回顾性的总结。结果：40例肝胆管狭窄及结石患者经过接受肝叶切除手术治疗后，均没有严重的并发症发生，更没有出现死亡病例，没有发生一例肝衰竭以及休克或者是败血症等不良并发症。结论：切除肝叶手术对于治疗肝脏内胆管结石以及肝胆管狭窄具有重要意义，是一种安全且高效方法，治疗效果明显啊，值得在临床加以推广应用。     

纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石的体会

目的总结分析纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石的临床经验。方法2009年1月至2013年6月，肝内外胆管结石76例，采用纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗。结果76例患者手术均取石成功。术后并发症9例，其中切口感染4例，肺部感染3例，胆漏2例，均治愈。术后随访6个月至3年，平均17个月，经B超或“T”管造影检查，未发现结石复发、残留及胆管狭窄。结论纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石具有创伤小、并发症少、取石率高、残石率低等优点，可同时发现并处理胆管狭窄。     

The anti-fibrotic effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in bile duct-ligated cholestatic rats and human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells are mediated by the PI3K/Akt/Smad pathway

Aim:

(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant polyphenols in green tea with strong antioxidant activity and various therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of EGCG and underlying mechanisms in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats and a liver fibrosis model in vitro.

Methods:

BDL rats were treated with EGCG (25 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, po) for 14 d, and then the serum, bile and liver samples were collected. Liver fibrosis was assessed by serum, urine and bile biochemistry analyses and morphological studies of liver tissues. TGF-β1-stimulated human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells were used as a liver fibrosis model in vitro. The expression of liver fibrogenic genes and signaling proteins in the PI3K/Akt/Smad pathway was examined using Western blotting and/or real-time PCR.

Results:

In BDL rats, EGCG treatment significantly ameliorates liver necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and suppressed expression of the genes associated with liver inflammation and fibrogenesis, including TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MMP-9, α-SMA, and COL1A1. In LX-2 cells, application of EGCG (10, 25 μmol/L) dose-dependently suppressed TGF-β1-stimulated expression of COL1A1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and α-SMA. Furthermore, EGCG significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Akt in the livers of BDL rats and in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells. Application of {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, produced similar effects as EGCG did in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, but co-application of EGCG and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002 did not produce additive effects.

Conclusion:

EGCG exerts anti-fibrotic effects in BDL rats and TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells in vitro via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/Smad pathway.     

肝内胆管细胞癌的形态学CT分型及临床意义

目的对肝内胆管细胞癌的形态学CT分型以及临床意义进行评价分析,为今后的临床治疗工作提供可靠的理论依据。方法抽取在2013年1月~2014年6月我院收治的临床确诊肝内胆管细胞癌患者24例,对其CT扫描情况展开回顾性分析,评价形态学CT分型以及临床诊断价值。结果本组24例患者中,包括有肿块型者10例,CT表现为肝内结节状肿瘤,未出现周围胆管扩张现象;管周围浸润型者5例,CT表现为沿着胆管纵轴生长的树枝状肿瘤,合并有周围胆管扩张;肿块合并管周浸润型者7例,CT表现出肝内结节状肿瘤,并且合并有胆管扩张;管内生长型2例,CT表现为单发、多发肿瘤结节位于扩张的胆管内。结论经CT检查可以对肝内胆管细胞癌展开准确的形态学分型,为临床治疗方案的选择提供了可靠的参考依据,临床价值显著,值得关注。     

Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized double-blind study controlled with placebo

Backgrounds/Aims: Intense pruritus and the risk of stillbirths and premature deliveries justify the search for an effective pharmacologic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. This study was designed to test the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in maternal pruritus, the biochemical abnormalities and the outcome of pregnancy, in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy of early onset.Methods: Pregnant patients hospitalized in a secondary case-referral center with intense pruritus and abnormal serum levels of bile salts and aminotransferases, detected before week 33 of pregnancy, were randomly assigned to receive ursodeoxycholic acid, 1 g per day orally, or an identical placebo, until delivery, in a double-blind study. A 3-week trial period was chosen to compare drug and placebo effects. The follow-up was extended for 3 months after delivery.Results: Twenty-four patients entered the trial; eight had deliveries before 2 weeks of treatment and one dropped out. The study was then completed in 15 patients: eight received ursodeoxycholic acid and seven placebo. No adverse effects were detected in the mother or in their babies. After 3 week of treatment, patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid (mean daily) dose 16 mg/kg body weight) had a significant improvement in pruritus (p<0.02), In serum bilirubin (0.36±0.19 mg/dl (mean±SD) versus 0.95±0.48 in patients receiving placebo, p<0.01), in aspartate aminostransferase (52±42 IU/l vs 98±44, p<0.05) and in alanine aminotransferase (54±50 IU/l vs 229±154, p<0.01); serum total bile salts also tended to be lower in patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid (26.3±33.7 μmol/l vs 55.0±44.8, p N.S.). Deliveries occurred at or near term in all mothers who received ursodeoxycholic acid (mean week of pregnancy: 38), while they occurred before week 36 of pregnancy in five patients who received placebo, including one stillbirth. All babies born alive had birth weights adequate for gestational age and they were thriving normally 3 months after delivery.Conclusions: Ursodeoxycholic acid is effective and safe in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy of early onset, attenuating pruritus and correcting some biochemical abnormalities in the mothers. Relevant aspects of fetal outcome were also improved in patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid compared to placebo.     

肠外营养方式对极低出生体重儿肝脏功能影响的随机对照研究

目的探讨保守肠外营养与积极肠外营养两种方式对极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight infants,VLBWI)肝脏功能的影响。方法将2008年3月-2013年3月入院的极低出生体重儿随机化分为低肠外营养组75例{(氨基酸及脂肪乳剂量均从0.5~1.0g/(kg·d)起,增量为0.5~1.0g/(kg·d),直至足量3g/(kg·d);葡萄糖开始输注速度均为4mg/(kg·min),每天增加1mg/(kg·min),最高不超过12mg/(kg·min)},高肠外营养组71例{(氨基酸剂量从1.5~2.0g/(kg·d)起,增量为1.0g/(kg·d),直至足量3.5~4g/(kg·d);脂肪乳剂量从1.0g/(kg·d)起,增量为1.0g/(kg·d),直至足量3.0g/(kg·d);葡萄糖开始输注速度均为6mg/(kg·min),然后每天增加2mg/(kg·min),最高不超过12mg/(kg·min)},记录两组的喂养情况、生长指标,并测定肝功能。结果低肠外营养组在肠外营养持续时间、肠内营养达90kCal/(kg·d)日龄及恢复出生体重时间大于高肠外营养组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组在第7天、第14天及第28~42天主要生化指标测定的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组肠外营养相关胆汁淤积(PN-associated cholestasis)发生率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组住院天数的差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05);两组的住院费用差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高肠外营养方式不会影响VLBWI的肝脏功能,也未增加肠外营养相关胆汁淤积的发生。