肝内胆管囊腺瘤合并囊腺癌误诊1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者,男,37岁,因"间断性发热5个月"入院。既往:患者6个月大时因先天性胆总管囊性扩张症于当地医院行先天性胆总管囊肿切除术。查体:右上腹部压痛,肝区叩击痛。肝功能:ALP 164 U/L,GGT 160 U/L,白蛋白30.6 g/L;CA 199247.70 U/ml。肝胆胰脾多排CT平扫影像诊断:(1)肝左叶外侧段萎缩;(2)肝内胆管多发结石;(3)肝左叶低密度影,建议CT增强检查;(4)肝内胆管略扩张积气;肝门区胆管改变及胆囊区条样气体影(图1)。患者持续高热达39.5℃,结合临床资料拟诊断为肝内胆管结石、化脓性胆管炎、肝脓肿,患者CA199高表达,不除外胆管癌可能。急诊联系超声介入科给予肝内胆管穿刺,引流出脓性胆汁约120 ml,同时行血培养回报:大肠埃希菌;胆汁培养:草绿色链球菌,给予敏感抗生素治疗。抗炎好转后行肝左外叶切除、胆道探查术,术中见肝左外     

高尔基蛋白73、甲胎蛋白异质体3、甲胎蛋白和α-L-岩藻糖苷酶在肝脏疾病中的诊断价值

目的比较高尔基蛋白73(GP73)、甲胎蛋白异质体3(AFP-L3)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)在不同肝脏疾病患者中的意义及其单项或联合检测诊断肝癌的价值。方法对2013年1-12月收治的272例肝癌患者、203例肝硬化患者、248例慢性肝炎患者及210例健康体检者血清中的GP73、AFP-L3、AFP和AFU水平进行检测。非正态分布的数据多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,组间两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,率的比较用卡方检验。ROC曲线绘制分别以健康人组和非肝癌组(健康体检、慢性肝炎、肝硬化)为对照。联合指标先进行Logistic拟合后再做ROC曲线。结果 GP73水平肝硬化组[177.0(116.0,247.0)ng/ml]较肝癌组[141.0(83.3,218.8)ng/ml])和慢性肝炎组[151.0(83.0,235.3)ng/ml]高(U=22 116.5、21 052.0,P均0.05);AFP-L3和AFP在肝癌组中的水平[11.3(4.3,21.2)%,78.4(7.1,2455.8)ng/ml]明显高于肝硬化组[6.0(4.0,8.0)%,10.0(3.8,49.5)ng/ml]和慢性肝炎组[7.0(5.0,9.0)%,18.8(4.4,79.6)ng/ml](P均0.05)。以健康人血清样本为对照绘制的诊断肝癌的ROC曲线,GP73、AFP-L3、AFP和AFU的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.827、0.817、0.901和0.680。由此可知在鉴别健康人和肝癌患者方面,前3者比AFU有较高的准确性。以非肝癌患者血清样本为对照绘制的诊断肝癌的ROC曲线,4个指标对应的AUC分别为0.573、0.734、0.753和0.552,可见AFP-L3和AFP对于诊断肝癌有一定的准确性,其敏感性和特异性达到最大时的cut off值依次为8.55%(56.6%,84.9%),49.88 ng/ml(57.7%,80.9%)。结论 GP73的上升与肝损伤及长期纤维化有关,其在诊断肝脏疾病中有较好的敏感性,AFP-L3和AFP在诊断肝癌方面特异性较好,AFP-L3和AFP两者联合应用可提高肝癌的诊断敏感性至62.1%。     

胆管消失综合征1例报告

<正>胆管消失综合征(VBDS)最早见Sherlock报道,是以肝内胆管减少为病理学特征,以胆汁淤积为主要临床表现的综合征[1]。病因中包括发育、代谢和免疫学异常、血管病变、感染、淋巴病、药物等因素,真正病因及发病机制尚不明确,临床较为少见[2]。1病历资料患者,女,56岁,无业,因"间断乏力1年"于2011年4月8日入院。既往19年前行剖宫产手术;口服避孕药17年(为短     

