乙酰胆硷和电刺激迷走神经对HC1引起的大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

本工作观察了乙酰胆硷(Ach)和电刺激迷走神经对0.6N HCl引起的胃粘膜出血性损伤的保护作用,发现皮下注射50μg/kg的氯化Ach和电刺激膈下迷走神经5min,可明显降低HCl引起的胃粘膜出血量,这一作用可被消炎痛及阿托品所阻断。提示这种保护作用是通过依赖于M-受体的内源性前列腺素。     

HIV neuropathogenesis and therapeutic strategies

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l neuropathogenesis can be divided into three important components: (i) virus entry into the nervous system; (ii) the role of viral proteins and/or cellular products in neural tissue damage; and (iii) the mechanisms of neuronal injury/death. Both blood derived macrophages or trafficking HIV-1 infected T-lymphocytes have been implicated in viral entry to the central nervous system (CNS). The major cell type harboring productive HIV-1 infection in the nervous system is the perivascular macrophage/ microglia. The HIV-1 infection of brain astrocytes, restricted to the expression of regulatory gene products, may cause astrocyte dysfunction and contribute to neuronal injury or to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Studies of cerebrospinal fluid and postmortem tissues reveal chronic inflammation/immune activation in the nervous system during the later stages of HIV-1 infection associated with disruption of BBB integrity. Blood-brain barrier damage may underlie the white matter pallor described in HIV-1 infection and could result in further entry into the CNS of toxic viral or cellular products, or additional HIV-1 infected cells. The HIV infected and activated macrophages/microglia produce excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, and platelet activating factor. These products are directly toxic to human neurons in vitro. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp 120 may stimulate the release of toxic factors from brain macrophages. Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; or AMPA) glutamate receptors can antagonize candidate toxins of both viral and cellular origin. It has been postulated that (weak) excitotoxicity leads to oxidative stress in neurons and ultimately to apoptosis. Neuronal apoptosis occurs in the brains of both children and adults with HIV-1 infection. This understanding of HIV neuropathogenesis implies that therapeutic strategies should include: (i) anti-retroviral medications to decrease systemic and CNS virus load, and possibly to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV; (ii) anti-inflammatory compounds to decrease the chronic immune activation in microglia and allow the restoration of BBB integrity; and (iii) neuroprotective compounds to reduce neuronal injury and apoptotic death.     

血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的测定在肠梗阻诊断中的应用

肠梗阻是临床常见的急腹症，绞窄性肠梗阻的死亡率可高达４５％～３０％，我们自１９９５年８月至１９９７年４月共收治肠梗阻５３例，其中单纯性肠梗阻２８例，经手术证实为绞窄性肠梗阻２５例（其中肠坏死８例），在治疗前均测定血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶，其结果：本组病例中血清磷升高者１４例，其中以８例肠坏死为显著，肌酸激酶及其同功酶的升高也以绞窄性肠梗阻为明显，其中又以发病时间在４８小时以内者和８例肠坏死者为著，因此，我们认为：血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的测定可以作为判断肠管是否发生绞窄及坏死的辅助诊断指标     

Role of immune complexes in thyroid diseases

Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. A. Pankov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 168–170, February, 1992.     

Inhibition of rat heart allograft rejection by a PUVA treatment of the graft recipient

Treatment of rat heart grafts with PUVA, the combination of the photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light, leads to a prolonged transplant survival in allogeneic recipients. A PUVA treatment of the recipient rats, performed for 7 consecutive days after transplantation, prolonged graft survival even more effectively. This may be due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects of PUVA in the recipient. One of the mediators is urocanic acid, which is transformed by ultraviolet light in the skin from its trans- to the cis-isomer, which, in turn, acts as a mediator on the immune system. An injection of cisurocanic acid into graft recipients for 7 consecutive days after transplantation resulted in prolonged graft survival; in 40% of the rats, permanent graft acceptance was observed. The significance of these results for clinical organ transplantation is discussed.     

高原地区小儿病毒性心肌炎T细胞亚群检测及临床意义

本文对２８例小儿病毒性心肌炎患者进行了Ｔ细胞检测，发现患儿外周血Ｔ细胞亚群有明显改变。提示：小儿病毒性心肌炎患者均有不同程度的一过性细胞免疫功能低下。而体液免疫功能正常，我们在临床给与一般治疗的同时，佐以胸腺因子治疗，明显改善症状，取得良好疗效。     

The child with recurrent respiratory infections: normal or not?

Respiratory infections (RI) are one of the major complaints in children and adolescents, and represent a demanding challenge for the pediatrician. It has been estimated that at least 6% of Italian children younger than 6 yr of age present recurrent respiratory infections (RRI). Children with RRI are not affected by severe alterations of the immune system. RRI represent essentially the consequence of an increased exposure to infectious agents during the first years of life, when immune functions are still largely immature. Several social and environmental factors, such as day-care attendance, family size, air pollution, parental smoking, and home dampness, represent important risk factors for airway diseases and may contribute in various degrees to determine the incidence of RRI. The main problem for the pediatrician is to discriminate normal children with high RI frequency related to an augmented exposure to environmental risk factors from children affected by other underlying pathological conditions (immunological or not), predisposing to infectious diseases. When RRI diagnosis has been formulated, removal of environmental risk factors (i.e. precocious day-care attendance, smoking in the household) must first be suggested.     

Treatment of gingival lichen with free palatal grafts

BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant gingival erythematous lichen planus/lichenoid lesions comprise a considerable therapeutic problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of grafting keratinized oral palatal mucosa to the sites of gingival lichen. METHODS: In 12 patients 20 grafts were transplanted to buccal gingival lesions. Mean age of the patients was 59.8 +/- 7.1 years (range 46-71 years). The mean observation time was 32 +/- 32.7 months (range 5-97 months). RESULTS: On a 4-point clinical grade scale (0-3), 12 (60%) transplants showed complete healing grade 3, six (30%) grade 2 and two (10%) grade 1. CONCLUSIONS: Using oral mucosal grafts from the palatal mucosa for the treatment of recalcitrant erythematous gingival lichen planus/lichenoid lesions seems to be a promising treatment modality.     

改良Millard法修复单侧重度完全性唇裂

目的：探讨一种修复重度完全性单侧唇裂的方法。方法：应用改良Mi11ard法与裂隙缘粘膜瓣联合应用修复单侧重度完全性唇裂，笔者自2000年始应用此法对单侧完全性重度唇裂的鼻槛修复及口、鼻瘘口封闭、鼻堤重建效果满意。21例患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有病例经术后复查效果满意。结果：该组病例在唇裂修复的同期行口、鼻瘘口之完善封闭。结论：此方法适用于单侧重度完全性唇裂且齿槽骨裂隙较宽大者。