莫沙必利对乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨莫沙必利对乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期肠道微生态的影响。方法选择2016年1月～2018年6月在我院诊断治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者60例为研究对象,按照入院单双号分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组采用恩替卡韦分散片口服治疗,观察组在此基础上加用莫沙必利片治疗。比较治疗前后肠道菌群变化、血清内毒素水平以及腹胀、恶心呕吐、食欲不振发生率。结果治疗后观察组肠道菌群中肠球菌(12.2±3.0)lgn/g,大肠杆菌(11.5±3.3)lgn/g,显著低于治疗前及对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组乳酸杆菌(27.2±4.3)lgn/g,双歧杆菌(29.2±5.1)lgn/g,显著高于治疗前及对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组血清内毒素水平(28.8±5.4)Eu/mL,显著低于治疗前以及对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后肠道症状腹胀、食欲不振、恶心呕吐的发生率显著下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组腹部症状发生率显著低于对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期患者存在肠道菌群失调,莫沙必利能够有效调节患者肠道微生态,改善患者症状。     

基于16S rDNA测序的帕金森病患者肠道菌群初步分析

目的对帕金森病患者的肠道菌群进行初步分析。方法收集2018年10月～2019年4月某三甲医院收治的7例帕金森病患者及7例健康对照者的粪便样本,提取菌群DNA,选取细菌16S r DNA的V3～V4区序列进行基因扩增及Illumina测序,生物信息学分析肠道菌群测序数据。结果 Alpha多样性分析中,Chao指数、Ace指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数在两组样本间无显著统计学差异(P0.05)。在界、门分类水平上PD组及健康对照组物种数目相等,在纲、目、科、属、种、OTU分类水平上PD组所包含的物种数目依次高于健康对照组。受试样本中肠道菌群结构由4个主要的菌门组成,分别为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门。在PD组中,检测到了12种显著升高的肠道菌群组分(P0.05)。结论帕金森病患者与健康对照者的肠道菌群结构在大体上是相似的,有部分菌群在两组间存在着差异,深入分析肠道菌群变化有望为研究帕金森病的发病机制、疾病预防及治疗提供新思路。     

金属支架和腹腔镜在结直肠癌伴梗阻治疗中的应用价值

目的研究联合金属支架与腹腔镜手术在治疗结直肠癌伴梗阻治疗中的疗效。方法将2012年3月至2015年3月期间收治的48例高龄结直肠癌伴梗阻病人分为两组,①观察组:24例结直肠癌伴梗阻病人,植入金属支架缓解梗阻作为过渡治疗,完善相关术前准备,之后在腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治性切除术;②对照组:24例结直肠癌伴梗阻的同期病人直接采取腹腔镜下结直肠癌切除术。结果①采取过渡性植入金属支架后进行根治性手术的病人24例,其中21例施行根治性切除,2例因转移至肝脏和肺未能切除,另1例因房颤未行金属支架置入术和腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术。术后随访24例,随访时间12~29个月,平均21个月。其中施行根治性切21例均无复发和转移,3例未能切除者死于肿瘤远处转移。对照组:24例采取直接腹腔镜手术治疗,24例行根治性手术,2例因术后肠瘘、多器官功能衰竭死亡,1例因术后发生胃转移死亡。随访:24例,随访时间10~24个月,平均15个月,对比两组病人,发现病人在支架置入后行腹腔镜根治术,术后并发症及生活质量有显著改善,生存时间并无明显差异。结论相比直接采取腹腔镜手术切除的病人,联合金属支架植入与腹腔镜手术治疗方式具有安全、术后并发症少等优点,可提高病人生存质量,两组病人在生存时间上无明显差异。     

经内镜支架置入联合腹腔镜手术治疗左侧大肠癌性梗阻的临床价值

目的:探讨经内镜支架置入术联合腹腔镜手术治疗左侧大肠癌性梗阻的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2015年3月收治的44例左侧大肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料,其中观察组(n=18)经内镜联合X光置入结肠金属支架,缓解肠梗阻后择期行腹腔镜手术,对照组(n=26)则行术中结肠灌洗、Ⅰ期根治性切除吻合术。对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、手术并发症、住院时间、住院费用等。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间明显优于对照组(P0.01),而住院费用则高于对照组(P0.01);对照组术后并发症发生率明显高于观察组(P0.05)。结论:结肠支架置入术可有效解除左侧大肠癌急性肠梗阻,支架置入术后择期行腹腔镜手术安全、可行,患者创伤小,术后康复快,并发症少,是安全有效的治疗手段。     

