C1侧块C2椎板螺钉固定与C1-2关节螺钉固定的生物力学性能比较

目的 比较1侧块C2椎板螺钉固定与后路C1-2关节螺钉固定的牛物力学性能,为枢椎交叉椎板螺钉的临床应用提供参考依据.方法 收集新鲜成年人尸体颈椎标本(C0-C4)10具,男6具,女4具,平均年龄58岁(50～72岁).分别制备成C1-2完整状态的模型(M0)、C1-2失稳的模型(M1)、C1,侧块螺钉C2交义椎板螺钉固定模型(M2)及后路C1-2关节螺钉固定模型(M3),进行三维生物力学测试,记录各组模型在屈伸、轴向旋转和侧屈的运动范围(ROM)和中性区(NZ).结果 屈伸模式下M0、M1、M2、M3的ROM和NZ分别为:(20.4±9.2)°、(10.4±5.8)°;(46.3±17.2))°、(34.5±14.1)°;(4.1±0.9)°、(1.9±0.8)°;(4.3±1.0)°、(2.1±0.7)°.轴向旋转模式下 M0、M1、M2、M3的ROM和NZ分别为:(65.3±12.9)°、(40.8±11.2)°;(91.7±10.5)°、(72.3±12.6)°;(8.9±2.1)°、(4.7±1.8)°;(8.4±2.5)°、(4.4±2.3)°.侧屈模式F M0、M1、M2、M3的ROM和NZ分别为:(11.5±4.3)°、(7.2±3.2)°;(35.0±12.9)°、(21.9±11.8)°;(2.9±1.1)°、(1.4±0.8)°;(2.5±1.4)°、(1.3±1.0)°.在三维运动模式下M2和M3力学稳定性均明显优于M1和M0,然而M2和M3,的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 C1侧块C2椎板螺钉固定拥有良好的生物力学稳定性,可作为C1-2关节螺钉固定的良好替代.     

S-F内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折

目的　探讨使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的效果。方法　回顾分析从 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月使用S-F脊柱内固定器治疗的胸腰椎爆裂型骨折 4 4例 ,比较手术前后的椎体前后缘高度 ,椎管狭窄程度 ,Cobb角及症状恢复情况。结果　经平均 2年左右的随访 ,术后椎体前缘平均高度达正常的 93 8%± 6 2 7% ,较术前增加了 4 2 5 3%。椎体后缘平均高度达到正常的 97 5 9%± 0 0 3% ,较术前增加了 1 6 5 2 %。脊柱后凸Cobb为 4 98°± 3 32°。较术前矫正了 1 4 6 8°。CT片显示椎体后突骨块占椎管前后径的比例为 9 5 9%± 7 2 1 % ,较术前减少 2 7 71 %。统计学分析差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。有神经功能损伤者 ,术后平均改进一级以上。在术后二周与术后一年以上的X线片相比较其椎体前缘的高度平均仅丢失 1 0 % ,椎体后缘的高度平均丢失 0 8% ,Cobb角平均丢失 0 1°。结论　使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折具有操作简单、复位完美、固定牢靠、疗效优良的优点。术中注意不宜过度撑开及双侧不对称 ,对椎板减压者宜作“H”型椎板后路植骨 ,横突间、关节突间植骨融合将提高疗效、减少并发症     

内固定技术在脊柱结核外科治疗中的应用

内固定技术的应用是脊柱结核外科治疗的新发展,其目的是充分发挥内固定即刻重建脊柱稳定性的作用,促进局部结核控制和骨性融合达到结核病灶的静止与修复。临床实践证明在结核病灶局部植入组织相容性好、耐腐蚀性强的钛合金材料不会增加术后感染及结核扩散的发生率。内固定应用的适应证:①脊柱结核造成椎体破坏明显,在病灶清除或切除后必须用植骨来修复骨缺损及恢复椎间高度者;②病灶清除或切除后对脊柱的稳定性有明显损害者;③脊柱后凸畸形需矫正者。采用内固定时,须根据患者的具体病情,选择前路或后路内固定方法,采用Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期手术。应该明确,脊柱结核外科治疗只是辅助治疗方法,有效的抗结核化疗才是脊柱结核治疗的基础。     

Broad ligament hernia-associated bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a female patient 29 years of age with antecedents of laparoscopic laser ablation for endometriosis, laparoscopic appendectomy, and umbilical hernioplasty. METHODS: The patient was admitted to the hospital's emergency room for abdominal pain in the epigastrium, transfixing, irradiating to both upper quadrants and to the lumbar region, accompanied by nausea and gastrobiliary vomiting. Lipase determination was 170 mg/dL. Other laboratory findings were normal. Plain abdominal films on the patient's admission were normal, and computed tomography (CT) showed data compatible with acute pancreatitis. Without improvement during the patient's hospital stay, pain and vomiting increased in intensity and frequency. RESULTS: New abdominal x-rays revealed dilatation of small bowel loops. Management was begun for intestinal obstruction, with intravenous hydration and placement of a nasogastric tube without a good response. At 48 hours, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, revealing a 3-cm internal hernia in the left broad ligament in which a 20-cm segment of terminal ileum was encased. We performed liberation of the ileal segment and closed the hernial orifice by using the laparoscopic approach. CONCLUSION: The patient's evolution was excellent.     