ALT持续正常及持续或间断升高的慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏硬度值分析

目的目前ALT持续正常(PNALT)以及持续或间断升高(PIEALT)的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝脏硬度值(LSM)的数据十分有限。本研究对该组患者LSM范围及其影响因素进行了探讨,以供临床应用参考。方法将在2012年9月-2013年3月于本院就诊的208例初治CHB患者纳入研究,均接受瞬时弹性扫描仪(FS)检查。PNALT组:在最近1 a随访至少3次,每次间隔2个月以上,ALT水平均正常,入组时ALT正常;PIEALT组进一步分为ALT轻度升高(过去1 a随访中ALT水平至少有1次升高但2×ULN)以及ALT明显升高(过去1 a随访中ALT水平至少有1次升高2×ULN),入组时ALT2×ULN。根据现有的研究结果,当ALT2×ULN时,用于诊断以及排除进展性肝纤维化的标准分别为LSM≥10.6 kPa和LSM7.4 kPa。计量资料分析采用t检验、方差分析和秩和检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,相关因素采用双变量相关分析及Logistic回归分析。结果受试人群平均LSM为(6.2±2.9)kPa。在PNALT患者中,LSM≥7.4 kPa占14.3%(18/126),LSM≥10.6 kPa占2.4%(3/126)。在总体PIEALT患者中,这个比例分别是35.4%(29/82)以及13.4%(11/82)。多元回归分析中,ALT1×ULN(OR=2.63,P=0.037)、男性(OR=5.29,P=0.012)是LSM≥7.4 kPa的独立影响因素;HBV DNA定量5 log10拷贝/ml是LSM≥10.6 kPa唯一的独立影响因素(OR=13.84,P=0.046)。结论在PIEALT和PNALT的CHB患者中,分别有35%及14%的患者不能排除进展性肝纤维化的可能;大约13%的PIEALT患者根据LSM结果可判断为进展性肝纤维化。对于ALT1×ULN、HBV DNA拷贝数的对数值大于5的男性CHB患者,建议对其进行密切随访。     

猪源产志贺毒素大肠埃希茵耐药性及超广谱β内酰胺酶基因型分析

目的了解我国猪源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（Shigatoxin-producingEscherichiacoli,STEC）产超广谱8内酰胺酶（Extended—spectruml β-lactamases,ESBLs）情况及其基因型。方法对22株分离自重庆地区2个规模化养殖场健康猪粪的STEC菌株进行药物敏感性检测、ESBLs表型确证及7种类型（blaSHV,blaLEN,blaOKP,blaTEM,blaCTX-M,blaGES及blaKPC）ESBLs基因型PCR检测和测序分析。结果22株携带stx2e的STEC菌株中2株对所有23种测试抗生素敏感,其余菌株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感外,对其他抗生素均存在不同程度耐药。10株sTEc菌株（占45．45％）产ESBLs酶。PCR检测其中1株为blaCTX-M-1基因型,其余9株为blaCTX-M-9 ＋blaTEM-1基因型。结论重庆地区猪源STEC中存在较高比例的产ESBLs菌株。在加强人和动物STEC感染检测与监测的同时,应进行细菌耐药性监测。     

Clinical importance of main pancreatic duct variants and possible correlation with pancreatic diseases

Abstract

Background: Except for pancreas divisum (PD), the prevalence of anatomic variants of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) seems to be insufficiently investigated. To date, their role in the occurrence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) and morphological changes suggestive of chronic pancreatitis (CP) has remained unclear.

Methods: A systematic review was performed, searching MEDLINE and Web of Science, limited to articles published between 1960 and 1 June 2019.

Results: Our review included a total number of 3234 subjects. The most common variant of MPD was type 3, followed by type 1, indicating MPD drainage pattern into major papilla (MP) as the most frequent. A sub-variant of type 3, known as ‘reverse pancreas divisum’ had a prevalence of 2.2%. Type 4 variant- PD, was found in 6.4% of all cases. The most common sub-variant of PD was complete PD, followed by incomplete PD and variant with MPD as only pancreatic duct. Type 5 variant (including ansa pancreatica) was present in 2.9% of subjects. Apart from one study with a significantly higher frequency of morphological changes suggestive of CP in patients with ansa pancreatica, the studies stated no significant association between pancreatic disease and MPD variants. Furthermore, only one study examined the influence of MPD variants on exocrine pancreatic function. Although equivocal, this association is most likely found to be insignificant.

Conclusion: To elucidate linkage between MPD variants and the occurrence of chronic pancreatitis and impairment of pancreatic exocrine function, further clinical investigations are warranted.     