根部穿孔性阑尾炎的腹腔镜治疗策略

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)治疗根部穿孔性阑尾炎的可行性,并提出根部穿孔性阑尾炎的临床分型及处理方法。方法:总结2012年9月至2016年3月收治的124例行LA的根部穿孔性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。根据阑尾根部、回盲部能否充分显露及阑尾根部距盲肠壁完整段的长度,将根部穿孔性阑尾炎分为Ⅰ型(Ⅰa型、Ⅰb型、Ⅰc型)、Ⅱ型,其处理方式为:用可吸收结扎夹对系膜缘侧双重夹闭阑尾根部、间断缝合阑尾残端周围5 mm盲肠壁、距阑尾根部10 mm处用腔内切割吻合器闭合并切割阑尾周围盲肠壁组织及中转开腹。结果:124例患者均痊愈出院,包括Ⅰa型73例、Ⅰb型30例、Ⅰc型18例(早期3例中转开腹,后期15例行LA)、Ⅱ型3例。术后病理均证实根部穿孔性阑尾炎。放置腹腔乳胶引流管的患者,术后48~72 h行腹腔B超检查证实无积液后拔除。随访3~48个月,无粘连性肠梗阻、腹腔脓肿及阑尾残端漏发生。结论:LA治疗根部穿孔性阑尾炎是可行的,必须依据临床分型进行根部处理,腔内切割吻合器处理根部穿孔性阑尾炎具有一定的临床意义。     

小肠间质瘤20例诊治分析

目的　总结小肠间质瘤诊断和治疗经验。方法　对1993—2 0 0 4年收治的2 0例小肠间质瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　临床表现为黑便、果酱样血便14例、头晕9例、贫血3例,伴腹部疼痛11例,发病时间2个月至7年。确诊方式:剖腹探查12例,腹腔镜探查6例,小肠镜检查2例;手术方式:小肠间质瘤切除18例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,肿瘤无法切除行保守治疗1例。随访6个月至9年,除1例死于脑干出血、2例长期服用甲磺酸伊马替尼(Gleevec)症状部分缓解外,其余17例均健在,间质瘤无复发。结论　小肠间质瘤预后较好,但对不明原因的消化道出血应及早探查,以避免误诊;Gleevec对晚期小肠间质瘤有较好疗效     

体外循环对大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的　观察大鼠体外循环(CPB)围术期肠黏膜通透性的变化以及对肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法　建立大鼠CPB模型,按照CPB后不同时间进行分组,分别采血测定血浆D-乳酸和脂多糖(LPS)的浓度并观察小肠组织病理变化。结果　CPB 1h后血浆D-乳酸和LPS开始升高,CPB结束后1h达到峰值,CPB后8h恢复正常。二者变化趋势一致,呈正相关(r=0. 8312 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;CPB后小肠绒毛顶端上皮脱落,固有层白细胞聚集。结论　CPB术后早期肠黏膜屏障功能就已经受到损害,通透性增加。血浆D 乳酸浓度变化可用来判断肠黏膜屏障损伤程度,为CPB严重并发症的防治和预后评估提供有益的参考和实验依据     

Esophageal perforation complicating with spinal epidural abscess,iatrogenic or secondary to first thoracic spine fracture?

Summary A 49-year-old drunken man was involved in a motorbike crash. He presented with cervical spine injury and multiple limbs fracture. Neuro-imaging demonstrated disruption of the C5–6 anterior longitudinal ligament, herniation of C3–4 and C5–6 discs, and Th1 compression fracture. The neurological deficits improved after anterior cervical decompression, fusion and fixation. One week later, he suffered from fever and severe upper back pain, and he developed paraplegia subsequently. The following image study disclosed esophageal perforation at the level of Th1 and epidural abscess spreading from levels Th1 to Th5. After proper management and rehabilitation, he achieved good recovery one year later at follow-up.We report the unique case of Th1 fracture with esophageal perforation complicated with spinal epidural abscess. The possible mechanism and the controversy concerning therapy for esophageal perforation are discussed.     

Antithrombin III attenuates pulmonary tissue injury caused by mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a well-known event causing both local and remote organ injuries, including the lungs. Recently, several studies indicated that activated leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play an important role in the mechanisms of these injuries. As a natural inhibitor of serine proteases, antithrombin was shown previously to attenuate the tissue damage after local I/R in several organ systems. Here, we examined the effects of antithrombin on pulmonary injury after mesenteric I/R. METHODS: Wistar albino rats underwent median laparotomy and were randomized into 3 groups: (1) sham-operated control (n = 12), (2) 60 minutes of mesenteric ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 12), and (3) antithrombin-pretreated (250 U/kg) group before the I/R (n = 12). At the end of reperfusion, animals were killed and neutrophil sequestration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Evans blue dye extravasation in the lung parenchyma were assessed and compared. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the quantity of Evans blue dye concentration, leukocyte sequestration, and MPO activity in the I/R group when compared with the control group. The pretreatment of animals with antithrombin significantly decreased the pulmonary injury characterized by increased Evans blue dye extravasation, leukocyte sequestration, and MPO activity. CONCLUSION: The data of the present study suggest that mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion induces pulmonary injury characterized by activated neutrophil sequestration and increased microvascular leakage in the lungs. A significant attenuation of intestinal I/R-related lung injury with the use of antithrombin concentrate warrants further studies to elucidate the potential role of this natural serine protease inhibitor in clinical settings.