TARP钢板系统在难复型寰枢椎脱位手术中的临床应用

目的探讨经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统（TARP）在难复型寰枢椎脱位的临床应用。方法自2003年4月-2004年9月，对13例陈旧性的难复型寰枢椎脱位患者行经口咽前路松解减压，应用TARP系统复位和固定，两侧寰枢关节间植入自体髂骨融合。结果除1例因跌倒引起螺钉松动再次脱位外，均固定牢固，融合理想，脊髓减压满意。结论经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统一次完成寰枢椎脱位的复位和固定是治疗陈旧性难复型寰枢椎脱位较为理想的手术方法。     

直视下经尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨直视下经尿道内次切开术治疗尿道狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法：总结直视下经尿道内切开术治疗68例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者的疗效和经验，63例1次手术成功；3例行2次、2例行3次成功。结果：68例中，57例术后随访3～71个月，平均28．3个月，43例(75％)均排尿通畅；2例暂时性尿失禁者分别于术后3～6月内恢复。结论：直视下经尿道内切开术创伤小，并发症少，疗效确切，是尿道狭窄和闭锁的首选治疗方法。     

经舟骨月骨周围脱位的早期手术治疗

目的　研究经舟骨月骨周围脱位早期复位并进行切开内固定和修复损伤的腕掌侧关节囊和韧带的治疗方法。方法　从1995年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,共 7例经舟骨月骨周围脱位患者接受这种治疗方法。手术均在受伤后 2周内进行 ,所有患者均为后脱位。结果　 7例都得到随访 ,平均随访时间 2 0 5个月。 6例舟骨骨折愈合 ,腕关节功能恢复良好 ;1例出现骨不连 ,腕关节功能部分受限。尚未发现月骨坏死者。采用Cooney评分法 :优 2例、良 3例、可 1例和差 1例 ,优良率 71 4 %。结论　经舟骨月骨周围脱位应早期复位及切开内固定治疗 ,同时修复损伤的腕掌侧关节囊、桡舟头韧带和桡舟月韧带。可早期提供腕舟骨稳固的固定 ,有利于舟骨近段和月骨血供的恢复。     

切开复位内固定治疗股骨髁间骨折

目的探讨股骨髁间骨折的切开复位内固定临床价值。方法自1995年7月～2001年12月,采用切开复位,普通钢板、95°角钢板、DCS或髁部支撑钢板等内固定治疗股骨髁间骨折32例。根据AO/ASIF分类,C1型13例,C2型10例,C3型9例。根据术前术后X线片及术后膝关节功能恢复情况评价内固定效果。结果27例获得随访,随访时间9个月～7年,根据Sanders评分标准,优14例,良9例,差4例。结论切开复位内固定是治疗股骨髁间骨折的理想选择。     

Guided bone regeneration for immediate non‐submerged implant placement using bioabsorbable materials in Beagle dogs

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined application of different bioabsorbable materials for healing of residual peri‐implant defects after placement of non‐submerged implants into fresh extraction sockets. Second and third mandibular premolars were extracted from 10 Beagle dogs, the coronal part of the distal sockets were surgically enlarged and this was followed by immediate placement of specially designed hollow‐screw non‐submerged dental implants. For each animal, the coronal peri‐implant defects were further treated with one of the 4 following procedures: 1) no treatment, control site: 2) grafting with porous hydroxyapatite (HA); 3) collagen membrane tightly secured around the implant and over the defect and 4) grafting with HA covered with a collagen membrane. After 16 weeks of healing, specimens were removed from the mandibule and prepared for a histomorphometric evaluation. The bone-to-implant contact length (BIC) was measured and compared amongst the different treatment modalities. In the defect area, the irregular bone regeneration was similar between all the treatment procedures ( P >0.10). In the sites covered with a collagen membrane alone, the total BIC (47%) was greater than in control sites (28.7%. P <0.05) or sites grafted with HA (22.2%, P <0.02). Total BIC in sites treated with the HA‐membrane combination (43%) was only significantly different from sites treated with HA ( P <0.10). It is concluded that the use of bioabsorbable materials results in a limited increase of osseointegration when used in conjunction with immediate placement of non-submerged implants, although the principle of the one stage surgical approach can be maintained.     

Distribution of the largest neuron in mouse caudate-putamen nucleus: Its position in large-cell — Medium-cell clusters

Summary The position of the largest striatal neuron within territories delimited by medium-sized clustered neurons was charted in Nissl-stained sections through the mouse caudate-putamen nucleus. Medium-sized neuron somata occur in close proximity to this large cell at some point in the anteroposterior, mediolateral or dorsoventral extent of its soma. The size of the network of medium-sized neurons associated with the large cell may vary from two to 15 neurons. Even when this network is extensive, the large neuron is never completely surrounded. Most often, this cell also borders a fascicle of internal capsule fibers, and the entire cellular island may be aligned either parallel to or perpendicular to the orientation of these fibers. These findings suggest the hypothesis that cellular territories in the caudate-putamen nucleus have a very specific orientation in three dimensional space.