塔里木河流域新疆出血热自然疫源地生态系统多样性与出血热流行相关性分析（II）

目的了解并掌握塔里木河流域新疆出血热自然疫源地生态系统主要宿主和媒介的群落构成,及其与新疆出血热流行的相关性。方法根据塔里木河流域地理环境特征,在上、中、下游3个区段设立调查研究样方,采集家畜、啮齿动物和蜱类样本,采用生态学方法分析不同生态景观下宿主和媒介的群落结构组成和特征,检测蜱类样本的新疆出血热病毒携带率和家畜抗体携带率,统计分析流行病学的相关性。结果塔里木河流域新疆出血热自然疫源地啮齿动物和蜱类群落组成简单,啮齿动物7种,以子午沙鼠为主,占73．6％,蜱类3种,以亚洲璃眼蜱为主,占98．4％以上：不同地理生态景观上,干旱、半干旱的沙质盐碱地是亚洲璃眼蜱和啮齿动物分布的最优生态景观;空间分布上,亚洲璃眼蜱在优生景观中的数量由上游至下游逐步增加的变化趋势一致,游离蜱指数分别为37．0、44．7和64．7;塔里木河流域上、中、下游3个区段羊血清抗新疆出血热病毒抗体阳性率由13．2％增加至43．1％,自然界中亚洲璃眼蜱病毒分离率由零增加至6．9％,亚洲璃眼蜱指数和羊血清CCHFV（克里米亚刚果出血热病毒）阳性率呈正相关（r=0．992）。结论塔里木河流域新疆出血热自然疫源地呈现丰富的多样性,其自然界新疆出血热流行强度与疫源地宿主媒介及植被构成的丰富度密切相关,可因自然界中亚洲璃眼蜱指数的不同分为不同的流行区。     

2011—2012年甘肃省麻疹实验室网络运转与监测分析

目的评价2011—2012年甘肃省麻疹实验室运转状况,为如期实现消除麻疹目标提供依据。方法对2011--2012年甘肃省麻疹实验室网络（MLN）血清IgM检测、病原学监测、实验室质量控制数据进行分析。结果麻疹监测系统（MSS）报告甘肃省疑似麻疹1275例,采集血清标本1242份,采集率97．41％;麻疹IgM抗体阳性710份,阳性率57．16％;检测风疹血清标本1198份,阳性率20．36％;2011—2012年共收到疑似麻疹、风疹咽拭子标本1019份,分离出58株麻疹病毒,鉴定为Hla基因亚型;分离出风疹病毒20株,为1E基因型;2011—2012年甘肃省疾病预防控制中心麻疹实验室。通过了世界卫生组织和国家麻疹实验室组织的现场认证,血清盲样考核和血清复核符合率均为100．00％;全省14个市、州疾病预防控制中心麻疹网络实验室,连续两年通过了省疾病预防控制中心组织的职能考核和现场认证,血清盲样考核符合率96．67％,血清抽样复核符合率98．41％。结论2011—2012年甘肃省MLN运转良好,为麻疹疑似病例实验室诊断和麻疹流行监测提供了技术支撑,为阻断麻疹病毒传播提供了科学依据。     

Transoral robotic surgery for hilo-parenchymal submandibular stones: step-by-step description and reasoned approach

The conservative transoral approach to hilo-parenchymal submandibular stones has been proposed as an alternative to traditional sialadenectomy. The main purpose is to preserve the gland and eliminate the risk of a cervical scar and damage to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. The spread of transoral robotic surgery has favoured its application not only in the oropharynx, but also in the anterior oral cavity. This article describes a transoral robotic approach for hilo-parenchymal submandibular stones. In January 2019, two patients with a right and a left hilo-parenchymal submandibular stone of 15 mm and 8 mm, respectively, underwent removal of the stone with transoral robotic surgery using the Si Da Vinci surgical robot. The procedure was performed successfully and tolerated well, with a one-night hospitalization. There were no complications such as lingual nerve damage, painful gland swelling, infection, or ranula. The patients were followed up clinically and ultrasonographically for the first 3 months to verify symptom relief and persistence of stones; no symptoms or stones were found. The transoral robotic surgical approach seems to be safe and adequate for the conservative management of large hilo-parenchymal submandibular stones. An adequate diagnosis together with proper docking and an appropriate approach to the oral floor is mandatory.